[ { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-1", "osd_num": 1, "identifiers": "GLDS-1", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-1", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/1", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/1" } }, "overview": { "title": "Expression data from drosophila melanogaster", "description": "Space travel presents unlimited opportunities for exploration and discovery, but requires a more complete understanding of the immunological consequences of long-term exposure to the conditions of spaceflight. To understand these consequences better and to contribute to design of effective countermeasures, we used the Drosophila model to compare innate immune responses to bacteria and fungi in flies that were either raised on earth or in outer space aboard the NASA Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-121). Microarrays were used to characterize changes in gene expression that occur in response to infection by bacteria and fungus in drosophila that were either hatched and raised in outer space (microgravity) or on earth (normal gravity). Whole Oregon R strain drosophila melanogaster fruit flies either raised on earth or in space that were (1) uninfected, (2) infected with bacteria (Escherichia coli), or (3) infected with fungus (Beauveria bassiana) were used for RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays.", "release_date": "2013-12-11", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-1/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Drosophila melanogaster" ], "material_types": [ "Whole Organism" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Infection" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Infection" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "STS-121" ], "flight_programs": [ "Space Transportation System (STS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "NASA Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Michael Deborah George Kimbrell" ], "publication_title": "Toll Mediated Infection Response Is Altered by Gravity and Spaceflight in Drosophila" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-2", "osd_num": 2, "identifiers": "GLDS-2", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-2", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/2", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/2" } }, "overview": { "title": "Response of human lymphoblastoid cells to HZE (iron ions) or gamma-rays", "description": "Transcriptional profiling of human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells comparing mock irradiated cells with cells exposed 24 hours previously to 1.67 Gy HZE (1 GeV/amu iron ions accelerated at the NASA Space Research Laboratory (NSRL) of Brookhaven National Laboratory) or 2.5 Gy 137Cs gamma rays. TK6 cells were mock irradiated or exposed to HZE or gamma-rays, and RNA was harvested 24 hours later. 3 biological replicates were independently grown and harvested during three different runs at the NSRL. One replicate per array.", "release_date": "2011-04-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-2/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Absorbed Radiation Dose" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "absorbed radiation dose" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Johnson Space Center (JSC)", "people": [ "Sally A Amundson" ], "publication_title": "p53-independent downregulation of histone gene expression in human cell lines by high- and low-let radiation." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-3", "osd_num": 3, "identifiers": "GLDS-3", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-3", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/3", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/3" } }, "overview": { "title": "Drosophila melanogaster gene expression changes after spaceflight.", "description": "Gene expression levels were determined in 3rd instar and adult Drosophila melanogaster reared during spaceflight, to elucidate the genetic and molecular mechanisms underpinning the effects of microgravity on the immune system. The goal was to validate the Drosophila model for understanding alterations of innate immune responses in humans due to spaceflight. Five containers of flies, with ten female and five male fruit flies in each container, were housed and bred on the space shuttle (average orbit altitude of 330.35 km) for 12 days and 18.5 hours, with a new generation reared in microgravity. RNA was extracted on the day of shuttle landing from whole body animals (3rd instar larvae and adults), hybridized to Drosophila 2.0 Affymetrix genome arrays, and the expression level of all genes was normalized against the gene expression level from the corresponding developmental stage animals raised on ground. Spaceflight altered the expression of larval genes involved in the maturation of plasmatocytes (macrophages) and their phagocytic response, as well as the level of constitutive expression of pattern recognition receptors and opsonins that specifically recognize bacteria, and of lysozymes, antimicrobial peptide pathway and immune stress genes, hallmarks of humoral immunity. Larval microarrays (FL 6 samples) are based on RNA extracted from 6 independent sets of 50 mid 3rd instar larvae reared in microgravity and collected on the day of landing after 12 days and 18.5 hours on the space shuttle and the same number of control larvae raised on ground (GL 6 samples). Adults microarrays (F1 3 samples) are based on RNA from 3 sets of 20 adult females each, that emerged during spaceflight and within 4 hours of landing and the same number of adult females from the corresponding ground control containers (G1 3 samples).", "release_date": "2011-09-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-3/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Drosophila melanogaster" ], "material_types": [ "Whole Organism" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Developmental Stage", "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "developmental stage", "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "STS-121" ], "flight_programs": [ "Space Transportation System (STS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Sharmila Oana Matthew Max Edina Laura Alena Thomas Helen Bhattacharya Marcu Lera Sanchez Levic Higgins Shmygelska Fahlen Nichol" ], "publication_title": "Innate Immune Responses of Drosophila melanogaster Are Altered by Spaceflight" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-4", "osd_num": 4, "identifiers": "GLDS-4", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-4", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/4", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/4" } }, "overview": { "title": "Microarray Analysis of Space-flown Murine Thymus Tissue", "description": "Microarray Analysis of Space-flown Murine Thymus Tissue Reveals Changes in Gene Expression Regulating Stress and Glucocorticoid Receptors. We used microarrays to detail the gene expression of space-flown thymic tissue and identified distinct classes of up-regulated genes during this process. We report here microarray gene expression analysis in young adult C57BL/6NTac mice at 8 weeks of age after exposure to spaceflight aboard the space shuttle (STS-118) for a period of 13 days. Upon conclusion of the mission, thymus lobes were extracted from space flown mice (FLT) as well as age- and sex-matched ground control mice similarly housed in animal enclosure modules (AEM). mRNA was extracted and an automated array analysis for gene expression was performed. Examination of the microarray data revealed 970 individual probes that had a 1.5 fold or greater change. When these data were averaged (n equals 4), we identified 12 genes that were significantly up- or down-regulated by at least 1.5 fold after spaceflight (p less than 0.05). Together, these data demonstrate that spaceflight induces significant changes in the thymic mRNA expression of genes that regulate stress, glucocorticoid receptor metabolism, and T cell signaling activity. These data explain, in part, the reported systemic compromise of the immune system after exposure to the microgravity of space.", "release_date": "2010-03-10", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-4/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "thymus" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "Space Transportation System (Shuttle)" ], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Ty Ann Vuna Raphael Chris Dominick W M C Lebsack Manziello Fa Gruener Woods Deluca" ], "publication_title": "Microarray analysis of spaceflown murine thymus tissue reveals changes in gene expression regulating stress and glucocorticoid receptors. A microRNA signature and TGF-β1 response were identified as the key master regulators for spaceflight response." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-5", "osd_num": 5, "identifiers": "GLDS-5", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-5", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/5", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/5" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcription profiling of activated human T cells induced by microgravity to identify apoptotic genes and other immune response genes", "description": "The purpose of this study was to search for microgravity-sensitive genes, specifically for apoptotic genes influenced by the microgravity environment and other genes related to immune response. Experiment Overall Design: Two-group design with paired samples, i.e., one 1G and one MMG culture came from the same donor. Therefore, 6 samples came from 3 different donors. Experiment Overall Design: Donor 1 :GSM96146,GSM96147 Experiment Overall Design: Donor 2: GSM96148, GSM96149 Experiment Overall Design: Donor 3: GSM96150,GSM96151 Experiment Overall Design: Total RNA was submitted to, and then labeled, hybridized and data generated by the Baylor College Medicine Microarray Core Facility (333E One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030).", "release_date": null, "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-5/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "primary cell" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Microgravity Simulation" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Diana Risin" ], "publication_title": "Gene expression alterations in activated human T-cells induced by modeled microgravity." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-6", "osd_num": 6, "identifiers": "GLDS-6", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-6", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/6", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/6" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcription profiling of rat keratinocytes exposed to a 56Fe ion beam", "description": "The purpose of the present work was to examine gene expression patterns in a rat keratinocyte line exposed to a 56Fe ion beam Experiment Overall Design: The cells were exposed to 1.01 geV/nucleon 56Fe ions generated by the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory facility. Data from Affymetrix rat microarrays (RAT 230_2) were processed by BRB ArrayTools 3.3.0 software, and the Gene Ontogeny (GO) database was utilized to categorize significantly responding genes.", "release_date": "2007-11-29", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-6/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Rattus norvegicus" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Johnson Space Center (JSC)", "people": [ "Ronghe Zhang" ], "publication_title": "Gene expression and cell cycle arrest in a rat keratinocyte line exposed to 56Fe ions." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-7", "osd_num": 7, "identifiers": "GLDS-7", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-7", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/7", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/7" } }, "overview": { "title": "The Arabidopsis spaceflight transcriptome: a comparison of whole plants to discrete root, hypocotyl and shoot responses to the orbital environment", "description": "Arabidopsis thaliana was evaluated for its response to the spaceflight environment in three replicated experiments on the International Space Station. Two approaches were used; GFP reporter genes were used to collect gene expression data in real time within unique GFP imaging hardware, and plants were harvested on orbit to RNAlater for subsequent analyses of gene expression with using Affymetrix and SAGE transcriptome analyses. Three tissue types were examined (leaves, hypocotyls and roots) and compared to analyses conducted with whole plants. Transcriptome analyses with whole plants suggested that the spaceflight environment had little impact on the transcriptome of Arabidopsis, however, closer examination of selected tissues revealed that there are a number of tissue-specific responses that Arabidopsis employs to respond to this novel environment.", "release_date": "2013-10-04", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-7/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Organism Part" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "organism part" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "STS-129" ], "flight_programs": [ "Space Shuttle", "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Robert Agata Anna-Lisa J K Ferl Zupanska Paul" ], "publication_title": "Organ-specific remodeling of the Arabidopsis transcriptome in response to spaceflight." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-8", "osd_num": 8, "identifiers": "GLDS-8", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-8", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/8", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/8" } }, "overview": { "title": "Gravitational and magnetic field variations synergize to cause subtle variations in the global transcriptional state of Arabidopsis in vitro callus cultures", "description": "Using diamagnetic levitation, we have exposed A. thaliana in vitro callus cultures to five environments with different levels of effective gravity (from levitation i.e. simulated mg* to 2g*) and magnetic fields (10.1 to 16.5 Tesla) and we have compared the results with those of similar experiments done in a Random Position Machine (simulated micro g) and a Large Diameter Centrifuge (2g) free of high magnetic fields. Microarray analysis indicates that there are changes in overall gene expression of the cultured cells exposed to these unusual environments but also that gravitational and magnetic field produce synergic variations in the steady state of the transcriptional profile of A. thaliana. Significant changes in the expression of structural, abiotic stress and secondary metabolism genes were observed into the magnet field. These results confirm that the strong magnetic field, both at micro g* or 2g*, has a significant effect on the expression of these genes but subtle gravitational effects are still observable. These subtle responses to microgravity environments are opposite to the ones observed in a hypergravity one.", "release_date": null, "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-8/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Altered Gravity", "Magnetic Field" ], "types": [ "Gravity", "Altered", "Magnetic Field" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "Spanish Space Program" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Raul Ana Jack Peter Juana Francisco I JWA CM M J Herranz Manzano van Loon Christianen Gonzalez-Rubio Medina" ], "publication_title": "Gravitational and magnetic field variations synergize to cause subtle variations in the global transcriptional state of Arabidopsis in vitro callus cultures" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-9", "osd_num": 9, "identifiers": "GLDS-9", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-9", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/9", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/9" } }, "overview": { "title": "Response of human lymphoblastoid cells to activated medium", "description": "Transcriptional profiling of human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells comparing mock irradiaed cells resuspended in fresh untreated RPMI 1640 medium with cells resuspended in medium activated by exposure to 2.5 Gy HZE (1 GeV/amu iron ions accelerated at the NASA Space Research Laboratory (NSRL) of Brookhaven National Laboratory). Two-condition experiment, mock irradiated vs. cells exposed to activated medium. 3 biological replicates were independently grown and harvested during three different runs at the NSRL. One replicate per array.", "release_date": "2011-04-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-9/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Compugen" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Johnson Space Center (JSC)", "people": [ "Sally A Amundson" ], "publication_title": "p53-independent downregulation of histone gene expression in human cell lines by high- and low-let radiation" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-11", "osd_num": 11, "identifiers": "GLDS-11", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-11", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/11", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/11" } }, "overview": { "title": "Space flight alters bacterial gene expression and virulence and reveals a role for global regulator Hfq", "description": "A comprehensive analysis of both the molecular genetic and phenotypic responses of any organism to the space flight environment has never been accomplished because of significant technological and logistical hurdles. Moreover, the effects of space flight on microbial pathogenicity and associated infectious disease risks have not been studied. The bacterial pathogen Salmonella typhimurium was grown aboard Space Shuttle mission STS-115 and compared with identical ground control cultures. Global microarray and proteomic analyses revealed that 167 transcripts and 73 proteins changed expression with the conserved RNA-binding protein Hfq identified as a likely global regulator involved in the response to this environment. Hfq involvement was confirmed with a ground-based microgravity culture model. Space flight samples exhibited enhanced virulence in a murine infection model and extracellular matrix accumulation consistent with a biofilm. Strategies to target Hfq and related regulators could potentially decrease infectious disease risks during space flight missions and provide novel therapeutic options on Earth.", "release_date": "2007-09-13", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-11/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Salmonella enterica" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center non-commercial" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "STS-115" ], "flight_programs": [ "Shuttle Program" ], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Michael S. P. M. Cheryl A McClelland Porwollik Cheng McClelland Nickerson" ], "publication_title": "Space flight alters bacterial gene expression and virulence and reveals a role for global regulator Hfq" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-12", "osd_num": 12, "identifiers": "GLDS-12", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-12", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/12", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/12" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcription profiling of S. cerevisiae cultures grown under low shear-modeled microgravity", "description": "The goal of this study was to assess whether low shear-modeled microgravity (LSMMG) affects yeast genomic expression patterns using the powerful tool of whole genome microarray hybridization. We determined changes in the yeast model organism, Saccharomyces cerevisisae, when grown in LSMMG using the rotating High Aspect Ratio Vessel (HARV). A significant number of genes were up- or down-regulated by at least two fold in cells that were grown for 5 generations or 25 generations in HARVs. We identified genes in cell wall integrity signaling pathways containing MAP kinase cascades that may provide clues to novel physiological responses of eukaryotic cells to the external stress of a low-shear modeled microgravity environment. A comparison of the microgravity response to other environmental stress response (ESR) genes showed that 26% of the genes that respond ,significantly to LSMMG are involved in a general environmental stress response, while 74% of the genes may represent a unique transcriptional response to microgravity. In addition, we found changes in genes involved in budding, cell polarity establishment, and cell separation that confirm our hypothesis that exposure to LSMMG causes changes in gene transcription resulting in a phenotypic response. The results of the study provide interesting clues to potential mechanisms involved in the response to, adaptation to, and survival of eukaryotic cells in a microgravity environment and our findings may have important health implications for human spaceflight. Experiment Overall Design: Four conditions are compared with three replicates each: yeast grown in low-shear modeled microgravity (HARV bioreactor) for 5 and 25 generations; yeast grown in a horizontal (non-LSMMG) HARV bioreactor for 5 and 25 generations.", "release_date": null, "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-12/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Saccharomyces cerevisiae" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA Microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "Transcription Profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Microgravity Simulation", "generation" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation", "generation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Kate Linda McInnerney Hyman" ], "publication_title": "Yeast genomic expression patterns in response to low-shear modeled microgravity" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-13", "osd_num": 13, "identifiers": "GLDS-13", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-13", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/13", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/13" } }, "overview": { "title": "T Cell Activation in Microgravity Compared to 1g (Earth's) Gravity", "description": "This study tested the hypothesis that transcription of immediate early genes is inhibited in T cells activated in microgravity (uG). Immunosuppression during spaceflight is a major barrier to safe long-term human space habitation and travel. The goals of these experiments were to prove that uG was the cause of impaired T cell activation during spaceflight as well as understand the mechanisms controlling early T cell activation. T cells from 4 human donors were stimulated with concanavalin A (ConA) and anti-CD28 onboard the International Space Station (ISS). An onboard centrifuge was used to generate a 1g simultaneous control to isolate the effects of uG from other variables of spaceflight. Microarray expression analysis after 1.5 hours of activation demonstrated that mg- and 1g-activated T cells had distinct patterns of global gene expression and identified 47 genes that were significantly differentially down-regulated in uG. Importantly, several key immediate early genes were inhibited in uG. T cells were isolated from human volunteers. T cells from each donor were kept separate and loaded into individual chambers in separate cassettes for the following treatments: uG non-activated, uG activated, and 1g activated. Therefore, samples represent biological triplicates. Experimental units were launched into space and placed into the KUBIK facility onboard the International Space Station. The 1g units were placed in the central centrifuge positions and centrifuged with an applied 1g force. The uG units were place in the static positions for continued uG exposure. After 30 minutes of pre-incubation, uG non-activated units were fixed by addition of RNALater (QIAGEN, Valencia, CA), removed from the incubator, and stored in 4°C. The uG and 1g activated units were injected with final concentration 10mg/ml Con A and 4mg/ml anti-CD28. These cassettes were replaced into KUBIK on either the centrifuge or static positions and activated for 1.5 hours. Activation was stopped with the addition of RNALater and the units were then moved to 4°C storage. All units were returned to Earth for analysis.", "release_date": "2012-06-21", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-13/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Primary T Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Treatment", "Altered Gravity", "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "treatment", "Gravity", "Altered", "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "Expedition 14" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Tammy Millie T Chang Hughes-Fulford" ], "publication_title": "The Rel/NF-κB pathway and transcription of immediate early genes in T cell activation are inhibited by microgravity." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-14", "osd_num": 14, "identifiers": "GLDS-14", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-14", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/14", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/14" } }, "overview": { "title": "Response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 to low shear modeled microgravity", "description": "Anticipating the risk for infectious disease during space exploration and habitation is a critical factor to ensure safety, health and performance of the crewmembers. As a ubiquitous environmental organism that is occasionally part of the human flora, Pseudomonas aeruginosa could pose a health hazard for the immuno-compromised astronauts. In order to gain insights in the behavior of P. aeruginosa in spaceflight conditions, two spaceflight-analogue culture systems, i.e. the rotating wall vessel (RWV) and the random position machine (RPM), were used. Microarray analysis of P. aeruginosa PAO1 grown in the low shear modeled microgravity (LSMMG) environment of the RWV compared to the normal gravity control (NG), revealed a regulatory role for AlgU (RpoE). Specifically, P. aeruginosa cultured in LSMMG exhibited increased alginate production and up-regulation of AlgU-controlled transcripts, including those encoding stress-related proteins. This study also shows the involvement of Hfq in the LSMMG response, consistent with its previously identified role in the Salmonella LSMMG- and spaceflight response. Furthermore, cultivation in LSMMG increased heat and oxidative stress resistance and caused a decrease in the culture oxygen transfer rate. Interestingly, the global transcriptional response of P. aeruginosa grown in the RPM was similar to that in NG. The possible role of differences in fluid mixing between the RWV and RPM is discussed, with the overall collective data favoring the RWV as the optimal model to study the LSMMG-response of suspended cells. This study represents a first step towards the identification of specific virulence mechanisms of P. aeruginosa activated in response to spaceflight-analogue conditions, and could direct future research regarding the risk assessment and prevention of Pseudomonas infections for the crew in flight and the general public.", "release_date": "2010-07-29", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-14/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Pseudomonas aeruginosa" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Microgravity Simulation" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Cheryl Benny Pierre Rob Pieter Natalie Aurelie Nickerson Pycke Cornelis Van Houdt Monsieurs Leys Crabbe" ], "publication_title": "Response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 to low shear modelled microgravity involves AlgU regulation." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-15", "osd_num": 15, "identifiers": "GLDS-15", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-15", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/15", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/15" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional and proteomic response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 to spaceflight conditions involves Hfq regulation and reveals a role for oxygen", "description": "This study describes the transcriptional response of P. aeruginosa PAO1 to low-Earth orbit environmental conditions. Our aim was to assess whether the microgravity environment of spaceflight could induce virulence traits in P. aeruginosa. To this end, P. aeruginosa cultures were grown in space, and the expression profile was compared with ground control samples (both in biological triplicate). Characterization of bacterial behavior in the microgravity environment of spaceflight is of importance towards risk assessment and prevention of infectious disease during long-term missions. Further, this research field unveils new insights into connections between low fluid-shear regions encountered by pathogens during their natural infection process in vivo, and bacterial virulence. This study is the first to characterize the global transcriptomic and proteomic response of an opportunistic pathogen that is actually found in the space habitat, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Overall, P. aeruginosa responded to spaceflight conditions through differential regulation of 167 genes and 28 proteins, with Hfq identified as a global transcriptional regulator in the response to this environment. Since Hfq was also induced in spaceflight-grown Salmonella typhimurium, Hfq represents the first spaceflight-induced regulator across the bacterial species border. The major P. aeruginosa virulence-related genes induced in spaceflight conditions were the lecA and lecB lectins and the rhamnosyltransferase (rhlA), involved in the production of rhamnolipids. The transcriptional response of spaceflight-grown P. aeruginosa was compared with our previous data of this organism grown in microgravity-analogue conditions using the rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor technology. Interesting similarities were observed, among others with regard to Hfq regulation and oxygen utilization. While LSMMG-grown P. aeruginosa mainly induced genes involved in microaerophilic metabolism, P. aeruginosa cultured in spaceflight adopted an anaerobic mode of growth, in which denitrification was presumably most prominent. Differences in hardware between spaceflight and LSMMG experiments, in combination with more pronounced low fluid shear and mixing in spaceflight when compared to LSMMG conditions, were hypothesized to be at the origin of these observations. Collectively, our data suggest that spaceflight conditions could induce the transition of P. aeruginosa from an opportunistic organism to potential pathogen, results that are of importance for infectious disease risk assessment and prevention, both during spaceflight missions and in the clinic.", "release_date": "2011-06-28", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-15/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Pseudomonas aeruginosa" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Microgravity Simulation" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Weightlessness Simulation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "STS-115" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Pieter Aurelie Michael Pieter Lisa Jill James Mark George Heidi Cheryl J W C A Monsieurs Crabbe Schurr Monsieurs Morici Schurr Wilson Ott Tsaprailis Stefanyshyn-Piper Nickerson" ], "publication_title": "Transcriptional and proteomic responses of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 to spaceflight conditions involve Hfq regulation and reveal a role for oxygen." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-16", "osd_num": 16, "identifiers": "GLDS-16", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-16", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/16", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/16" } }, "overview": { "title": "Spaceflight adaptation requires organ specific alterations in the proteomes of Arabidopsis", "description": "Life in spaceflight demonstrates remarkable adaptive processes within the specialized environments of space vehicles which are subject to the myriad of attending and unique environmental issues associated with orbital trajectories. To examine the adaptive processes that occur in plants in space, leaves and roots from Arabidopsis seedlings that were grown from seed for 12 days on the International Space Station and preserved on orbit in RNAlater were returned to earth and analyzed using iTRAQ broad scale proteomics procedures.", "release_date": null, "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-16/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein expression profiling" ], "platforms": [ "iTRAQ" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Organism Part" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "organism part" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "STS-129" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Anna-Lisa Ferl Paul Robert" ], "publication_title": "Spaceflight induces specific alterations\nin the proteomes of Arabidopsis. Astrobiology." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-17", "osd_num": 17, "identifiers": "GLDS-17", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-17", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/17", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/17" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcription profiling by array of the response of Arabidopsis cultivar Columbia etiolated seedlings and undifferentiated tissue culture cells to the spaceflight environment", "description": "We address a key baseline question of whether gene expression changes are induced by the orbital environment, and then we ask whether undifferentiated cells, cells presumably lacking the typical gravity response mechanisms, perceive spaceflight. Arabidopsis seedlings and undifferentiated cultured Arabidopsis cells were launched in April, 2010, as part of the BRIC-16 flight experiment on STS-131. Biologically replicated DNA microarray and averaged RNA digital transcript profiling revealed several hundred genes in seedlings and cell cultures that were significantly affected by launch and spaceflight. The response was moderate in seedlings; only a few genes were induced by more than 7-fold, and the overall intrinsic expression level for most differentially expressed genes was low. In contrast, cell cultures displayed a more dramatic response, with dozens of genes showing this level of differential expression, a list comprised primarily of heat shock-related and stress-related genes. This baseline transcriptome profiling of seedlings and cultured cells confirms the fundamental hypothesis that survival of the spaceflight environment requires adaptive changes that are both governed and displayed by alterations in gene expression. The comparison of intact plants with cultures of undifferentiated cells confirms a second hypothesis: undifferentiated cells can detect spaceflight in the absence of specialized tissue or organized developmental structures known to detect gravity.", "release_date": "2012-03-08", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-17/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Organism Part" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "organism part" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "STS-131" ], "flight_programs": [ "Space Transportation System (STS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Robert Agata Anna-Lisa J K Ferl Zupanska Paul" ], "publication_title": "Spaceflight Transcriptomes: Unique Responses to a Novel Environment" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-18", "osd_num": 18, "identifiers": "GLDS-18", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-18", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/18", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/18" } }, "overview": { "title": "Microarray Profile of Gene Expression during Osteoclast Differentiation in Modeled Microgravity", "description": "Microgravity leads to a 10-15% loss of bone mass in astronauts during space flight. Osteoclast is the multinucleated bone resorbing cell. In this study, we used NASA developed ground based Rotary Wall Vessel Bioreactor (RWV), Rotary Cell Culture System (RCCS) to simulate microgravity (uXg) conditions and demonstrated a significant increase (2-fold) in osteoclastogenesis compared to ground based control (Xg) mouse bone marrow cultures. We further determined the gene expression profiling of RAW 264.7 osteoclast progenitor cells in microgravity by agilent microarray analysis. Gene expression pattern was functional group clustered by transcriptome analysis using gene ontology tree machine (GOTM) for cell proliferation/survival, differentiation and function. We confirm the microgravity modulated gene expression critical for osteoclast differentiation by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis in murine bone marrow cultures. We identify transcription factors such as c-Jun, c-Fos, PU-1 critical for osteoclast differentiation is up-regulated in microgravity conditions. In addition, microgravity resulted in 2.3 and 2.0-fold increase in the level of cathepsin K and MMP-9 matrix metalloproteinase expression in preosteoclast cells involved in the bone resorption process respectively. We also demonstrate a significant increase in the expression levels of M-CSF receptor, c-Fms and PLCy2 and S100A8 molecules that play an important role in Ca2+ signaling essential for osteoclast function. Further, microgravity stimulated preosteoclast cells showed elevated cytosolic Ca2+ levels compared to ground based control cells. Thus, microgravity regulated gene expression profiling in preosteoclast cells provide new insights in to molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets of osteoclast differentiation/activation responsible for bone loss and fracture risk in astronauts during space flight mission. Microgravity associated with space flight is a challenge for normal bone homeostasis. Astronauts experience 10-15% bone loss during a space flight mission. We aimed to determine the effect of simulated microgravity on osteoclast preosteoclasts cells. RAW264.7 cells (1.5 x 106 /ml) were loaded in RCCS with DMEM containing 10% FBS for 24 h. The cells were stimulated with RANKL (80ng/ml) for 24 h to obtain preosteoclasts in parallel with ground based control cells. Total RNA was isolated using RNAzol reagent (Biotecx Labs, Houston, TX) from control (Xg) and microgravity (uXg) subjected cells and hybridized with Agilent whole mouse genome 4x44K array system. Slides were washed and scanned on an Agilent G2565 microarray scanner. Data obtained were analyzed with Agilent feature extraction and GeneSpring GX v7.3.1 software packages (Genus biosystem, Inc. Northbrook, IL, USA).", "release_date": "2010-04-07", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-18/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Microgravity Simulation" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Yuvaraj Michael Sakamuri Giffin Srinivasan Jeremy Ted V J A Sambandam Falduto Reddy Dautridge Shanmugarajan Blanchard Bateman" ], "publication_title": "Microarray profile of gene expression during osteoclast differentiation in modelled microgravity." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-19", "osd_num": 19, "identifiers": "GLDS-19", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-19", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/19", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/19" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcription profiling of rat to study the effect of hindlimb unloading on healing of medial collateral ligaments 3 weeks after injury", "description": "A recent physiological study established that hindlimb unloading of rats at 3 and 7 weeks inhibits healing of injured ligaments, resulting in a badly aligned, discontinuous collagen matrix. Using tissue from these rats, we focused on the 3-week time point employing microarray analysis to identify what cellular processes or lack of processes could account for these observed deficiencies. We used the Affymetrix RG_U34A GeneChip and performed image analysis with Microarray Suite 5.0. For normalization we used the MAS global normalization protocol with a default target mean signal of 500. Gene expression in medial collateral ligament tissue under 4 different treatment conditions was measured: loaded control, loaded wound healing, unloaded control, and unloaded wound healing. From our results, it appears that unloaded tissue lags behind loaded tissue in its progression through the healing process and at 3 weeks is still engaged in the proliferative phase, whereas loaded tissue is actively remodeling its collagen matrix.", "release_date": "2004-03-10", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-19/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Rattus norvegicus" ], "material_types": [ "Medial collateral ligament" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Hindlimb Unloading", "Treatment" ], "types": [ "Hindlimb Suspension", "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Steven Strasnick" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-20", "osd_num": 20, "identifiers": "GLDS-20", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-20", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/20", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/20" } }, "overview": { "title": "Candida albicans response to spaceflight (NASA STS-115)", "description": "This study presents the first global transcriptional profiling and phenotypic characterization of the major human opportunistic fungal pathogen, Candida albicans, grown in spaceflight conditions. Microarray analysis revealed that C. albicans subjected to short-term spaceflight culture differentially regulated 454 genes compared to synchronous ground controls, which represented 8.4% of the analyzed ORFs. Spaceflight-cultured C. albicans induced genes involved in cell aggregation (similar to flocculation), which was validated by microscopic and flow cytometry analysis. We also observed enhanced random budding of spaceflight-cultured cells as opposed to more normal bipolar budding patterns for ground samples, in accordance with the gene expression data. Furthermore, genes involved in antifungal agent and stress resistance were differentially regulated in spaceflight, including induction of ABC transporters and members of the major facilitator family, downregulation of ergosterol-encoding genes, and upregulation of genes involved in oxidative stress resistance. Finally, downregulation of genes involved in the actin cytoskeleton was observed. Interestingly, the transcriptional regulator Cap1 and over 30% of the Cap1 regulon was differentially expressed in spaceflight-cultured C. albicans. A potential role for Cap1 in the spaceflight response of C. albicans is suggested, as this regulator is involved in random budding, cell aggregation, actin cytoskeleton, and oxidative stress resistance; all related to observed spaceflight-associated changes of C. albicans. While culture of C. albicans in microgravity potentiates a global change in gene expression that could induce a virulence-related phenotype, no increased virulence in a murine intraperitoneal (i.p.) infection model was observed. This study represents an important basis for the assessment of the risk that commensal flora could play during spaceflight missions. Furthermore, since the low fluid-shear environment of microgravity is relevant to physical forces encountered by pathogens during the infection process, insights gained from this study could identify novel infectious disease mechanisms, with downstream benefits for the general public. Cells were grown for 24 hours on the space shuttle or as ground-based controls, preserved in RNALater, and stored at -80C. Four samples of each flight- and ground-based controls were harvested for microarray analysis. GAP is Group Activation Pack and each GAP contains 8 FPAs. The numbers represent the # assigned to the particular GAP and the number assigned to the specific FPA (1-8) within the indicated GAP. The same hardware is used for the flight samples and the ground samples.", "release_date": "2013-11-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-20/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Candida albicans" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "spotted DNA-cDNA" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "STS-115" ], "flight_programs": [ "Space Transportation System (STS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Sheila Aurelie Nielsen Crabbe" ], "publication_title": "Spaceflight enhances cell\naggregation and random budding in Candida albicans." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-21", "osd_num": 21, "identifiers": "GLDS-21", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-21", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/21", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/21" } }, "overview": { "title": "Effects of spaceflight on murine skeletal muscle gene expression", "description": "Spaceflight results in a number of adaptations to skeletal muscle, including atrophy and shifts towards faster muscle fiber types. To identify changes in gene expression that may underlie these adaptations, microarray expression analysis was performed on gastrocnemius from mice flown on the STS-108 shuttle flight (11 days, 19 hours) versus mice maintained on earth for the same period. Additionally, to identify changes that were due to unloading and reloading, microarray analyses were conducted on calf muscle from ground-based mice subjected to hindlimb suspension (12 days) and mice subjected to hindlimb suspension plus a brief period of reloading (3.5 hours) to simulate the time between landing and sacrifice of the spaceflight mice.", "release_date": "2008-12-28", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-21/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Gastrocnemius", "calf muscle" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Hindlimb Unloading", "Time", "Tissue" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Hindlimb Suspension", "time", "tissue" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "STS-108" ], "flight_programs": [ "Space Transporation System (STS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Marshall Space Flight Center", "people": [ "Jeremy Barth" ], "publication_title": "Effects of spaceflight on murine skeletal muscle gene expression. A microRNA signature and TGF-β1 response were identified as the key master regulators for spaceflight response Global transcriptomic analysis suggests carbon dioxide as an environmental stressor in spaceflight: A systems biology GeneLab case study" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-22", "osd_num": 22, "identifiers": "GLDS-22", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-22", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/22", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/22" } }, "overview": { "title": "Root transcriptome remodeling of Arabidopsis in response to high levels of magnesium sulfate", "description": "Martian regolith (unconsolidated surface material) is a potential medium for plant growth in bioregenerative life support systems during manned missions on Mars. However, hydrated magnesium sulfate mineral levels in the regolith of Mars can reach as high as 10 wt%, and would be expected to be highly inhibitory to plant growth. A global approach was used to identify novel genes with potential to enhance tolerance to high MgSO4 stress. The early Arabidopsis root transcriptome response to elevated concentrations of magnesium sulfate was characterized in col-0, and also between col-0 and the mutant line cax1-1 – a mutant relatively tolerant of high levels of MgSO4•7H2O in soil solution.", "release_date": "2017-09-17", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-22/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [ "Plant Roots" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "soil environment exposure", "Time", "Genotype" ], "types": [ "soil environment exposure", "time", "Genotype" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Ann Anna-Lisa Matias Charles Andrew Robert M L C J Visscher Paul Kirst Guy Schuerger Ferl" ], "publication_title": "Growth performance and root transcriptome remodeling of Arabidopsis in response to Mars-like levels of magnesium sulfate." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-25", "osd_num": 25, "identifiers": "GLDS-25", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-25", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/25", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/25" } }, "overview": { "title": "STS-135 Liver Transcriptomics", "description": "Mice were flown onboard STS-135 and returned to Earth for analysis. Livers were collected within 3-4 hours of landing and snap frozen in liquid nitrogen. Samples were shipped to UCI Genomics High Throughput Facility for analysis.", "release_date": "2015-10-29", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-25/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Liver" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "STS-135" ], "flight_programs": [ "Space Transportation System (STS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Michael Xiao Nina Karen J Wen Pecaut Mao Nishiyama Jonscher" ], "publication_title": "Biological and metabolic response in STS-135 space-flown mouse skin. Changes in mouse thymus and spleen after return from the STS-135 mission in space. Spaceflight environment induces mitochondrial oxidative damage in ocular tissue. Spaceflight Activates Lipotoxic Pathways in Mouse Liver Is spaceflight-induced immune dysfunction linked to systemic changes in metabolism Spaceflight Activates Autophagy Programs and the Proteasome in Mouse Liver A microRNA signature and TGF-β1 response were identified as the key master regulators for spaceflight response Global transcriptomic analysis suggests carbon dioxide as an environmental stressor in spaceflight: A systems biology GeneLab case study" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-26", "osd_num": 26, "identifiers": "GLDS-26", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-26", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/26", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/26" } }, "overview": { "title": "Microbiomes of the Dust Particles Collected from the International Space Station and Spacecraft Assembly Facilities", "description": "The safety of the International Space Station (ISS) crewmembers and maintenance of ISS hardware are the primary rationale for monitoring microorganisms in this closed habitat. The composition of the microbial community of this built environment is unique due to microgravity, space radiation, and elevated carbon dioxide levels. As built environments are known to have their own microbiomes, next-generation sequencing methods have to be utilized to explore the ISS microbial profile, and use this data for further development of safety and maintenance practices. ISS vacuum cleaner bag components (surface) and vacuum cleaner bag components of two cleanrooms at Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL, Pasadena, CA) were examined. 16S rRNA gene and ITS sequencing based on the 454 platform was used to elucidate the ISS microbial diversity and explore differences between the microbiomes of the ISS and Earth-based cleanrooms.", "release_date": "2012-12-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-26/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "16S", "ITS" ], "measurement_types": [ "Amplicon Sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Roche" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Sample Location", "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Sample Location", "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-5" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Kasthuri Aleksandra Venkateswaran Checinska" ], "publication_title": "Pyrosequencing-derived bacterial, archaeal, and fungal diversity of spacecraft hardware destined for Mars. International Space Station environmental microbiome - microbial inventories of ISS filter debris. Microbiomes of the dust particles collected from the International Space Station and Spacecraft Assembly Facilities." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-27", "osd_num": 27, "identifiers": "GLDS-27", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-27", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/27", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/27" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcription profiling of Drosophila exposed to a levitation magnet for different lengths of time", "description": "Drosophila samples were exposed to the levitation magnet inside a 25mm diameter tubes with 3 ml of yeast-based Drosophila food in the bottom and a chamber of only 5 mm of height over the food. This small region is needed in order to guarantee that all the flies were located in the effective g area so a maximum of 35 to 40 imagos or pupa can be exposed to each condition per experiment. All experiments were carried out with a parallel 1g external control in a temperature regulated incubator outside the magnet. Three experiments of different duration were performed inside the magnet system to analyze the effect of strong magnetic fields and magnetic levitation during different stages of the Drosophila development", "release_date": "2010-07-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-27/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Drosophila melanogaster" ], "material_types": [ "Whole Organism" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Duration", "Sex", "Temperature", "Microgravity Simulation" ], "types": [ "duration", "sex", "temperature", "Weightlessness Simulation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "ESA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Raul Herranz" ], "publication_title": "Microgravity simulation by diamagnetic levitation:\neffects of a strong gradient magnetic field on the transcriptional profile of\nDrosophila melanogaster." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-28", "osd_num": 28, "identifiers": "GLDS-28", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-28", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/28", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/28" } }, "overview": { "title": "Bacillus subtilis spores, PROTECT experiment, Space-exposed and Mars-exposed vs. Earth-control", "description": "Because of their ubiquity and resistance to spacecraft decontamination, bacterial spores are considered likely potential forward contaminants on robotic missions to Mars. Thus it is important to understand their global responses to long-term exposure to space or Mars environments. As part of the PROTECT experiment, spores of B. subtilis 168 were exposed to real space conditions and to simulated martian conditions for 559 days in low Earth orbit mounted on the EXPOSE-E exposure platform outside the European Columbus module on the International Space Station. Upon return, spores were germinated, total RNA extracted and fluorescently labeled, and used to probe a custom Bacillus subtilis microarray to identify genes preferentially activated or repressed relative to ground control spores. Increased transcript levels were detected for a number of stress-related regulons responding to DNA damage (SOS response, SP-beta prophage induction), protein damage (CtsR/Clp system), oxidative stress (PerR regulon) and cell envelope stress (SigV regulon). Spores exposed to space demonstrated a much broader and more severe stress response than spores exposed to simulated Mars conditions. The results are discussed in the context of planetary protection for a hypothetical journey of potential forward contaminant spores from Earth to Mars and their subsequent residence on Mars. Two-color microarrays were performed comparing germination of Space-exposed or Mars-exposed vs. ground-control (Earth) spores.", "release_date": null, "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-28/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "environment exposure", "gravitation" ], "types": [ "Extraterrestrial Environment", "Gravitation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "STS-122 STS-128" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "ESA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Wayne L Nicholson" ], "publication_title": "Transcription responses of germinating Bacillus subtilis spores exposed to 1.5 years of space and simulated Martian conditions on the EXPOSE-E experiment PROTECT" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-29", "osd_num": 29, "identifiers": "GLDS-29", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-29", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/29", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/29" } }, "overview": { "title": "Genechip analysis of bone marrow osteoprogenitors exposed to microgravity", "description": "In March 2006, murine Bone Marrow Stromal Cells (BMSC) were flown in the Soyuz 12S to the International Space Station to investigate the effects of microgravity on their osteogenic potential in a three-dimensional environment. BMSC were grown in porous bioceramic Skelite disks (dia 9 mm x T 1.2 mm). The constructs were exposed to microgravity for ca. 8 days, then fixed for RNA extraction. While the flight experiment was performed in fully automated hardware inside the KUBIK incubator, one group of control samples were incubated inside manually operated hardwares (flight control), and the other control group was incubated under routine laboratory conditions (lab control). The altered gene expression profile was analyzed by Mouse Gene 1.0 ST array (Affymetrix) representing whole-transcript coverage. Each one of the 28853 genes is represented on the array by approximately 26 probes spread across the full length of the gene, providing a more complete and more accurate picture of gene expression than the 3' based expression array design. A few days of microgravity were sufficient to determinate, at least at the molecular level, an effect in the BMSC; this response expressed a stress condition able to determinate consequences on several compartments and cellular functions. In particular, it seems to promote a gene expression, known to be associated with neurogenic activity (e.g. axon guidance), perhaps promoting the BMSC capability to be committed in that direction. The osteo-induction, by dexamethasone-based medium, due to the short duration of stimulation, did not have the possibility to manifest itself at the phenotypic level but only partially at the molecular level.", "release_date": "2010-10-15", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-29/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Treatment", "Altered Gravity" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "treatment", "Gravity", "Altered" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "ESA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Natalija Ranieri Yi Federico Massimiliano Pujic Cancedda Liu Tortelli Monticone" ], "publication_title": "Activation of nervous system development genes in bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells following spaceflight exposure." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-30", "osd_num": 30, "identifiers": "GLDS-30", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-30", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/30", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/30" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcription profiling of mouse osteoblasts under static vs simulated microgravity", "description": "The total RNA was extracted from 2T3 pre-osteoblast cells exposed to static or simulated microgravity (Rotating Wall Vessel) conditions. The RNA was then sent to Affymetrix microarray core facility at Baylor College of Medicine (Houston, TX) for microarray analysis.", "release_date": "2008-06-13", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-30/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Microgravity Simulation" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Mamta Patel" ], "publication_title": "Identification of mechanosensitive genes in osteoblasts by comparative microarray studies using the rotating wall vessel and the random positioning machine." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-31", "osd_num": 31, "identifiers": "GLDS-31", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-31", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/31", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/31" } }, "overview": { "title": "Experimental design and environmental parameters affect Rhodospirillum rubrum S1H response to space flight.", "description": "In view of long-haul space exploration missions, the European Space Agency initiated the Micro-Ecological Life Support System Alternative (MELiSSA) project targeting the total recycling of organic waste produced by the astronauts into oxygen, water and food using a loop of bacterial and higher plant bioreactors. In that purpose, the alpha-proteobacterium, Rhodospirillum rubrum S1H, was sent twice to the International Space Station and was analyzed post-flight using a newly developed R. rubrum whole genome oligonucleotide microarray and high throughput gel-free proteomics with Isotope-Coded Protein Label technology. Moreover, in an effort to identify a specific response of R. rubrum S1H to space flight, simulation of microgravity and space-ionizing radiation were performed on Earth under identical culture set-up and growth conditions as encountered during the actual space journeys. Transcriptomic and proteomic data were integrated and permitted to put forward the importance of medium composition and culture set-up on the response of the bacterium to space flight-related environmental conditions. In addition, we showed for the first time that a low dose of ionizing radiation (2 mGy) can induce a significant response at the transcriptomic level, although no change in cell viability and only a few significant differentially expressed proteins were observed. From the MELiSSA perspective, we could argue the effect of microgravity to be minimized, whereas R. rubrum S1H could be more sensitive to ionizing radiation during long-term space exploration mission.", "release_date": null, "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-31/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Rhodospirillum rubrum" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "SCKCEN Genomic Platform" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Ionizing Radiation", "Microgravity Simulation" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "ionizing radiation", "Weightlessness Simulation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "Soyuz TMA-3 launch Soyuz TMA-2 return" ], "flight_programs": [ "ISS" ], "space_programs": [ "ESA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Natalie Felice Rob Baptiste M Abderrafi Ann Max Filip Larissa Ruddy Leys Mastroleo Van Houdt Leroy Benotmane Janssen Mergeay Vanhavere Hendrickx Wattiez" ], "publication_title": "Experimental design and environmental parameters affect Rhodospirillum rubrum S1H response to space flight." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-32", "osd_num": 32, "identifiers": "GLDS-32", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-32", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/32", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/32" } }, "overview": { "title": "Effect of microgravity on brain gene expression in mice", "description": "Changes in gravitational force such as that experienced by astronauts during space flight induce a redistribution of fluids from the caudad to the cephalad portion of the body together with an elimination of normal head-to-foot hydrostatic pressure gradients. To assess brain gene profile changes associated with microgravity and fluid shift, a large-scale analysis of mRNA expression levels was performed in the brains of 2 weeks control and hindlimb-unloaded (HU) mice using cDNA microarrays. Although to different extent, all functional categories displayed significantly regulated genes indicating that considerable transcriptomic alterations are induced by HU. Interestingly, the TIC class (transport of small molecules and ions into the cells) had the highest percentage of up-regulated genes, while the most down-regulated genes were those of the JAE class (Cell junction, Adhesion, Extracellular Matrix). TIC genes comprised 16% of those whose expression was altered, including sodium channel, nonvoltage-gated 1 beta (Scnn1b), glutamate receptor (Grin1), voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (Vdac1), calcium channel beta 3 subunit (Cacnb3) and others. The analysis performed by GeneMAPP revealed several altered protein classes and functional pathways such as blood coagulation and immune response, learning and memory, ion channels and cell junction. In particular, data indicate that HU causes an alteration in hemostasis which resolves in a shift toward a more hyper-coagulative state with an increased risk of venous thrombosis. Furthermore, HU treatment seems to impact on key steps of synaptic plasticity and learning processes. We used brains of four control (C1, C2, C3, C4) and four tail-suspended hindlimb-unloaded (E1, E2, E3, E4) mice to ensure statistical relevance of the study. 60 ug of total RNA extracted in TRIzol from each brain was reversed transcribed into labeled cDNAs using fluorescent Cy5 or Cy3-dUTP (Amersham Biosciences, NJ). Differently labeled cDNAs obtained from a pair of biological replicas were co-hybridized overnight at 50C with a microscope slide spotted with ~ 27,000 mouse cDNA sequences produced by the Microarray Core Facility of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in the multiple yellow design (i.e.: C1C2, C3C4, E1E2, E3E4), described in Iacobas DA, Fan C, Iacobas S et al., Transcriptomic changes in developing kidney exposed to chronic hypoxia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 349(1):329-38).", "release_date": "2008-08-07", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-32/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Brain" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Hindlimb Unloading" ], "types": [ "Hindlimb Suspension" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Dumitru Antonio Dumitru Sanda Grazia Jean Diana Maria David Andrei A P F C C Iacobas Frigeri Iacobas Iacobas Nicchia Desaphy Camerino Svelto Spray" ], "publication_title": "Effect of microgravity on gene expression in mouse brain." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-33", "osd_num": 33, "identifiers": "GLDS-33", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-33", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/33", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/33" } }, "overview": { "title": "Gene responses in mouse brain to long-term exposure to microgravity", "description": "The spaceflight experiment was carried out using male C57BL/10J mice (8 weeks old at launch). Wild type mice (n equals 3) were launched by Space Shuttle Discovery and housed on the International Space Station (ISS) for 91 days. They returned to the Earth by Space Shuttle Atlantis. But only one mouse returned to the Earth alive. Whole brain was sampled from the mouse killed by inhalation of carbon dioxide at the Life Sciences Support Facility of Kennedy Space Center within 3-4 hours after landing. After the spaceflight experiment, the on-ground experiment was also carried out at the Advanced Biotechnology Center in Genova, Italy. A mouse with the same species, sex, and age was housed in mice drawer system (MDS), which was utilized for the spaceflight (SF) mice, for 3 months as the ground control (GC). Another mouse was housed in normal vivarium cage as the laboratory control (LC). Amount of food and water supplementation and environmental conditions were simulated as the flight group. After 3 months, brain was sampled from one mouse in group GC and LC, respectively. Comprehensive analyses of gene expression were performed in the right brain. Total of 4,000 genes were analyzed. The expression levels of 60 genes significantly changed in response to SF compared with LC and/or GC. The 15 and 16 genes were up- (greater than 2 folds) and down-regulated (less than 0.5 folds), respectively, following SF vs. GC. The levels of 58 genes were significantly altered by housing in MDS in space and/or on the ground. Forty seven and 11 genes were significantly up- and down-regulated vs. LC. Twenty seven out of these genes responded to caging in MDS both in space and on the ground. Further, 31 genes were influenced by housing in MDS on the Earth. Responses of the characteristics of brain to long-term gravitational unloading were investigated in mice.", "release_date": "2012-09-13", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-33/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Brain" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "CustomArray" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Cage" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "animal cage" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "STS-128" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "JAXA", "ESA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Yoshinobu Takashi Ohira Ohira" ], "publication_title": "Evaluation of gene, protein and neurotrophin expression in the brain of mice exposed to space environment for 91 days." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-34", "osd_num": 34, "identifiers": "GLDS-34", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-34", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/34", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/34" } }, "overview": { "title": "Environmental and simulation facility conditions can modulate a behavioral-driven altered gravity response of Drosophila imagoes transcriptome", "description": "Genome-wide transcriptional profiling shows that reducing gravity levels in the International Space Station (ISS) causes important alterations in Drosophila gene expression. However, simulation experiments on ground, without space constraints, show weaker effects than space environment. A global and integrative analysis using the gene expression dynamics inspector (GEDI) self-organizing maps, reveals a subtle response of the transcriptome using different populations and microgravity and hypergravity simulation devices. These results suggest that, in addition to behavioural responses that can be detected also at the gene expression level, the transcriptome is finely tuned to normal gravity. The alteration of this constant parameter on Earth can have effects on gene expression that depends both on the environmental conditions and the ground based facility used to compensate the gravity vector. Alternative and commons effects of mechanical facilities, like the Random Positioning Machine and a centrifuge, and strong magnetic field ones, like a cryogenically cooled superconductive magnet, are discussed. We compare the effects over the gene expression profile of different sex/age Drosophila imagoes in 3-4 days-long experiments under altered gravity conditions into three GBF (Ground Based Facilities for micro/hyper- gravity simulation) using whole genome microarray platforms. Descriptions of different GBFs (treatments): LDC means Large Diameter Centrifuge. Samples can be placed under three conditions: inside LDC (at certain g level), at the LDC rotational control and at external 1g control (outside the LDC). RPM means Random Positioning Machine. Samples can be placed under two conditions: inside RPM (at nearly 0g, Microgravity level) and at external 1g control (outside the RPM). At the magnet, means INSIDE the Magnetic levitator (another GBF). Samples can be placed under four conditions: inside Magnet 0g* (at microgravity with magnetic field), inside Magnet at 1g* (internal control with magnetic field) or inside the magnet 2g* (at hypergravity with magnetic field) and at external 1g control (outside the magnet)", "release_date": "2013-06-26", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-34/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Drosophila melanogaster" ], "material_types": [ "Whole Organism" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Age", "Sex", "Temperature", "Altered Gravity", "Altered Gravity Simulator" ], "types": [ "age", "Sex", "temperature", "Gravity", "Altered", "Altered Gravity Simulator" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "Spanish Space Program" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Raul Herranz" ], "publication_title": "The behavioural-driven response of the Drosophila imago transcriptome to different types of modified gravity." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-35", "osd_num": 35, "identifiers": "GLDS-35", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-35", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/35", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/35" } }, "overview": { "title": "Expression Data from International C.elegans Experiment 1st", "description": "The effect of microgravity on gene expression in C.elegans was comprehensively analysed by DNA microarray. This is the first DNA microarray analysis for C.elegans grown under microgravity. Hyper gravity and clinorotation experiments were performed as reference against the flight experiment.", "release_date": "2012-03-31", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-35/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Caenorhabditis elegans" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Altered Gravity", "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Gravity", "Altered", "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "Expedition 9" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "JAXA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Akira Mari Higashibata Imamizo" ], "publication_title": "Genes\ndown-regulated in spaceflight are involved in the control of longevity in\nCaenorhabditis elegans. Review of the results from the International C. elegans first experiment (ICE-FIRST)" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-36", "osd_num": 36, "identifiers": "GLDS-36", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-36", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/36", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/36" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcription profiling of Drosophila after exposure to microgravity in the International Space Station and in a microgravity simulator", "description": "Larvae-Pupae transition flies (Drosophila) were recovered and transport for 3 days at 12-14C to arrest development until the launch site, then exposed to RT (18-20C) for some hours including the launch and trip to the International Space Station, then pupae were exposed to microgravity in the ISS for 4 days and a half at 22C. Finally pupae were fixed on acetone and frozen until recovery on Earth. Four groups of samples: 1 ISS (+ground control) as described, 2 RPM (microgravity simulator on Earth) as described, 3 RPM without constrains (No MAMBA container and only 5 days exposure without cold transport) and 4 centrifuge 10g without constrains control.", "release_date": "2010-07-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-36/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Drosophila melanogaster" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Altered Gravity", "Treatment", "Spaceflight", "Altered Gravity Simulator" ], "types": [ "Gravity", "Altered", "treatment", "Space Flight", "Altered Gravity Simulator" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "Soyuz TMA-2 Soyuz TMA-3" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "ESA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Raul Herranz" ], "publication_title": "Spaceflight-related suboptimal conditions can accentuate\nthe altered gravity response of Drosophila transcriptome." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-37", "osd_num": 37, "identifiers": "GLDS-37", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-37", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/37", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/37" } }, "overview": { "title": "Comparison of the spaceflight transcriptome of four commonly used Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes", "description": "This experiment compared the spaceflight transcriptomes of four commonly used natural variants (ecotypes) of Arabidopsis thaliana using RNAseq. In nature, Arabidopsis is a native of Europe/Asia/Northwestern Africa and is found across the globe growing in a wide range of environments. The geographical spread of these various populations has led to a slow divergence leading to distinct ecotypes. Understanding the impact of this ecotypic variability is an important factor when using Arabidopsis as a model. Seeds of the ecotypes Col_0, Ler-2, Ws-2 and Cvi-0 were flown to the International Space Station as part of CRS-4 mission in the Biological Research in Canister (BRIC) hardware. The seeds were germinated on orbit, grown for 8 days and then fixed in RNAlater and frozen in the MELFI freezer for return to Earth. Once returned RNA was isolated and RNAseq performed to catalog the transcriptional patterns of the plants grown in space. An identical set of samples were grown in parallel on the ground to provide controls to allow assessment of transcriptional changes specifically associated with the spaceflight environment. This data release includes 48 out of 56 sample expression files with the remaining 8 files to be released at a later date.", "release_date": "2015-11-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-37/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [ "Seedlings" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Ecotype" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "ecotype" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-4" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Simon Won-Gyu Sarah Richard J J Gilroy Choi Swanson Barker" ], "publication_title": "Variation in the transcriptome of different ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana reveals signatures of oxidative stress in plant responses to spaceflight Test of Arabidopsis Space Transcriptome: A Discovery Environment to Explore Multiple Plant Biology Spaceflight Experiments" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-38", "osd_num": 38, "identifiers": "GLDS-38", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-38", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/38", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/38" } }, "overview": { "title": "Proteomics and Transcriptomics analysis of Arabidopsis Seedlings in Microgravity", "description": "On Earth plants are constantly exposed to a gravitational field of 1G. Gravity affects a plant in every step of its development. Germinating seedlings orient their radicle and hypocotyl and growing plants position organs at a specific Gravitropic Set-point Angle dictated by the asymmetric distribution of auxin depending on the gravity vector. Hence gravitropism is one of the fundamental growth responses in plants. For any experiment studying the effects of gravity on plants, the ultimate control is the microgravity in space. In this study, Arabidopsis seeds were flown to the International Space Station and allowed to germinate and grow for 3 days in microgravity. Arabidopsis Wild Type Col-0 seeds were plated onto twenty-two 60mm Petri plates, loaded into PDFUs and inserted 4 Biological Research in Canisters (BRICs). Approximately 800 seeds were sterilized, plated on each 60mm Petri plates and cold stratified for 16 hours followed by 2 hours of white light treatment. The BRICs were maintained at 4C until spaceflight to ensure seed germination in microgravity. After 3 days of germination and growth, the seedlings were fixed by injecting RNAlater into the chamber. They were kept at ambient temperature for 12 hours followed by freezing at -80C. An additional 22 plates were used as ground controls. After the spaceflight, tissue from five plates was pooled to make each of three replicates. Both membrane and soluble proteins were extracted from the pooled seedlings. Proteins were trypsin digested, labelled with iTRAQ and identified using tandem mass spectrometry.", "release_date": null, "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-38/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry", "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein expression profiling", "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "LTQ-Orbitrap Velos Pro", "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Sample Preservation Method" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Preservation", "Biological" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-5" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Sarah E. Wyatt" ], "publication_title": "Transcriptome and proteome responses in RNAlater preserved tissue of Arabidopsis thaliana. Growth in spaceflight hardware results in alterations to the transcriptome and proteome. Methods for on-orbit germination of Arabidopsis thaliana for proteomic analysis. Proteomic approaches and their application to plant gravitropism. Spaceflight induces novel regulatory responses in Arabidopsis seedling as revealed by combined proteomic and transcriptomic analyses Test of Arabidopsis Space Transcriptome: A Discovery Environment to Explore Multiple Plant Biology Spaceflight Experiments" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-39", "osd_num": 39, "identifiers": "GLDS-39", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-39", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/39", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/39" } }, "overview": { "title": "BASE-A space experiment with Rhodospirillum rubrum S1H", "description": "R. rubrum S1H inoculated on solid minimal media was sent to the ISS in September 2006 (BASE-A experiment). After 10 days flight R. rubrum cultures returned back to Earth. These cultures were then subjected to both transcriptomic and proteomic analysis and compared with the corresponding ground control. Whole-genome oligonucleotide microarray and high throughput proteomics which offer the possibility to survey respectively the global transcriptional and translational response of an organism were used to test the effect of space flight. Moreover in an effort to identify a specific stress response of R. rubrum to space flight ground simulation of space ionizing radiation and space gravity were performed under identical culture setup and growth conditions encountered during the actual space journey. This study is unique in combining the results from an actual space experiment with the corresponding space ionizing radiation and modeled microgravity ground simulations which lead to a more solid dissection of the different factors contribution acting in space flight conditions. Total RNA was extracted from R. rubrum S1H grown after 10 days in space flight or after 10 days in simulated ionizing radiation or simulated microgravity. Each microarray slide contained 3 technical repeats.", "release_date": "2009-06-30", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/genelab/img/GLDS39__study_image.png" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Rhodospirillum rubrum" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [] }, "factors": { "names": [ "spaceflight", "gravity" ], "types": [ "Gravitation", "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "Soyuz TMA-3 launch Soyuz TMA-2 return" ], "flight_programs": [ "ISS" ], "space_programs": [ "ESA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "NA", "people": [ "Natalie Leys" ], "publication_title": "Experimental design and environmental parameters affect Rhodospirillum rubrum S1H response to space flight." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-40", "osd_num": 40, "identifiers": "GLDS-40", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-40", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/40", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/40" } }, "overview": { "title": "Gene expression profiling of C. elegans under various thermal conditions", "description": "To realistically evaluate the effects of the environment in space, it is necessary to understand the effects of external factors during sample transport from Earth to space. The present study focused on temperature, profiling the altered gene expression that develops under low cultivation temperatures in C. elegans, used as a space life science model. The 7903 genes were selected as differentially expressed genes, and divided into five sets with similar expression patterns using k-means clustering. Results from Gene Ontology analysis are significantly indicated that the cell cycle related genes, and the TGFbeta/insulin-like signal pathway related genes changed. The TGFbeta/insulin-like signal pathway is expected to be activated due to low temperatures, as well as by other stressors. To determine the genes whose expression changed four thermal conditions (10, 15, 20, and 25 C), DNA microarray analysis was performed. The data consisted of 12 samples, consisting of three biological replicates at each temperature.", "release_date": null, "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-40/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Caenorhabditis elegans" ], "material_types": [ "Whole Organism" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Housing Temperature" ], "types": [ "Housing Temperature" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "JAXA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Noriaki Toko Akira Ishioka Hashizume Higashibata" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-41", "osd_num": 41, "identifiers": "GLDS-41", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-41", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/41", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/41" } }, "overview": { "title": "Microgravity effect on C. elegans N2/VC (CERISE, 8days)", "description": "Microgravity effect on C. elegans gene expression was analysed by whole genome microarray. The worms were cultivated under microgravity for 8 days in the Japanese Module of the International Space Station. The samples of this study were divided three experimental groups: 1. microgravity for 8 days 2. artificial 1G control for 8 days on orbit 3. ground 1G control for 8 days This study was repeated with three biological and two technical replicates.", "release_date": null, "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-41/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Caenorhabditis elegans" ], "material_types": [ "Whole Organism" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Altered Gravity" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Gravity", "Altered" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "STS-129" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "JAXA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Akira Toko Higashibata Hashizume" ], "publication_title": "C. elegans RNAi space experiment (CERISE) in Japanese Experiment\nModule KIBO. The effectiveness of RNAi in Caenorhabditis elegans is maintained during spaceflight." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-42", "osd_num": 42, "identifiers": "GLDS-42", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-42", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/42", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/42" } }, "overview": { "title": "Expression data from C. elegans", "description": "We used microarrays to investigate the effects of microgravity and space radiation on the genome-wide expression of the C. elegans. Three technical replicates of wild type C. elegans (CC1 strain) which exposed to space radiation are analyzed along with ground control.", "release_date": "2011-10-14", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-42/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Caenorhabditis elegans" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "STS-116" ], "flight_programs": [ "Space Transportation System (STS)", "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Sue-Mian N-F S M Then Jusoh Then" ], "publication_title": "Gene expression changes in space flown Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to a long period of microgravity. Comparative Transcriptomic Signature of the Simulated Microgravity Response in Caenorhabditis elegans" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-43", "osd_num": 43, "identifiers": "GLDS-43", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-43", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/43", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/43" } }, "overview": { "title": "Effect of simulated microgravity on E. coli K12 MG1655 growth and gene expression", "description": "This study demonstrates simulated microgravity effects on E. coli K 12 MG1655 when grown on LB medium supplemented with glycerol. The results imply that E. coli readily reprograms itself to combat the multiple stresses imposed due to microgravity. Under these conditions it survives by upregulating oxidative stress protecting genes and simultaneously down regulating the membrane transporters and synthases to maintain cell homeostasis. In this study, a clinostat that mimics microgravity conditions was used to investigate the effects of microgravity on E. coli grown in LB medium supplemented with glycerol to monitor the effects on growth and global gene expression using Affymetrix DNA microarrays.", "release_date": "2012-09-06", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-43/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Escherichia coli" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Microgravity Simulation" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "ISRO" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "kotakonda S K Arunasri Shivaji Arunasri" ], "publication_title": "Effect of Simulated Microgravity on E. coli K12 MG1655 Growth and Gene Expression." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-44", "osd_num": 44, "identifiers": "GLDS-44", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-44", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/44", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/44" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptomics analysis of etiolated Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings in response to microgravity", "description": "Gene expression profile of two-week-old etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings under microgravity on board space flight BRIC16 were compared with ground grown control in both wild-type and act2-3 mutant plants.", "release_date": "2015-09-15", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-44/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Genotype", "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Genotype", "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "STS-131" ], "flight_programs": [ "Space Transportation System (STS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Yuhong Elison Tang Blancaflor" ], "publication_title": "Transcriptional response of Arabidopsis seedlings during spaceflight reveals peroxidase and cell wall remodeling genes associated with root hair development. American Journal of Botany." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-45", "osd_num": 45, "identifiers": "GLDS-45", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-45", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/45", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/45" } }, "overview": { "title": "Action of microgravity on root development", "description": "Arabidopsis were grown on horizontal or vertical clinostat for 4, 8 or 12 days. Seedlings on horizontal clinostat were in simulated microgravity and seedlings on vertical clinostat are considered as a control. Comparison was made between plants grown on simulated microgravitry and vertical position. 6 dye-swap - treated vs untreated comparison", "release_date": null, "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-45/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Microgravity Simulation", "Time" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Soubigou-Taconnat Sandrine Eugenie Marie-Laure Ludivine Balzergue Carnero diaz Martin-Magniette" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-46", "osd_num": 46, "identifiers": "GLDS-46", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-46", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/46", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/46" } }, "overview": { "title": "Gamma radiation and HZE treatment of seedlings in Arabidopsis", "description": "Plants exhibit a robust transcriptional response to gamma radiation which includes the induction of transcripts required for homologous recombination and the suppression of transcripts that promote cell cycle progression. Various DNA damaging agents induce different spectra of DNA damage as well as collateral damage to other cellular components and therefore are not expected to provoke identical responses by the cell. Here we study the effects of two different types of ionizing radiation (IR) treatment, HZE (1 GeV Fe26+ high mass, high charge, and high energy relativistic particles) and gamma photons, on the transcriptome of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Both types of IR induce small clusters of radicals that can result in the formation of double strand breaks (DSBs), but HZE also produces linear arrays of extremely clustered damage. We performed these experiments across a range of time points (1.5-24 h after irradiation) in both wild-type plants and in mutants defective in the DSB-sensing protein kinase ATM. The two types of IR exhibit a shared double strand break-repair-related damage response, although they differ slightly in the timing, degree, and ATM-dependence of the response. The ATM-dependent, DNA metabolism-related transcripts of the DSB response were also induced by other DNA damaging agents, but were not induced by conventional stresses. Both Gamma and HZE irradiation induced, at 24 h post-irradiation, ATM-dependent transcripts associated with a variety of conventional stresses; these were overrepresented for pathogen response, rather than DNA metabolism. In contrast, only HZE-irradiated plants, at 1.5 h after irradiation, exhibited an additional and very extensive transcriptional response, shared with plants experiencing extended night. This response was not apparent in gamma-irradiated plants. We treated 5-day-old WT and atm-1 seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana with 100 Gy of Gamma radiation (over a span of 15 minutes) or 30 Gy of HZE (over a span of approximately 12 minutes). Gamma irradiations were completed at 8:40 am, while HZE irradiations were conducted in two runs (due to space limitations) which were completed at 1:09 and 1:28pm respectively. Gamma treated seedlings were sampled at 10:10 am, 11:40 am, 2:55 pm, 8:40 pm, and 8:40 am. HZE treated seedlings were sampled at 2:39 pm, 4:09 pm, 7:24 pm, 1:09 am, and 1:09 pm. Un-irradiated WT and atm-1 control seedlings were sampled at 10:45 am on Day #1 and 9:15 am on Day #2. There are a total of 22 experimental or control conditions, with two replicates per condition, yielding 44 samples overall.", "release_date": "2014-09-18", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-46/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Exposure Duration", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment", "Genotype", "Age", "Absorbed Radiation Dose" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "Exposure Duration", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment", "Genotype", "age", "absorbed radiation dose" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Anne Kevin Neil Victor Phillip M D A Britt Culligan Huefner Missirian Conklin" ], "publication_title": "High atomic weight, high-energy radiation (HZE) induces transcriptional responses shared with conventional stresses in addition to a core ''DSB'' response specific to clastogenic treatments. Corrigendum: High atomic weight, high-energy radiation (HZE) induces transcriptional responses shared with conventional stresses in addition to a core “DSB” response specific to clastogenic treatments" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-47", "osd_num": 47, "identifiers": "GLDS-47 LSDS-29", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-47", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/47", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/47" } }, "overview": { "title": "Rodent Research-1 (RR1) National Lab Validation Flight: Mouse liver transcriptomic, proteomic, epigenomic and histology data", "description": "The Rodent Reasearch-1 National Lab (RR-1 CASIS) experiment was performed to study the effect of microgravity on muscle wasting. RNA, DNA, and protein were purified from RR-1 CASIS (the Center for the Advancement of Science in Space) liver samples. Groups included: Flight (FLT) dissected on-orbit (21 or 22 days after launch); age-matched Ground Controls (GC); and Basal Controls (BC, euthanized at time of launch). RNA-Seq, whole genome BS-Seq (bisulfite sequencing) and proteomic expression profiling were performed.", "release_date": "2015-12-15", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-47/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Liver" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)", "mass spectrometry", "Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing", "Microscopy" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling", "protein expression profiling", "DNA methylation profiling", "Molecular Cellular Imaging" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina", "LTQ Orbitrap Velos(Thermo Scientific)", "Pannoramic Scan (3D Histech)" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-4" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan Sam Ruth M Galazka Cadena Globus" ], "publication_title": "NASA GeneLab Platform Utilized for Biological Response to Space Radiation in Animal Models Validation of Methods to Assess the Immunoglobulin Gene Repertoire in Tissues Obtained from Mice on the International Space Station." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-48", "osd_num": 48, "identifiers": "GLDS-48 LSDS-2", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-48", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/48", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/48" } }, "overview": { "title": "Rodent Research-1 (RR1) NASA Validation Flight: Mouse liver transcriptomic, proteomic, epigenomic and histology data", "description": "Translating fundamental biological discoveries from NASA Space Biology program into health risk from space flights has been an ongoing challenge. We propose to use NASA GeneLab database to gain new knowledge on potential systemic responses to space. Unbiased systems biology analysis of transcriptomic data from seven different rodent datasets reveals for the first time the existence of potential 'master regulators' coordinating a systemic response to microgravity and/or space radiation with TGF-β1 being the most common regulator. We hypothesized the space environment leads to the release of biomolecules circulating inside the blood stream. Through datamining we identified 13 candidate microRNAs (miRNA) which are common in all studies and directly interact with TGF-β1 that can be potential circulating factors impacting space biology. This study exemplifies the utility of the GeneLab data repository to aid in the process of performing novel hypothesis-based research.", "release_date": "2015-12-15", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-48/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Liver" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)", "mass spectrometry", "Microscopy", "Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing", "Whole Transcriptome Bisulfite Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling", "protein expression profiling", "Molecular Cellular Imaging", "DNA methylation profiling", "RNA methylation profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina", "Orbitrap Fusion(Thermo Scientific)", "pannoramic scan (3d histech)" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Dissection Condition" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "dissection" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-4" ], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Ruth Oana Amanda Nicholas Samrawit Jonathan Kaushik San-Huei Rick Valery Kristen Sylvain Alec Alexis Jihan V Globus Marcu Saravia-Butler Bense Gebre Galazka Chakravarty Lai Polo Chen Boyko Peach Costes Vallota-Eastman Torres Yehia" ], "publication_title": "A microRNA signature and TGF-β1 response were identified as the key master regulators for spaceflight response. Validation of a New Rodent Experimental System to Investigate Consequences of Long Duration Space Habitation. Reproducible changes in the gut microbiome suggest a shift in microbial and host metabolism during spaceflight. Validation of Methods to Assess the Immunoglobulin Gene Repertoire in Tissues Obtained from Mice on the International Space Station." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-49", "osd_num": 49, "identifiers": "GLDS-49", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-49", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/49", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/49" } }, "overview": { "title": "Multi-omic investigations of mouse liver subjected to simulated spaceflight freezing and storage protocols", "description": "This study compares standard laboratory protocols for tissue freezing and storage with a simulation of the delayed processing of liver specimens and long-term storage protocols used during the Rodent Research-1 (RR-1) payload. Liver samples from twelve-week old female C57BL/6J mice (snap frozen vs. 25 min. slow-frozen and stored for 3 days vs. 1 year) received from the RR-1 project were processed for extraction of RNA, DNA and protein. RNA-seq, whole genome bisulfite sequencing and mass spectrometry proteomics were performed. These multi-omics datasets will help distinguish the effects of freezing and storage time that could confound the interpretation of the Rodent Research-1 datasets.", "release_date": "2016-02-04", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-49/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Liver" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)", "mass spectrometry", "Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling", "protein expression profiling", "DNA methylation profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina", "LTQ Orbitrap Velos(Thermo Scientific)" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Sample Preservation Method", "Time of Sample Collection After Euthanasia", "Sample Storage Time" ], "types": [ "Tissue Preservation", "Time of Sample Collection After Euthanasia", "Sample Storage Time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Sungshin San-Huei Hami Joshua Ruth Jonathan E S K M Choi Lai Polo Ray Alwood Globus Galazka" ], "publication_title": "Preservation of Multiple Mammalian Tissues to Maximize Science Return from Ground Based and Spaceflight Experiments" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-50", "osd_num": 50, "identifiers": "GLDS-50", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-50", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/50", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/50" } }, "overview": { "title": "Evaluation of in vitro macrophage differentiation during space flight", "description": "We differentiated mouse bone marrow cells in the presence of recombinant macrophage colony stimulating (rM-CSF) factor for 14 days during the flight of space shuttle Space Transportation System (STS)-126. We tested the hypothesis that the receptor expression for M-CSF, c-Fms was reduced. We used flow cytometry to assess molecules on cells that were preserved during flight to define the differentiation state of the developing bone marrow macrophages; including CD11b, CD31, CD44, Ly6C, Ly6G, F4/80, Mac2, c-Fos as well as c-Fms. In addition, RNA was preserved during the flight and was used to perform a gene microarray. We found that there were significant differences in the number of macrophages that developed in space compared to controls maintained on Earth. We found that there were significant changes in the distribution of cells that expressed CD11b, CD31, F4/80, Mac2, Ly6C and c-Fos. However, there were no changes in c-Fms expression and no consistent pattern of advanced or retarded differentiation during space flight. We also found a pattern of transcript levels that would be consistent with a relatively normal differentiation outcome but increased proliferation by the bone marrow macrophages that were assayed after 14 days of space flight. There also was a surprising pattern of space flight influence on genes of the coagulation pathway. These data confirm that a space flight can have an impact on the in vitro development of macrophages from mouse bone marrow cells.", "release_date": "2016-03-21", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-50/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "STS-126" ], "flight_programs": [ "Space Transportation System (STS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Stephen K. Chapes" ], "publication_title": "Evaluation of in vitro macrophage differentiation during space flight. Understanding Macrophage Differentiation During Space Flight: The Importance of Ground-Based Experiments Before Space Flight" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-51", "osd_num": 51, "identifiers": "GLDS-51", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-51", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/51", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/51" } }, "overview": { "title": "Woman skeletal muscle transcriptome with bed rest and countermeasures.", "description": "Microgravity has a dramatic impact on human physiology, illustrated in particular with skeletal muscle impairment. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms leading to loss of muscle mass and structural disorders is necessary for the definition of efficient clinical and spaceflight countermeasures. We investigated the effects of long-term bed rest on transcriptome of soleus (SOL) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles in healthy women (BRC group, n equals 8), and the potential beneficial impact of protein supplementation (BRN group, n equals 8) and of a combined resistance and aerobic training (BRE group, n equals 8). Gene expression profiles were obtained using an in-house made microarray containing 6681 muscles-relevant genes. A two-class statistical analysis was applied on the 2103 genes with consolidated expression. We identified 472 and 207 modified genes, respectively for SOL and VL in BRC group. Further clustering approaches, identifying relevant biological mechanisms or pathways, underlined five main subclusters. Three are composed almost of upregulated genes involved mainly in nucleic acid and protein metabolism, and two composed almost of downregulated genes involved in energy metabolism. Exercise countermeasure demonstrated a drastic compensatory effect, decreasing the number of differentially-expressed genes by 89 and 96% in SOL and VL. In contrast, nutrition countermeasure had a moderate effect and decreased the number of differentially-expressed genes by 40 and 25% in SOL and VL. Our results allowed reporting a systematic, global and comprehensive view of long-term woman muscle atrophy and brought new lights and insights for space environment and for women who undergo a long-term clinical bed rest. Biological samples were collected from Pre- and Post- bed rest (BR) soleus and vastus lateralis biopsies of each subject from the three groups (bed rest only: BRC; Exercise: BRE; Nutrition: BRN). six technical replicate values (2 duplicate hybridizations a et b to chips with triplicate spots xxx) were obtained for each skeletal muscle sample. Thus for each subject, 12 expression measurements (6 before BR and 6 after BR) were obtained for each muscle.", "release_date": "2010-09-10", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-51/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Skeletal Muscle Tissue" ] }, "assay": { "types": [], "measurement_types": [], "platforms": [] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Tissue", "Bed Rest", "Treatment" ], "types": [ "Tissue", "Bed Rest", "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA", "ESA", "CNES and CSA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Johnson Space Center (JSC)", "people": [ "Angele Jean-Francois Audrey Bernard Guillaume Jean Raluca Martine Richard J J Chopard Marini Bihouee Jasmin Lamirault Leger Teusan Lecunff Danger" ], "publication_title": "Large-scale mRNA analysis of female skeletal muscles during 60 days of bed rest with and without exercise or dietary protein supplementation as countermeasures." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-52", "osd_num": 52, "identifiers": "GLDS-52", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-52", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/52", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/52" } }, "overview": { "title": "Expression data from SPHINX (SPaceflight of Huvec: an INtegrated eXperiment)", "description": "Changes in the physical environment modulate cell responses and may lead to the impairment or even failure of tissue function as a result of mechanotransduction processes. It has been suggested that this situation occurs in some age-related diseases and some pathological conditions observed in space, such as cardiovascular deconditioning, bone loss, muscle atrophy, and impaired immune responses. All of these are associated with endothelial dysfunction but the precise mechanism is still unclear. We used the microarray approach to obtain insights into the mechanism responsible for endothelial dysfunction by taking advantage of the challenging environment of gravitational unloading onboard the International Space Station. The effects of gravitational unloading on HUVEC gene expression were investigated by means of cDNA microarray analyses of six randomly chosen samples (three for each of the two conditions of spaceflight and 1g) using Affymetrix Gene Human 1.0 ST Arrays", "release_date": "2013-01-20", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-52/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "Expedition 25" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "ESA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Silvia Silvia Giulia Livia Jeanette Bradamante Versari Longinotti Barenghi Maier" ], "publication_title": "The challenging\nenvironment on board the International Space Station affects endothelial cell\nfunction by triggering oxidative stress through thioredoxin interacting protein\noverexpression: the ESA-SPHINX experiment. GeneLab Database Analyses Suggest Long-Term Impact of Space Radiation on the Cardiovascular System by the Activation of FYN Through Reactive Oxygen Species" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-53", "osd_num": 53, "identifiers": "GLDS-53", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-53", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/53", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/53" } }, "overview": { "title": "Spaceflight Modulates Gene Expression in Astronauts", "description": "Astronauts are exposed to a unique combination of stressors during spaceflight, which leads to alterations in their physiology and potentially increases their susceptibility to infectious pathogens. Here we report the first microarray evaluation of any astronaut tissue sample, specifically whole blood, before and after spaceflight using an array comprising 234 well-characterized stress response genes. Differentially regulated genes included those important for DNA repair, oxidative stress, and protein folding/degradation. Microarrays comprising 234 well characterized stress-related genes were used to profile transcriptomic changes in six astronauts before and after short-duration spaceflight. Blood samples were collected for analysis from each eastronaut 10 days prior and 2-3 hours after return from spaceflight. Data submitted for platform GPL140 contain genes that have been pre-filtered by the analytical software to remove values of low certainty, resulting in missing values for some samples. Unfortunately, these original data are no longer available due to physical damage at Tulane University during hurricane Katrina, but the processed values were retained in redundant locations and these are submitted for upload to GEO.", "release_date": "2013-10-15", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-53/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Whole Blood" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "BD Biosciences Clontech" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Sex", "Time" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "sex", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Jennifer C Mark Carly Satish Phillip Duane Cheryl K A Barrila Ott LeBlanc Mehta Stafford Pierson Nickerson" ], "publication_title": "Spaceflight modulates gene expression in the whole blood of astronauts" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-54", "osd_num": 54, "identifiers": "GLDS-54", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-54", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/54", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/54" } }, "overview": { "title": "Immune responses to the in vitro LPS assault engineered in the spaceflight multi-omics study", "description": "Microgravity alters the immune response to in vitro LPS assault engineered in spaceflight: A multi-omics study Microgravity can facilitate creation of a potent environment for opportunistic infection by augmenting virulence and suppressing the host defense. Presumably, extraterrestrial infection may trigger potentially novel bionetworks different from the terrestrial equivalent, which could only be probed by investigating the host-pathogen relationship with minimum terrestrial bias. Towards this objective, we strategically engineered a cell culture module equipped with a feedback controlled semi-automated platform to expose human endothelial cells to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The assay was carried out in the STS-135 space shuttle, and a concurrent ground study constituted the baseline. Transcriptomic investigation revealed an immune blunting in microgravity; Lbp, MyD88 and MD-2 failed to encode proteins responsible for early LPS uptake. Longer exposure results implied that there was a delayed response, potentially ineffectual in preventing pathogens from opportunistically modulating the infection network. Lack of recruitment of growth factors and a debilitated apoptosome supported this potential explanation. Certain cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-8, surged in response to LPS insult in microgravity. Contrasting expressions of B2M, TIMP-1 and VEGRs suggested impaired pro-survival adaptation and healing mechanisms. The susceptibility of oxidative stress and immune regulation to microgravity compelled further investigation of the respective microRNA modulators such as miR-200a and miR-146b. These miRNAs were expressed differently in response to LPS assaults in different gravitational limits. In conclusion, despite a serious drawback attributed to the small sample size, we delineated some of the important aspects of the extraterrestrial etiology; more comprehensive follow up studies are warranted. Present study though compromised by the small sample size was able to shade lights on several aspects of immunological responses to the endotoxic assault mediated by uG. Implementing the host-pathogen interactions in the spaceflight and subsequently lysing the cells onboard presented the critical distinguishing features of the present study from the past reports. We identified the CCM of Tissue Genesis, Inc., HI as the suitable hardware system to carry out the experiment in the spaceflight. CCM is an automated, feedback controlled module that can concurrently support 24 bioreactors following protocols exclusively programmed for individual bioreactor. For this experiment we use samples EA41, EA 47, EA45, and EA155 that were exposed to LPS for 4 hours. Samples EA123, EA165, EA127, EA126 were exposed to LPS for 8Hrs. Samples EA33, EA 125, EA79 and EA 39 were controls in this experiment.", "release_date": null, "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-54/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells", "reference RNA" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Treatment", "Time" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "treatment", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "STS-135" ], "flight_programs": [ "Space Transportation System (STS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA", "DoD Space Test Program" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Meskerem Marti Rasha Allison Seid Nabarun Aarti Stacy A Jibitu Jett Hammamieh Hoke Muhie Chakraborty Gautam Miller" ], "publication_title": "An integrated omics analysis: impact of microgravity on host response to lipopolysaccharide in vitro" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-55", "osd_num": 55, "identifiers": "GLDS-55", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-55", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/55", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/55" } }, "overview": { "title": "microRNA expression profiles in human peripheral blood lymphocytes cultured in modeled microgravity", "description": "In the present study we analyzed miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) incubated in microgravity condition, simulated by a ground-based Rotating Wall Vessel (RWV) bioreactor. Our results show that 42 miRNAs were differentially expressed in MMG-incubated PBLs compared with 1g-incubated ones. Among these, miR-9-5p, miR-9-3p, miR-155-5p, miR-150-3p, and miR-378-3p were the most dysregulated. To improve the detection of functional miRNA-mRNA pairs we performed gene expression profiles on the same samples assayed for miRNA profiling and we integrated miRNA and mRNA expression data. The functional classification of miRNA-correlated genes evidenced significant enrichments in the biological processes of immune/inflammatory response, signal transduction, regulation of response to stress, regulation of programmed cell death and regulation of cell proliferation. We identified the correlation between miR-9-3p, miR-155-5p, miR-150-3p and miR-378-3p expression with that of genes involved in immune/inflammatory response (eg. IFNG and IL17F), apoptosis (eg. PDCD4 and PTEN) and cell proliferation (eg. NKX3-1 and GADD45A). Experimental assays of cell viability and apoptosis induction validated the results obtained by bioinformatics analyses demonstrating that in human PBLs the exposure to reduced gravitational force increases the frequency of apoptosis and decreases cell proliferation. microRNA expression profiling were carried out on total RNA extracted from PBLs of twelve healthy donors at the end of 24h-incubation time in MMG and in 1g conditions. Analyses were performed by using the Human miRNA Microarray kit (V2) (Agilent Technologies), that allows the detection of 723 known human (miRBase v.10.1) and 76 human viral miRNAs. By comparing the expression profile of MMG-incubated vs. 1g-incubated PBLs of the same donor, we found 42 differentially expressed miRNAs, 25 up-regulated and 17 down-regulated.", "release_date": "2014-07-17", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-55/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "miRNA Microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Microgravity Simulation" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "ESA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Gerolamo Cristina Cristiano Silvia Enrica Chiara Lucia Maddalena Lanfranchi Girardi De Pitta Casara Calura Romualdi Celotti Mognato" ], "publication_title": "Integration analysis of microRNA and mRNA expression profiles in human peripheral\nblood lymphocytes cultured in modeled microgravity." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-56", "osd_num": 56, "identifiers": "GLDS-56", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-56", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/56", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/56" } }, "overview": { "title": "Gene expression profiling of human peripheral blood lymphocytes cultured in modeled microgravity", "description": "In the present study we analyzed miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) incubated in microgravity condition, simulated by a ground-based Rotating Wall Vessel (RWV) bioreactor. Our results show that 42 miRNAs were differentially expressed in MMG-incubated PBLs compared with 1g-incubated ones. Among these, miR-9-5p, miR-9-3p, miR-155-5p, miR-150-3p, and miR-378-3p were the most dysregulated. To improve the detection of functional miRNA-mRNA pairs we performed gene expression profiles on the same samples assayed for miRNA profiling and we integrated miRNA and mRNA expression data. The functional classification of miRNA-correlated genes evidenced significant enrichments in the biological processes of immune/inflammatory response, signal transduction, regulation of response to stress, regulation of programmed cell death and regulation of cell proliferation. We identified the correlation between miR-9-3p, miR-155-5p, miR-150-3p and miR-378-3p expression with that of genes involved in immune/inflammatory response (eg. IFNG and IL17F), apoptosis (eg. PDCD4 and PTEN) and cell proliferation (eg. NKX3-1 and GADD45A). Experimental assays of cell viability and apoptosis induction validated the results obtained by bioinformatics analyses demonstrating that in human PBLs the exposure to reduced gravitational force increases the frequency of apoptosis and decreases cell proliferation. Gene expression profiling was carried out in MMG-incubated PBLs vs. 1g-incubated PBLs on total RNA extracted from the same PBL samples assayed for miRNA profiling. We used the Whole Human Genome Oligo Microarray (Agilent), consisting of ~41.000 (60-mer) oligonucleotide probes, which span conserved exons across the transcripts of the targeted full-length genes.", "release_date": "2014-07-17", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-56/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Microgravity Simulation" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "ESA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Gerolamo Cristina Cristiano Silvia Enrica Chiara Lucia Maddalena Lanfranchi Girardi De Pitta Casara Calura Romualdi Celotti Mognato" ], "publication_title": "Integration analysis of microRNA and mRNA expression profiles in human peripheral blood lymphocytes cultured in modeled microgravity." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-57", "osd_num": 57, "identifiers": "GLDS-57", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-57", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/57", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/57" } }, "overview": { "title": "RNA-Seq analysis identifies potential modulators of gravity response in Ceratopteris spores: Evidence for modulation by calcium pumps and apyrase activity", "description": "Gravity regulates the magnitude and direction of a trans-cell calcium current in germinating spores of Ceratopteris richardii. Blocking this current with nifedipine blocks the spore's downward polarity alignment, a polarization that is fixed by gravity 10 h after light induces the spores to germinate. RNA-seq analysis at 10 h was used to identify genes potentially important for the gravity response. The data set will be valuable for other developmental and phylogenetic studies.", "release_date": "2016-03-21", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-57/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Ceratopteris richardii" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "GS FLX Titanium Series system" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Treatment" ], "types": [ "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Stanley Greg Roux Clark" ], "publication_title": "RNA-seq analysis identifies potential modulators of gravity response in spores of Ceratopteris (Parkeriaceae): evidence for modulation by calcium pumps and apyrase activity." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-58", "osd_num": 58, "identifiers": "GLDS-58", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-58", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/58", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/58" } }, "overview": { "title": "Genes Required for Survival in Microgravity Revealed by Genome-Wide Yeast Deletion Collections Cultured during Spaceflight", "description": "Spaceflight is a unique environment with profound effects on biological systems including tissue redistribution and musculoskeletal stresses. However, the more subtle biological effects of spaceflight on cells and organisms are difficult to measure in a systematic, unbiased manner. Here we test the utility of the molecularly barcoded yeast deletion collection to provide a quantitative assessment of the effects of microgravity on a model organism. We developed robust hardware to screen, in parallel, the complete collection of ~4800 homozygous and ~5900 heterozygous (including ~1100 single-copy deletions of essential genes) yeast deletion strains, each carrying unique DNA that acts as strain identifiers. We compared strain fitness for the homozygous and heterozygous yeast deletion collections grown in spaceflight and ground, as well as plus and minus hyperosmolar sodium chloride, providing a second additive stressor. The genome-wide sensitivity profiles obtained from these treatments were then queried for their similarity to a compendium of drugs whose effects on the yeast collection have been previously reported. We found that the effects of spaceflight have high concordance with the effects of DNA-damaging agents and changes in redox state, suggesting mechanisms by which spaceflight may negatively affect cell fitness.", "release_date": "2016-06-08", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-58/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Saccharomyces cerevisiae" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "Nucleotide Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "Deletion Pool Profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Culture Media", "Spaceflight", "zygosity", "generation number" ], "types": [ "Culture Media", "Space Flight", "Zygosity", "Generation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "STS-135" ], "flight_programs": [ "Space Transportation System (STS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Timothy G. Hammond" ], "publication_title": "Genes required for survival in microgravity revealed by genome-wide yeast deletion collections cultured during spaceflight" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-59", "osd_num": 59, "identifiers": "GLDS-59", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-59", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/59", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/59" } }, "overview": { "title": "RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis of reactive oxygen species gene network in Mizuna plants grown in long-term space flight", "description": "Space environment is suspected to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induce oxidative stress in plants, however, little is known about the gene expression of ROS gene network in plants grown in long-term space flight. RNA-Seq was used to define the large-scale gene expression profiles of Mizuna harvested after 27 days cultivation in the international space station to understand the molecular response and adaptation to space environment.Results: Total reads of transcripts from the Mizuna grown in the international space station as well as on the ground by RNA-Seq using next generation sequencing technology showed 8,258 and 14,170 transcripts up- and down-regulated in the space-grown Mizuna, respectively, when compared with those from the ground-grown Mizuna. A total of 20 in 32 ROS oxidative marker genes were up-regulated, including high expression of 4 hallmarks, and preferentially expressed gene associated with ROS-scavenging genes was thioredoxin, glutaredoxin, and alternative oxidase genes. In the transcription factors of ROS gene network , MEKK1-MKK4-MPK3, OXI1-MKK4-MPK3, and OXI1-MPK3 of MAP cascades, induction of WRKY22 by MEKK1-MKK4-MPK3 cascade, induction of WRKY25 and repression of ZAT7 by Zat12 were suggested. RbohD and RbohF genes were up-regulated preferentially in NADPH oxidase genes, which produce ROS.Conclusions: Our large-scale transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the space environment induced oxidative stress and ROS gene network was activated in the space-grown Mizuna, some of which were common genes up-regulated by abiotic and biotic stress and were preferentially up-regulated genes by the space environment, even though Mizuna grew in the space as well as on the ground, showing that plants could acclimate to the space environment by reprograming the expression of ROS gene network.", "release_date": "2014-05-12", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/genelab/img/GLDS59__study_image.png" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Brassica rapa" ], "material_types": [ "leaf" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina Genome Analyzer IIx" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "Expedition 22" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA", "FSA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Manabu Sugimoto" ], "publication_title": "Genome-wide expression analysis of reactive oxygen species gene network in Mizuna plants grown in long-term spaceflight." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-60", "osd_num": 60, "identifiers": "GLDS-60", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-60", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/60", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/60" } }, "overview": { "title": "Exposure of zebrafish larvae to relative microgravity between 5-6 days post-fertilization", "description": "The general objective of the study was to determine modulation of gene expression by environmental factors, with a special emphasis on bone formation. For this reason, the specific period of treatment was chosen between 5-6 days post-fertilization (dpf), when bone formation and calcification are taking place. This experiment was designed as a new type of gravitational experiment, which we like to call relative microgravity, referring to the fact that the larvae first grow in hyper gravity for 5 days and are then returned to 1g normal gravity for 1 day. Zebrafish embryos were placed on a Large Diameter Centrifuge at 3 hpf, brought to a gravitational force of 3 g until 5 dpf. Reference embryos were kept in parallel at 1g (Inc). At 5dpf, one batch was left at 3g (3g), one batch was returned to 1g (3g>1g), while a third batch was returned to 1g, but left on the axis of the centrifuge (Axe; 3g>Axe). The experiment was repeated 4 times, each time with 4 batches of 60 larvae.", "release_date": "2015-02-27", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-60/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Danio rerio" ], "material_types": [ "Whole Organism" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Hypergravity" ], "types": [ "Hypergravity" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Rasoul Marc Nourizadeh Muller" ], "publication_title": "Zebrafish bone and general physiology are differently affected by hormones or changes in gravity." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-61", "osd_num": 61, "identifiers": "GLDS-61", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-61", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/61", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/61" } }, "overview": { "title": "Effect of a 91 day long stay in weightlessness on the International Space Station on mouse skin physiology", "description": "Comparative gene expression in skin between mice maintained in microgravity (0g) and normogravity (1g) environment. Six male C57Bl/J10 mice were housed for 91 days in the specially designed Mouse Drawer System in weightlessness aboard the International Space Station. Three wild-type mice (WT) and three transgenic mice overexpressing the osteogneic factor PTN/OSF1 under the control of the human bone specific ostecalcin promoter (Tg) were used in the experiment. During the 3-month stay on the ISS, 3 mice unfortunately died leaving 2 Tg and 1 WT. MDS tissue sharing program allowed several teams to study various tissues from these mice. Our aim was to investigate the effect of such a long period of microgravity on skin physiology by morphological, biochemical and genomewide analyses by comparison to similar mice on ground. Gene expression in the skin of 3 space mice and of 3 ground mice was analyzed by microarray. As this unique experiment performed on 3 mice limits the power of statistical analyis, as the transgene PTN/OSF1 was not overexpressed in skin and as a pair wise Pearson's correlation rates between the individual levels of expressed transcripts in the WT and the Tg mice were not significantly different from each other in one experimental group (space or ground), data from the 3 mice were combined to compare results from the space an ground groups.", "release_date": "2014-12-31", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-61/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Genotype" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Genotype" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "STS-128" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "ESA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Betty Thibaut Alain Charles Nusgens Neutelings Colige Lambert" ], "publication_title": "Skin physiology in microgravity: a 3-month stay aboard ISS induces dermal atrophy and affects cutaneous muscle and hair follicles cycling in mice A microRNA signature and TGF-beta1 response were identified as the key master regulators for spaceflight response" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-62", "osd_num": 62, "identifiers": "GLDS-62", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-62", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/62", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/62" } }, "overview": { "title": "Molecular mechanism of flocculation self-recognition in yeast and its role in mating and survival", "description": "Saccharomyces cerevisiae flocculation occurs when fermentable sugars are limiting and is therefore considered as a way to enhance the survival chance of Flo-expressing yeast cells. In this paper, the role of Flo1p in mating was demonstrated by showing that the mating efficiency, which contributes to the increased survival rate as well by generating genetic variability, is increased when cells flocculate. This was revealed by liquid growth experiments in a low shear environment and differential transcriptome analysis of FLO1 expressing cells compared to the non-flocculent wild-type cells. The results show that a floc provides a uniquely organized multicellular ultrastructure that provides a suitable microenvironment to induce and perform cell conjugation. S. cerevisiae strains BY4742 WT, BY4742::FLO8 and BY4742 [FLO1] were grown in microgravity and 1-g. A transcriptomic analysis was performed and the transcriptome data were integrated with the high quality protein-protein interaction networks. The identified high score sub-networks (qvalue < 0.001) were considered and further evaluated concerning their GO enrichment using a hypogeometric test. The data were from the Ying B-1 experiment.", "release_date": "2014-12-24", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-62/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Saccharomyces cerevisiae" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Genotype" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "genotype" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "Soyuz_TMA-14" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "ESA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Katty Francesco Intawat Ingeborg Livan Luc Sebastiaan Rudy Catherine Verena Freddy Sandor Jens Bart Ronnie S E G R G Goossens Ielasi Nookaew Stals Alonso-Sarduy Daenen Van Mulders van Eijsden Stassen Siewers Delvaux Kasas Nielsen Devreese Willaert" ], "publication_title": "Molecular mechanism of flocculation self-recognition in yeast and its role in mating and survival." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-63", "osd_num": 63, "identifiers": "GLDS-63", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-63", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/63", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/63" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcription profiling of rat response to changes in developmental stage - 3 types of tissue, 3 gravity conditions, 2 developmental conditions", "description": "Transcriptional crosstalk between mammary gland, liver and adipose tissue Experiment Overall Design: Pregnant and Lactating rats exposed to 3 gravity conditions", "release_date": "2009-11-27", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-63/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Rattus norvegicus" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Tissue", "Spaceflight", "Developmental Condition", "Altered Gravity" ], "types": [ "Tissue", "Space Flight", "growth & development", "Gravity", "Altered" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "STS-70" ], "flight_programs": [ "Space Transportation System (STS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Karl Karen Dykema Plaut" ], "publication_title": "Transcriptomes reveal alterations in gravity\nimpact circadian clocks and activate mechanotransduction pathways with adaptation\nthrough epigenetic change. Homeorhetic adaptation to lactation:\ncomparative transcriptome analysis of mammary, liver, and adipose tissue during\nthe transition from pregnancy to lactation in rats. Molecular signatures\nreveal circadian clocks may orchestrate the homeorhetic response to lactation." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-64", "osd_num": 64, "identifiers": "GLDS-64", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-64", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/64", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/64" } }, "overview": { "title": "Microbial Observatory (ISS-MO): Molecular characterization of Bacillus issensis, sp. nov., isolated from various quarters of the International Space Station", "description": "As part of an ongoing effort to catalogue microbial communities inhabiting the International Space Station (ISS), crew-associated environmental samples were collected from the Japanese Kibo, Russian, and US research modules. Initial analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified 11 Bacillus isolates (two from Kibo Japanese Experiment Module (JEM), four from US Segment Harmony Node 2 and five from Russian Segment Zvezda module sites), all belonging to the Bacillus anthracis-B. cereus-B. thuringiensis group. Isolates were further characterized by whole genome comparative analysis. Each isolate was sequenced, assembled, and aligned against all members of the B. cereus sensu lato group. Based on genome size estimates (5.2 - 5.3 Mbp), strain nucleotide identity (>99.99%), and maximum likelihood phylogenetic placement, all isolates were found to exhibit a very high level of similarity. With respect to gene content, all isolates were inspected for cry proteins common to B. thuringiensis as well as toxins specific to B. cereus. No significant hits were found to any known cry genes, while full-length matches were found for multiple B. cereus toxin genes. Finally, the isolates were closely screened against B. anthracis genomes, and no B. anthracis signatures were identified. Notably, all isolates contained the plcR ancestral C allele and lacked significant hits to pXO1 and pXO2 plasmids and toxins. The collective results from the analysis confirm that these strains belong to a previously uncharacterized Bacillus species, hereafter referred to as Bacillus issensis. The type strain is ISSFR-003T (=NRRL B-65389T= DSMZ 101676T).", "release_date": "2016-07-08", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-64/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Bacillus" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "nucleotide sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "genome sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina", "PacBio" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)", "people": [ "Kasthuri Venkateswaran" ], "publication_title": "Draft Genome Sequences from a Novel Clade of Bacillus cereus Sensu Lato Strains, Isolated from the International Space Station. Non-Toxin-Producing Bacillus cereus Strains Belonging to the B. anthracis Clade Isolated from the International Space Station Whole metagenome profiles of particulates collected from the International Space Station" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-65", "osd_num": 65, "identifiers": "GLDS-65", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-65", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/65", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/65" } }, "overview": { "title": "Microbial Observatory (ISS-MO): Microbial diversity", "description": "The environmental microbiome study was designed to decipher microbial diversity of the International Space Station surfaces in terms of spatial and temporal distributions using 16S and ITS iTag Illumina sequencing. We hypothesized that the microbial population of environmental surfaces changes in time due to astronauts' activity and might be location specific. The environmental samples were collected with the polyester wipes from eight different locations in the ISS during two consecutive sampling sessions (three months apart). The specific objective was to unveil the viable microbial diversity of each location during two separate sessions in terms of abundance and richness of the communities. The International Space Station (ISS) as a closed built environment has its own environmental microbiome which is shaped by microgravity, radiation, and limited human presence. The microbial diversity associated with ISS environmental surfaces was investigated during this study. Polyester wipes and contact slides were used for sampling of eight various surface locations on the ISS at different time periods. The samples were retrieved and analyzed immediately upon the return to the Earth (via Soyuz TMA-14M or Dragon capsule from SpaceX). After surface sample collection, contact slides containing nutrient media for the growth of bacteria and fungi were incubated at 25C. The polyester wipes were processed to measure microbial burden (R2A, Blood Agar, and Potato Dextrose Agar) and recover cultivable bacteria as well as fungi. Subsequently, viable microbial burden was assessed using Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) assay, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods after propidium monoazide (PMA) treatment. The 16S-tag and metagenome analyses were used to elucidate viable microbial diversity. The cultivable bacterial population yield from the polyester wipes was very high (5 to 7-logs) when compared with the contact slides (102 to 103 CFU/m2). The PMA-qPCR analysis showed considerable variation of viable bacterial population (105 to 109 16S rDNA gene copies/m2) among locations sampled. Unlike contact slides, polyester wipes cover much larger sample surface (~1 m2) and produce much more reliable results of the microbial diversity of the ISS covering both cultivable and non-cultivable species. The cultivable, total, and viable microbial diversity was determined utilizing state-of-the art molecular techniques. The implementation of the PMA assay before DNA extraction allowed distinguishing viable microorganisms, which is crucial for determining their role to the crew health, the ISS maintenance and the general knowledge of the closed environmentally controlled built systems.", "release_date": "2016-07-07", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-65/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "ITS", "16S" ], "measurement_types": [ "Amplicon Sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-5 SpaceX-6" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)", "people": [ "Kasthuri Venkateswaran" ], "publication_title": "Characterization of the total and viable bacterial and fungal communities associated with the International Space Station surfaces" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-66", "osd_num": 66, "identifiers": "GLDS-66", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-66", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/66", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/66" } }, "overview": { "title": "Microbial Observatory (ISS-MO): Antimicrobial resistance genes", "description": "The environmental samples were collected with the polyester wipes from eight different locations in the International Space Station (ISS) during two consecutive sampling sessions (three months apart) within the ISS Microbial Observatory Experiment. DNA extracted from each of the samples was used to create amplicon libraries based on customized panel of 500 antimicrobial resistance genes followed by next-generation sequencing. This is the first study of that shows the reservoir of antimicrobial genes in the ISS. The International Space Station (ISS) as a closed built environment has its own environmental microbiome which is shaped by microgravity, radiation, and limited human presence. The microbial diversity associated with ISS environmental surfaces was investigated during this study. Polyester wipes and contact slides were used for sampling of eight various surface locations on the ISS at different time periods. The samples were retrieved and analyzed immediately upon the return to the Earth (via Soyuz TMA-14M or Dragon capsule from SpaceX). After surface sample collection, contact slides containing nutrient media for the growth of bacteria and fungi were incubated at 25˚C. The polyester wipes were processed to measure microbial burden (R2A, Blood Agar, and Potato Dextrose Agar) and recover cultivable bacteria as well as fungi. Subsequently, viable microbial burden was assessed using Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) assay, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods after propidium monoazide (PMA) treatment. The 16S-tag and metagenome analyses were used to elucidate viable microbial diversity. The cultivable bacterial population yield from the polyester wipes was very high (5 to 7-logs) when compared with the contact slides (102 to 103 CFU/m2). The PMA-qPCR analysis showed considerable variation of viable bacterial population (105 to 109 16S rDNA gene copies/m2) among locations sampled. Unlike contact slides, polyester wipes cover much larger sample surface (~1 m2) and produce much more reliable results of the microbial diversity of the ISS covering both cultivable and non-cultivable species. The cultivable, total, and viable microbial diversity was determined utilizing state-of-the art molecular techniques. The implementation of the PMA assay before DNA extraction allowed distinguishing viable microorganisms, which is crucial for determining their role to the crew health, the ISS maintenance and the general knowledge of the closed environmentally controlled built systems.", "release_date": "2016-07-07", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-66/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "OTHERS" ], "measurement_types": [ "Amplicon Sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Ion Torrent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL)", "people": [ "Kasthuri Venkateswaran" ], "publication_title": "Detection of antimicrobial resistance genes associated with the International Space Station environmental surfaces." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-67", "osd_num": 67, "identifiers": "GLDS-67", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-67", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/67", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/67" } }, "overview": { "title": "Microbial Observatory (ISS-MO): Study of BSL-2 bacterial isolates from the International Space Station", "description": "In an on-going Microbial Observatory experimental investigation on the International Space Station (ISS), multiple bacterial isolates of Biosafety Level 2 (BSL-2) were isolated and identified. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern was tested in these BSL-2 isolates for the following antibiotics: cefazolin, ciprofloxacin, cefoxitin, erythromycin, gentamycin, oxacillin, penicillin, rifampin, tobramycin and many of the BSL-2 isolates showed multiple drug resistance. Among these isolates, 21 strains were chosen for whole genome sequencing (WGS) for a possible lead to develop appropriate countermeasures. In addition, the genomic data would enable to determine the influence of microgravity on the pathogenicity and virulence in the BSL-2 microorganisms.", "release_date": "2016-07-08", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-67/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Enterobacter ludwigii", "Pantoea conspicua", "Klebsiella quasipneumoniae", "Enterobacter cancerogenus", "Staphylococcus", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Acinetobacter pittii" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "nucleotide sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "genome sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Sample Location" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Sample Location" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)", "people": [ "Kasthuri Venkateswaran" ], "publication_title": "Draft Genome Sequences of BSL-2 Opportunistic Pathogens Isolated from the Environmental Surfaces of the International Space Station. Multi-drug resistant Enterobacter bugandensis species isolated from the International Space Station and comparative genomic analyses with human pathogenic strains" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-68", "osd_num": 68, "identifiers": "GLDS-68", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-68", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/68", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/68" } }, "overview": { "title": "Microbial Observatory (ISS-MO): Draft Genome Sequence of two Aspergillus fumigatus Strains Isolated from the International Space Station", "description": "Aspergillus fumigatus is a saprophytic, filamentous fungus that is ubiquitous outdoors (soil, decaying vegetation) and indoors (hospitals, simulated closed habitats, etc.). A. fumigatus can adapt to various environmental conditions and form airborne conidia that are the inoculum for a variety of diseases (e.g. non- and invasive pulmonary infections, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, etc.) in immunocompromised hosts. In an on-going Microbial Observatory Experiments on the International Space Station (ISS) molecular phylogeny of several fungal isolates were characterized. Two strains, ISSF 21 and IF1SW-F4, were isolated from the HEPA filter and the surface of the Cupola of the ISS, respectively. Using primers targeting the internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and 2, both isolates were identified as A. fumigatus. The whole genome sequence analysis of ISSF 21 revealed increased number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) when compared to the reference A. fumigatus 293. Knowing that A. fumigatus is an opportunistic pathogen and microgravity highly influences the antibiotic susceptibility and pathogenicity of microorganisms, we examined pathogenicity of both ISS isolates using the zebrafish larval model. The space station isolates (ISSF-021 and IF1SW-F4) were more virulent than two clinical strains (Af293 and CEA10) whose pathogenicity was highly characterized. Here the whole genome sequences of ISSF-021 strain are being deposited.", "release_date": "2016-07-08", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-68/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Aspergillus fumigatus" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "nucleotide sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "genome sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-5" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)", "people": [ "Kasthuri Venkateswaran" ], "publication_title": "Draft Genome Sequence of two Aspergillus fumigatus Strains Isolated from the International Space Station Characterization of Aspergillus fumigatus Isolates from Air and Surfaces of the International Space Station." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-69", "osd_num": 69, "identifiers": "GLDS-69", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-69", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/69", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/69" } }, "overview": { "title": "Microbial Observatory (ISS-MO): Indoor microbiome study of the International Space Station surfaces", "description": "Presented here is the environmental microbiome study of the International Space Station surfaces. The environmental samples were collected with the polyester wipes from eight different locations in the ISS during two consecutive sampling sessions (three months apart). The specific objective was to unveil the pool of genes for each location during two separate sessions to learn of functional and metabolic diversity of microorganisms in the ISS. The International Space Station (ISS) as a closed built environment has its own environmental microbiome which is shaped by microgravity, radiation, and limited human presence. The microbial diversity associated with ISS environmental surfaces was investigated during this study. Polyester wipes and contact slides were used for sampling of eight various surface locations on the ISS at different time periods. The samples were retrieved and analyzed immediately upon the return to the Earth (via Soyuz TMA-14M or Dragon capsule from SpaceX). After surface sample collection, contact slides containing nutrient media for the growth of bacteria and fungi were incubated at 25C. The polyester wipes were processed to measure microbial burden (R2A, Blood Agar, and Potato Dextrose Agar) and recover cultivable bacteria as well as fungi. Subsequently, viable microbial burden was assessed using Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) assay, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods after propidium monoazide (PMA) treatment. The 16S-tag and metagenome analyses were used to elucidate viable microbial diversity. The cultivable bacterial population yield from the polyester wipes was very high (5 to 7-logs) when compared with the contact slides (10^2 to 10^3 CFU/m2). The PMA-qPCR analysis showed considerable variation of viable bacterial population (10^5 to 10^9 16S rDNA gene copies/m2) among locations sampled. Unlike contact slides, polyester wipes cover much larger sample surface (~1 m2) and produce much more reliable results of the microbial diversity of the ISS covering both cultivable and non-cultivable species. The cultivable, total, and viable microbial diversity was determined utilizing state-of-the art molecular techniques. The implementation of the PMA assay before DNA extraction allowed distinguishing viable microorganisms, which is crucial for determining their role to the crew health, the ISS maintenance and the general knowledge of the closed environmentally controlled built systems.", "release_date": "2016-07-07", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-69/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "Metagenomic sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Treatment" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "ISS Increments 42" ], "flight_programs": [ "International space station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)", "people": [ "Kasthuri Venkateswaran" ], "publication_title": "Succession and persistence of microbial communities and antimicrobial resistance genes associated with International Space Station environmental surfaces." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-70", "osd_num": 70, "identifiers": "GLDS-70", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-70", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/70", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/70" } }, "overview": { "title": "Environmental and facility conditions promote singular gravity responses of transcriptome during Drosophila metamorphosis", "description": "Genome-wide transcriptional profiling showed that reducing gravity levels in the International Space Station (ISS) causes important alterations in Drosophila gene expression intimately linked to imposed spaceflight-related environmental constrains during Drosophila metamorphosis. However, simulation experiments on ground testing space-related environmental constraints, show differential responses. Curiously, although particular genes are not common in the different experiments, the same GO groups including a large multigene family related with behavior, stress response and organogenesis are over represented in them. A global and integrative analysis using the gene expression dynamics inspector (GEDI) self-organizing maps, reveals different degrees in the responses of the transcriptome when using different environmental conditions or microgravity/hypergravity simulation devices. These results suggest that the transcriptome is finely tuned to normal gravity. In regular environmental conditions the alteration of this constant parameter on Earth can have mild effects on gene expression but when environmental conditions are far from optimal, the gene expression is much more intense and consistent effects.", "release_date": "2013-06-26", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-70/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Drosophila melanogaster" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Altered Gravity", "Temperature", "O2 Level", "Altered Gravity Simulator" ], "types": [ "Gravity", "Altered", "temperature", "oxygen", "Altered Gravity Simulator" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Raul Herranz" ], "publication_title": "Suboptimal evolutionary novel environments promote singular altered gravity responses of transcriptome during Drosophila metamorphosis." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-71", "osd_num": 71, "identifiers": "GLDS-71", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-71", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/71", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/71" } }, "overview": { "title": "Immediate Transcriptional Changes in Response to High Dose Radiation Exposure", "description": "One of the most likely risks astronauts on long duration space missions face is exposure to ionizing radiation associated with highly energetic and charged heavy (HZE) particles. Since access to medical expertise on such a mission is limited at best, early diagnosis and mitigation of such exposure is critical. In order to accurately determine the dosage within 1 hour post-exposure, dose-dependent biomarkers are needed. Therefore, we performed a dose-course transcriptional analysis for radiation exposure at 0, 0.3, 1.5, and 3.0 Gy with corresponding time point at 1 hour (hr) post-exposure using Affymetrix GeneChip Human Gene 1.0 ST v1 Array chips. The analysis of our data suggests a set of sensitive genetic biomarkers specific to each radiation level as well as generic radiation response biomarkers. Upregulated biomarkers can then be used within lab-on-a-chip (LOC) systems to detect exposure to ionizing radiation. A total of sixteen human samples representing radiation exposure at levels 0 Gy, 0.3 Gy, 1.5 Gy and 3.0 Gy at time point 1 hour (hr) post-exposure were constructed. Blood samples were extracted from four human volunteers, and were irradiated. Leukocytes were extracted, and gene expression was measured. Samples for all four volunteers were measured at 1 hr for all four dose levels, resulting in four replicates at each dose level. Thus, a total of 4 samples at each of the four radiation levels were sampled, yielding the total of 16 samples.", "release_date": "2016-01-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-71/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "blood", "isolated leukocytes" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Absorbed Radiation Dose" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "absorbed radiation dose" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Eric Robert Brigitte Rosendo John Dazhuo John Palaniappan Phani Robert Sabine Xiaohong C M H W K S J Rouchka Flight Fasciotto Estrada Easton Li Kirtley Sethu Patibandla Keynton Waigel Li" ], "publication_title": "Transcriptional profile of immediate response to ionizing radiation exposure" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-72", "osd_num": 72, "identifiers": "GLDS-72", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-72", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/72", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/72" } }, "overview": { "title": "Space environmental factor impacts upon murine colon microbiota and mucosal homeostasis", "description": "We report how high and low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation, microgravity, and elevated dietary iron affect colon microbiota (determined by 16S rDNA pyrosequencing) and colon function. Three independent experiments were conducted: 1) fractionated low LET gamma radiation (137Cs, 3 Gy, RAD), high Fe diet (IRON) (650 mg/kg diet), and a combination of low LET gamma radiation and high Fe diet (IRON+RAD) in male Sprague-Dawley rats; 2) high LET 38Si particle exposure (0.050 Gy), 1/6 G partial weight bearing (PWB), and a combination of high LET38Si particle exposure and PWB in female BalbC/ByJ mice; and 3) 13 d spaceflight in female C57BL/6 mice. For each experiment, the colon was resected and feces removed for microbial sequencing analysis on a Roche 454 Genome Sequencer FLX Titanium instrument (Microbiome Core Facility, Chapel Hill NC) using the GS FLX Titanium XLR70 sequencing reagents and protocols. Analysis of amplicon sequencing data was carried out using the QIIME pipeline. Low LET radiation, high iron diet, and spaceflight increased Bacteroidetes and decreased Firmicutes. Low LET radiation, high Fe diet, and spaceflight did not significantly affect diversity or richness, or elevate pathogenic genera. Spaceflight increased Clostridiales and decreased Lactobacillales, and similar trends were observed in the experiment using a ground-based model of microgravity, suggesting altered gravity may affect colonic microbiota. Microbiota characteriztion in these models is a first step in understanding the impact of the space environment on intestinal health.", "release_date": "2015-11-30", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-72/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [ "Feces" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "16S" ], "measurement_types": [ "Amplicon Sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Roche" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Diet", "Microgravity Simulation", "Spaceflight", "Strain", "Age at Start of Experiment" ], "types": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Diet", "Weightlessness Simulation", "Space Flight", "strain", "age" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "STS-135" ], "flight_programs": [ "Space Transportation System (STS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Nancy Lauren Andrea D E M Turner Ritchie Azcarate-Peril" ], "publication_title": "Space Environmental Factor Impacts upon Murine Colon Microbiota and Mucosal Homeostasis" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-73", "osd_num": 73, "identifiers": "GLDS-73", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-73", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/73", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/73" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptome Profiles in Normal Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells after Exposure to gamma-rays and different HZE particles", "description": "Distinct transcriptome profiles in response to low-LET and high-LET, and different radiation qualities of HZE particles. Total RNA obtained from HBEC3KT cells after 1, 4, 12 and 24 hours of radiation. Mock-irradiated samples at each time point and control samples before radiation (0 hour) were also collected.", "release_date": "2014-05-07", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-73/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Absorbed Radiation Dose", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "absorbed radiation dose", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Lianghao Michael D Ding Story" ], "publication_title": "Distinct transcriptome profiles identified in normal human bronchial epithelial cells after exposure to gamma-rays and different elemental particles of high Z and energy." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-74", "osd_num": 74, "identifiers": "GLDS-74", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-74", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/74", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/74" } }, "overview": { "title": "Densely Ionizing Radiation Effects on the Microenvironment Promote Aggressive Trp53 Null Mammary Carcinomas", "description": "Densely ionizing radiation is a major component of the space radiation environment and has potentially greater carcinogenic effect compared to sparsely ionizing radiation that is prevalent in the terrestrial environment. It is unknown to what extent the irradiated microenvironment contributes to the differential carcinogenic potential of densely ionizing radiation. To address this gap, 10-week old BALB/c mice were irradiated with 100 cGy sparsely ionizing g-radiation or 10, 30, or 80 cGy of densely ionizing, 350 MeV/amu Si particles and transplanted 3 days later with syngeneic Trp53 null mammary fragments. Tumor appearance was monitored for 600 days. Tumors arising in Si-particle irradiated mice had a shorter median time to appearance, grew faster and were more likely to metastasize. Most tumors arising in sham-irradiated mice were ER-positive, pseudo-glandular and contained both basal keratin 14 and luminal keratin 8/18 cells (designated K14/18), while most tumors arising in irradiated hosts were K8/18 positive (designated K18) and ER negative. Comparison of K18 vs K14/18 tumor expression profiles showed that genes increased in K18 tumors were associated with ERBB2 and KRAS while decreased genes overlapped with those down regulated in metastasis and by loss of E-cadherin. Consistent with this, K18 tumors grew faster than K14/18 tumors and more mice with K18 tumors developed lung metastases compared to mice with K14/18 tumors. However, K18 tumors arising in Si-particle irradiated mice grew even faster and were more metastatic compared to control mice. A K18 Si-irradiated host profile was enriched in genes involved in mammary stem cells, stroma, and Notch signaling. Thus systemic responses to densely ionizing radiation enriches for a ER-negative, K18-positive tumor, whose biology is more aggressive compared to similar tumors arising in non-irradiated hosts. Key Words: ionizing radiation; breast cancer; heavy ion radiation;initiation; promotion 3 different dose of Si were used. Total RNA was extracted from mammary tumors derived from transplantations of non-irradiated p53null mammary fragments into irradiated hosts. We analyzed a total of 45 Trp53-null tumors: 18 from sham-irradiated hosts, 9 from 10 cGy Si-irradiated hosts, 10 from 30 cGy Si-irradiated hosts, and 8 from irradiated hosts.", "release_date": "2014-10-10", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-74/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Trp53 null Mammary Tumor" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Absorbed Radiation Dose" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "absorbed radiation dose" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Johnson Space Center (JSC)", "people": [ "Mary Helen Irineu Haoxu Jonathan Christopher Jian-Hua Sylvain Sandra V Barcellos-Hoff Illa-Bochaca Ouyang Tang Sebastiano Mao Costes Demaria" ], "publication_title": "Densely ionizing radiation acts via the microenvironment to\npromote aggressive Trp53-null mammary carcinomas." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-75", "osd_num": 75, "identifiers": "GLDS-75", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-75", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/75", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/75" } }, "overview": { "title": "MicroRNA expression of C. elegans in space environment", "description": "Entire microRNA expression were analyzed using the Filgen Array miRNA Caenorhabditis elegans 232 probes (Filgen). In the microRNA expression analysis, we compared the expression data between two groups: micro-gravity samples (4 d and 8 d) and controls (4 d and 8 d ground control and 1 G centrifuge onboard ISS).", "release_date": "2011-02-16", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-75/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Caenorhabditis elegans" ], "material_types": [ "Whole Organism" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "miRNA Microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Filgen" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Altered Gravity", "Duration", "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Gravity", "Altered", "duration", "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "STS-129" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "JAXA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Atsushi K Higashitani Nemoto" ], "publication_title": "The effectiveness of RNAi in Caenorhabditis elegans is maintained during spaceflight." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-76", "osd_num": 76, "identifiers": "GLDS-76", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-76", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/76", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/76" } }, "overview": { "title": "Zebrafish larvae submitted to simulated microgravity on a clinostat (CLINO) at 5dpf for one day", "description": "The general objective of the study was to determine modulation of gene expression by environmental factors, specifically simulation of microgravity, with a special emphasis on bone formation. For this reason, the specific period of treatment was chosen between 5-6 days post-fertilization (dpf), when bone formation and calcification are taking place. Zebrafish larvae were placed at 5 dpf into a clinostat (CLINO) for 24 hours, which was shown to simulate microgravity by the specific rotational movements it generates. We show that CLINO exposure causes a clear decrease of bone formation, as illustrated by cranial skeleton staining of the bone matrix by Alizarin Red, by morphometric analysis of the resulting images. Thus, a whole genome micro-array experiment was conducted to identify genes that may be involved in the observed effect on bone formation.", "release_date": "2016-02-15", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-76/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Danio rerio" ], "material_types": [ "Whole Organism" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Microgravity Simulation" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "ESA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Marc Rasoul Muller Nourizadeh" ], "publication_title": "Effects of microgravity simulation on zebrafish transcriptomes and bone physiology-exposure starting at 5 days post fertilization" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-78", "osd_num": 78, "identifiers": "GLDS-78", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-78", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/78", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/78" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcription profiling of human MCF10A cells subjected to ionizing radiation and treatment with transforming growth factor beta-1", "description": "Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFbeta) is a tumor suppressor during the initial stage of tumorigenesis, but it can switch to a tumor promoter during neoplastic progression. Ionizing radiation (IR), both a carcinogen and a therapeutic agent, induces TGFbeta activation in vivo. We now show that IR sensitizes human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) to undergo TGFbeta-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Non-malignant HMEC (MCF10A, HMT3522 S1 and 184v) were irradiated with 2 Gy shortly after attachment in monolayer culture, or treated with a low concentration of TGFbeta (0.4 ng/ml), or double-treated. All double-treated (IR+TGFbeta) HMEC underwent a morphological shift from cuboidal to spindle-shaped. This phenotype was accompanied by decreased expression of epithelial markers E-cadherin, beta-catenin and ZO-1, remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton, and increased expression of mesenchymal markers N-cadherin, fibronectin and vimentin. Furthermore, double-treatment increased cell motility, promoted invasion and disrupted acinar morphogenesis of cells subsequently plated in Matrigel. Neither radiation nor TGFbeta alone elicited EMT, even though IR increased chronic TGFbeta signaling and activity. Gene expression profiling revealed that double treated cells exhibit a specific 10-gene signature associated with Erk/MAPK signaling. We hypothesized that IR-induced MAPK activation primes non-malignant HMEC to undergo TGFbeta-mediated EMT. Consistent with this, Erk phosphorylation were transiently induced by irradiation, persisted in irradiated cells treated with TGFbeta, and treatment with U0126, a Mek inhibitor, blocked the EMT phenotype. Together, these data demonstrate that the interactions between radiation-induced signaling pathways elicit heritable phenotypes that could contribute to neoplastic progression. Experiment Overall Design: Nonmalignant human mammary epithelial MCF10A cells (passages 106 and 108) were seeded at cloning density in 35mm dishes (10^5 cells/dish). Cell culture medium consisted of 3ml/dish of MGEM serum free medium (Cambrex Inc.), supplemented or not with 400pg/ml recombinant Transforming Growth Factor-beta. Cells were irradiated or not 5h post plating using 160 KV X-ray with a total dose of 2Gy. Sham, IR-treated, TGFbeta-treated and double-treated (IR+TGFbeta) MCF10A cells were harvested 8 days post-IR. Briefly, cells were washed with PBS, denatured in Trizol, scraped off the dish and subjected to chloroform extraction. After centrifugation, the upper phase was precipitated with an equal volume of isopropanol. RNA precipitates were resuspended in RNase free water and further purified on RNeasy columns (Qiagen, Germany). RNA quality was assessed on an Agilent Bio-Analyzer. The dataset analyzed by microarray included biological duplicates for each treatment in two independent experiments and three sham treated samples. Microarray data were generated at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Molecular Profiling Laboratory (http://hta.lbl.gov) using a high-throughput, automated GeneChip system (Affymetrix). Briefly, target preparation, HT_HG-U133A array plate hybridization setup, washing and staining were performed on an Affymetrix robotic system (GCAS) using version 2.1 protocols. Scanning (protocol version 2.2.09) was performed on a CCD-based high throughput scanner (Affymetrix). Samples were analyzed and clustered with the (UNO) One Color GenetrafficTM software version 3.2-12 (Iobion Informatics LLC, Stratagene, La Jolla, CA). Genes whose expression was specifically altered by treatment were defined as those in which dye ratio was more than 1.75-fold (mean log2ratio>0.8) from baseline in at least three out of the four treated samples compared to the three sham samples. Significance analysis tests (p<0.05) were performed using Excel between sham samples and either IR, TGFbeta or TGFbeta+IR samples.", "release_date": "2008-11-08", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-78/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "human mammary epithelial cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Treatment" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff" ], "publication_title": "Ionizing radiation predisposes nonmalignant human mammary epithelial cells to undergo transforming growth factor beta induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-79", "osd_num": 79, "identifiers": "GLDS-79", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-79", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/79", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/79" } }, "overview": { "title": "Murine microenvironment metaprofiles associate with human cancer etiology and intrinsic subtypes", "description": "We developed a mouse model that captures radiation effects on host biology by transplanting unirradiated Trp53 null mammary tissue to sham or irradiated hosts. Gene expression profiles of tumors that arose in irradiated mice are distinct from those that arose in naive hosts. Host irradiation induces a metaprofile consisting of gene modules representing stem cells, cell motility, macrophages and autophagy. Human orthologs of the host irradiation metaprofile discriminated between radiation-preceded and sporadic human thyroid cancers. An irradiated host centroid was strongly associated with estrogen receptor negative breast cancer. When applied to sporadic human breast cancers, the irradiated host metaprofile strongly associated with basal-like and claudin-low breast cancer intrinsic subtypes. Comparing host irradiation in the context of TGFB levels showed that inflammation was robustly associated with claudin-low tumors. The association of the irradiated host metaprofiles with estrogen receptor negative status and claudin-low subtype suggests that host processes similar to those induced by radiation underlie sporadic cancers. Total RNA was extracted from mammary tumors derived from transplantations of non-irradiated p53null mammary fragments into irradiated hosts. We analyized a total of 32 p53null tumors from irradiated wild type mice: 9 from sham-irradiated hosts, and 23 from irradiated hosts. We also analyzed 24 tumors from irradiated TGFb1 heterozygote hosts: 6 from sham-irradiated hosts, and 18 from irradiated hosts.", "release_date": "2013-04-04", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-79/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "transplanted p53null mammary tumor" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Genotype", "Ionizing Radiation" ], "types": [ "Genotype", "ionizing radiation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "David Allan Charles Erik Jian-Hua Mary Wei H M H Nguyen Balmain Perou Fredlund Mao Barcellos-Hoff Zhao" ], "publication_title": "Murine microenvironment metaprofiles associate with human cancer etiology and intrinsic subtypes. Radiation acts on the microenvironment to affect breast carcinogenesis by distinct mechanisms that decrease cancer latency and affect tumor type." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-80", "osd_num": 80, "identifiers": "GLDS-80", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-80", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/80", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/80" } }, "overview": { "title": "Response of mammary tissue to high-LET HZE particle (Silicon ions) radiation or low-LET gamma-rays", "description": "Transcriptional profiling of mammary tissue irradiated at 10 weeks of age with either 100 cGy sparsely ionizing gamma-rays, or 10 cGy or 30 cGy densely ionizing radiation (350 MeV/amu Si). Mammary tissue was collected 1 weeks, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks post-irradiation. Four radiation treatment groups: sham, 100 cGy sparsely ionizing gamma-rays, 10 cGy or 30 cGy densely ionizing radiation (350 MeV/amu Si). Three time points post-irradiation (1, 4, and 12 weeks). Three or four replicates per time point.", "release_date": "2013-11-30", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-80/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "mammary gland" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment", "Absorbed Radiation Dose" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment", "absorbed radiation dose" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Jonathan David Martinez-Ruis Ignacio Irineu Jian-Hua Mary Sangeetha Sylvain H V Tang Nguyen Haydeliz Fernandez-Garcia Bochaca Mao Barcellos-Hoff Vijayakumar Costes" ], "publication_title": "Irradiation of juvenile, but not adult, mammary gland increases stem cell self-renewal and estrogen receptor negative tumors." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-81", "osd_num": 81, "identifiers": "GLDS-81", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-81", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/81", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/81" } }, "overview": { "title": "Bacillus subtilis strains at low-pressure: 5 kPa versus 101 kPa growth", "description": "Comparing the transcriptional responses of Bacillus subtilis strains WN624 and WN1106 at 5 kPa and 101 kPa. WN1106 is a 5 kPa-evolved strain with increased fitness compared to ancestor-WN624 strain at 5 kPa. This experiment probed the difference in response when the strains are grown at 5 kPa. Two-condition experiment, 5 kPa vs. 101 kPa, for both strains. And two component condition of WN1106 compared to WN624 at either 5 kPa or 101 kPa. 4 pressure comparisons.", "release_date": "2014-03-14", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-81/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Bacillus subtilis" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Strain", "Atmospheric Pressure" ], "types": [ "strain", "Atmospheric Pressure" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Samantha Jose Wayne A L Waters Robles-Martinez Nicholson" ], "publication_title": "Exposure of Bacillus subtilis to\nlow pressure (5 kilopascals) induces several global regulons, including those\ninvolved in the SigB-mediated general stress response." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-82", "osd_num": 82, "identifiers": "GLDS-82", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-82", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/82", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/82" } }, "overview": { "title": "Microbial monitoring in the ISS-Kibo", "description": "Continuous monitoring of bacterial community structure in the ISS-Kibo. This data contains numerous sequence reads of 16S rRNA gene fragments.", "release_date": "2016-04-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-82/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [ "swab" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "16S" ], "measurement_types": [ "Amplicon Sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Roche GS FLX" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Space Mission", "Sample Location", "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Mission", "Sample Location", "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "STS-128 STS-133 SpaceX-1" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "JAXA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Masao Nasu" ], "publication_title": "Four-year bacterial monitoring in the International Space Station—Japanese Experiment Module Kibo with culture-independent approach" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-83", "osd_num": 83, "identifiers": "GLDS-83", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-83", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/83", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/83" } }, "overview": { "title": "Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Adult Medaka Tissues Sampled after Adaptation to a Space Environment", "description": "To understand how humans adapt to space environments, many experiments can be conducted on astronauts while they work aboard the Space Shuttle or the International Space Station (ISS). We also need animal experiments that can apply to human models and help prevent or solve the physical issues we face in space travel. The medaka is a suitable model fish for studying space adaptation because in the second International Microgravity Laboratory mission in 1994, adult fish mated successfully in space during 15 days of flight. In 2012, another space experiment 'Medaka Osteoclast' was performed. Male and female fish (6 weeks old at launching) were maintained in the Aquatic Habitat system for 2 months in the ISS. The RNA-seq analysis of tissues from these fish will revealed tissue-specific responsiveness and common stress responses during space adaptation.", "release_date": "2015-10-15", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-83/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Oryzias latipes" ], "material_types": [ "Intestines", "Eye", "Testis", "Ovary", "Liver", "Brain" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Tissue" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Tissue" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station" ], "space_programs": [ "JAXA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Hiroshi Shuji Mitani Terai" ], "publication_title": "Histological and Transcriptomic Analysis of Adult Japanese Medaka Sampled Onboard the International Space Station." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-84", "osd_num": 84, "identifiers": "GLDS-84", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-84", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/84", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/84" } }, "overview": { "title": "Biomolecule Sequencer", "description": "Technology demonstration of a nanopore sequencer operating aboard the ISS in comparison with the same sequencer on the ground.", "release_date": "2016-10-26", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-84/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Escherichia coli", "Enterobacteria phage lambda", "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "DNA" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "nucleotide sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "genome sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Oxford Nanopore Technologies", "Illumina", "Pacific Biosciences" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "Expedition 47 Expedition 48" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Johnson Space Center (JSC)", "people": [ "Aaron S Burton" ], "publication_title": "The Biomolecule Sequencer Project: Nanopore Sequencing as a Dual-Use Tool for Crew Health and Astrobiology Investigations Nanopore sequencing in microgravity Nanopore DNA Sequencing and Genome Assembly on the International Space Station" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-85", "osd_num": 85, "identifiers": "GLDS-85", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-85", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/85", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/85" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptomic response of Drosophila melanogaster pupae developed in hypergravity", "description": "Physical forces greatly influence the growth and function of an organism. Altered gravity can perturb normal development and induce corresponding changes in gene expression. Understanding this relationship between the physical and biological realms is important for NASA's space travel goals. We use combined RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR to profile changes in early Drosophila melanogaster pupae exposed to chronic hypergravity (3 g, three times Earth's gravity) to highlight gravity-dependent pathways and gene products. Robust transcriptional response was evident among the pupae developed in a hypergravity environment compared to control. 1,513 genes showed significantly (p less than 0.05) altered gene expression in the 3 g samples. These findings were supported with qRT-PCR data. Major biological processes affected include ion transport, redox homeostasis, immune and humoral stress response, proteolysis, and cuticle development.", "release_date": "2016-09-19", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-85/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Drosophila melanogaster" ], "material_types": [ "Whole Organism" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina HiSeq 2000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Hypergravity" ], "types": [ "Hypergravity" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "NASA Ames Reseach Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Lior Sharmila Pachter Bhattacharya" ], "publication_title": "Transcriptomic response of Drosophila melanogaster pupae developed in hypergravity." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-86", "osd_num": 86, "identifiers": "GLDS-86", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-86", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/86", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/86" } }, "overview": { "title": "A study of alterations DNA epigenetic modifiincations (5mC and 5hmC) influenced by simulated microgravity in human lymphoblastoid cells", "description": "Here, in this study we systematically examined the patterns of DNA methylation and hydroxy-methylation with its functional implications in gene regulation for the cultured TK6 lymphoblastoid cells upon exposure to micro-gravity conditions. The results reported here indicate that simulated microgravity alters methylation patterns in a limited way and subsequently the expression of genes involved in stress response like ATF3, FBXO17, MAP3K13 and VCL in TK6 cells. Overall design: Examination of 2 different DNA modifications with 2 replicates each for 1 cell type.", "release_date": "2016-02-02", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-86/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DIP-Seq" ], "measurement_types": [ "DNA methylation profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Microgravity Simulation", "Antibody" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation", "Antibody" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Joseph Irudayaraj" ], "publication_title": "A Study of Alterations in DNA Epigenetic Modifications (5mC and 5hmC) and Gene Expression Influenced by Simulated Microgravity in Human Lymphoblastoid Cells." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-87", "osd_num": 87, "identifiers": "GLDS-87", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-87", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/87", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/87" } }, "overview": { "title": "Spaceflight effects on the mouse retina: Histological, gene expression and epigenetic changes after flight on STS-135", "description": "We report the findings of an animal experiment onboard STS-135 investigating the molecular aspects of the impact of spaceflight on retinal biology by performing differential gene expression profiling between mice flown onboard STS-135 and their ground control counterparts.", "release_date": "2016-12-16", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-87/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Retina" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "STS-135" ], "flight_programs": [ "Space Transportation System (STS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Johnson Space Center (JSC)", "people": [ "Susana B Zanello" ], "publication_title": "Molecular Effects of Spaceflight in the Mouse Eye after Space Shuttle Mission STS-135" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-88", "osd_num": 88, "identifiers": "GLDS-88", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-88", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/88", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/88" } }, "overview": { "title": "Age and Space Irradiation Modulate Tumor Progression: Implications for Carcinogenesis Risk", "description": "Age plays a major role in tumor incidence and is an important consideration when modeling the carcinogenesis process or estimating cancer risks. Epidemiological data show that from adolescence through middle age, cancer incidence increases with age. This effect is commonly attributed to a lifetime accumulation of cellular, particularly DNA, damage. However, during middle-age, the incidence begins to decelerate and, for many tumor sites, it actually decreases at sufficiently advanced ages. We investigated if the observed deceleration and potential decrease in incidence could be attributed to a decreased capacity of older hosts to support tumor progression, and whether HZE (high atomic number (Z), high energy (E)) radiation differentially modulates tumor progression in young versus middle-age hosts, issues relevant to estimating carcinogenesis risk for astronauts. Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells were injected into syngeneic mice (143 and 551 days old), which were then subject to whole-body 56Fe irradiation (1GeV/amu). Three findings emerged: 1) among unirradiated animals, substantial inhibition of tumor progression and significantly decreased tumor growth rates were seen for middle-aged mice compared to young mice; 2) whole-body 56Fe irradiation (1GeV/amu) inhibited tumor progression in both young and in middle-aged mice (with greater suppression seen in case of young animals), with little effect on tumor growth rates; and 3) 56Fe irradiation (1GeV/amu) suppressed tumor progression in young mice, to a degree not significantly different than transiting from young to middle-aged. Thus, 56Fe irradiation (1GeV/amu) acted similar to aging with respect to tumor progression. We further investigated the molecular underpinnings driving the radiation modulation of tumor dynamics in young and middle-aged mice. Through global gene expression analysis, the key players, FASN, AKT1, and the CXCL12/CXCR4 complex, were determined to be contributory. In sum, these findings demonstrate a reduced capacity of middle-aged hosts to support the progression phase of carcinogenesis and identify molecular factors contributory to HZE radiation modulation of tumor progression as a function of age. For genome-wide expression profiling of tumor tissue, Mouse WG-6 BeadArray chips (Illumina, San Diego, CA) were used. Total RNA was amplified with the Ambion Illumina TotalPrep Amplification Kit (Ambion, Austin, TX) and labeled from all replicate biological samples for each condition. The number of tumor sample replicates used from each condition is as follows: 10 samples from young unirradiated mice, 8 samples from young irradiated mice, 7 samples from middle-aged unirradiated mice, 5 samples from middle-aged irradiated mice. Total RNA was isolated and purified using Trizol (Invitrogen) or RNeasy (Qiagen), quantified and qualified using Agilent Bioanalyzer (Agilent) and samples were deemed suitable for amplification and hybridization if they had O.D. 260/280 = 1.7 - 2.1, 28s/18s = 2:1, RIN (RNA integrity number) >7. Total RNA of 500ng per sample was amplified using Ambion TotalPrep (Ambion), and 1.5ug of the product was loaded onto the chips. Following hybridization at 55C, the chips were washed and then scanned using the Illumina iScan (Illumina), and the data were analyzed using GenomeStudio (Illumina). Data were first analyzed for gene expression and then culled for present genes (genes that meet the criteria of detection p-value < 0.05). Expression above background was included in an expressed genes working data set for further analyses. Rank variant normalization was applied to the data before extensive analysis. Differential gene expression analysis was used to compare to the reference group, young unirradiated mice, and genes were then evaluated and validated.", "release_date": "2013-06-13", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-88/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "technical chip control", "Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)", "tumor" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Age" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "age" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Christine Afshin Edward Lynn Michael Philip Rainer E K Briggs Beheshti Rietman Hlatky Peluso Hahnfeldt Sachs" ], "publication_title": "Age and space irradiation modulate tumor progression: implications for carcinogenesis risk." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-89", "osd_num": 89, "identifiers": "GLDS-89", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-89", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/89", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/89" } }, "overview": { "title": "Proton Irradiation Impacts Age Driven Modulations of Cancer Progression Influenced by Immune System Transcriptome Modifications from Splenic Tissue", "description": "Age plays a crucial role in the interplay between tumor and host; with further perturbations induced by irradiation. Proton irradiation on tumors induces biological modulations including inhibition of angiogenic and immune factors critical to ''hallmark'' processes impacting tumor development, in addition to physical targeting advantages. These advantages have provided promising results for proton therapy in cancer. Additionally, protons have implications for carcinogenesis risk of space travel (due to the high proportion of high energy protons in space radiation). Through a systems biology approach, we investigated how host tissue (i.e. splenic tissue) of tumor-bearing mice is altered with age, with or without whole-body proton exposure. Transcriptome analysis was performed on splenic tissue from adolescent (68 day) versus old (736 day) C57BL/6 male mice injected with Lewis lung carcinoma cells with or without three fractionations of 0.5Gy (1GeV) proton irradiation. Global transcriptome analysis indicated that proton irradiation of adolescent hosts caused significant signaling changes within splenic tissues that support carcinogenesis within the mice, as compared to old subjects. Increases in cell cycling and immunosuppression in irradiated adolescent hosts with CDK2, MCM7, CD74, and RUVBL2 as the key players were involved in the regulatory changes in host environment response (i.e. spleen). These results suggest a significant biological component to proton irradiation, operative through host age, that would indicate a modulation of host's ability to support carcinogenesis in adolescence and the bestowal of resistance to immunosuppression, carcinogenesis, and genetic perturbation by old age.", "release_date": "2015-06-22", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-89/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Spleen" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Age" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "age" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Johnson Space Center (JSC)", "people": [ "Afshin Clare Justin Lili Lynn Michael Philip Beheshti Lamont Wage Ma Hlatky Peluso Hahnfeldt" ], "publication_title": "Proton irradiation impacts age-driven modulations of cancer progression influenced by immune system transcriptome modifications from splenic tissue." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-90", "osd_num": 90, "identifiers": "GLDS-90", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-90", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/90", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/90" } }, "overview": { "title": "RNA-seq analysis of mycobacteria stress response to microgravity", "description": "The aim of this work is to determine whether mycobacteria have enhanced virulence during space travel and what mechanisms they use to adapt to microgravity. M. marinum and LHM4 were grown in high aspect ratio vessels (HARV) in a rotary cell culture system (RCCS) under normal gravity (NG) or low shear simulated microgravity (MG). To determine the effect of MG on the stress responses activated by the growth conditions, we used RNAseq to examine what genes were expressed. For RNAseq, the bacteria are harvested, RNA isolated and converted DNA (cDNA), and the cDNA sequenced. Using bioinformatics, the amount of expression of the different M. marinum genes were compared between the NG and MG samples. To make sure that we were examining only gene expression changes due to MG, only bacteria in early exponential growth were used in the RNAseq studies. Triplicate NG and MG cultures were used to generate samples of bacteria grown for ~40 hrs. We also grew triplicate cultures for 4 days and then diluted them again and grew them for another ~40 hrs so we could examine gene expression from bacteria exposed for a longer time. In summary, this study determined that waterborne mycobacteria alter their growth, expression of stress responses, and their sensitivity to oxidizing conditions when subjected to growth under MG.", "release_date": "2016-12-16", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-90/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mycobacterium marinum" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Microgravity Simulation", "Time" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Lynn Harrison" ], "publication_title": "Exposure of Mycobacterium marinum to low-shear modeled microgravity: effect on growth, the transcriptome and survival under stress." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-91", "osd_num": 91, "identifiers": "GLDS-91", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-91", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/91", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/91" } }, "overview": { "title": "A study of gene expression influenced by simulated microgravity in human lymphoblastoid cells", "description": "Here, in this study we systematically examined the patterns of DNA methylation and hydroxy-methylation with its functional implications in gene regulation for the cultured TK6 lymphoblastoid cells upon exposure to micro-gravity conditions. The results reported here indicate that simulated microgravity alters methylation patterns in a limited way and subsequently the expression of genes involved in stress response like ATF3, FBXO17, MAP3K13 and VCL in TK6 cells. Overall design: Examination of RNA-seq with 2 replicates each for 1 cell type", "release_date": "2016-02-02", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-91/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Microgravity Simulation" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "ARC", "people": [ "Joseph Irudayaraj" ], "publication_title": "A Study of Alterations in DNA Epigenetic Modifications (5mC and 5hmC) and Gene Expression Influenced by Simulated Microgravity in Human Lymphoblastoid Cells." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-92", "osd_num": 92, "identifiers": "GLDS-92", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-92", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/92", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/92" } }, "overview": { "title": "Response of the EPI-200 human 3-D skin model to high and low doses of protons", "description": "Accumulating data suggest that the biological responses to high and low doses of radiation are qualitatively different, necessitating the direct study of low dose responses. Most such studies have utilized 2-dimensional culture systems, which may not fully represent responses in 3-dimensional tissues. To gain insight into low dose responses in tissue, we have profiled global gene expression in EPI-200, a 3-dimensional tissue model from MatTek that imitates the structure and function of human epidermis, at 4, 16 and 24 hours after exposure to high (2.5 Gy) and low (0.1 Gy) doses of low LET protons. Untreated controls and samples exposed to 10 cGy or to 2.5 Gy were analyzed at three different times (4, 16 or 24 hours after exposure). Three biological repeats were performed for each condition", "release_date": "2011-07-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-92/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "3D Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment", "absorbed radiation dose" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment", "absorbed radiation dose" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Sally Alexandre Amundson Mezentsev" ], "publication_title": "Global gene expression responses to low- or high-dose radiation in a human three-dimensional tissue model." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-93", "osd_num": 93, "identifiers": "GLDS-93", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-93", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/93", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/93" } }, "overview": { "title": "Gene expression profiles of irradiated lung tissue in three mouse strains", "description": "The aim of our research is to clarify the mechanisms generating heterogeneity in response to C-ion irradiation that arise from individual genetic variations in humans. In this study, we performed whole lung C-ion irradiation using three different strains of mice to examine whether strain-dependent differences in radiation effects occur in high-LET C-ion thoracic irradiation. Murine strain-variance was evaluated by histopathological examination of intra-alveolar hemorrhage that is likely to occur during the early phase after irradiation, and of lung fibrosis during the late phase, occurring more than three months after irradiation. We also performed microarray analysis to identify the key genes that are differentially regulated in different mouse strains after C-ion irradiation and to determine the mechanism of strain-dependent pulmonary damage after high-LET C-ion irradiation. Eight-week old female inbred C3H/He Slc, C57BL/6J Jms Slc and A/J Jms Slc mice (3 kinds of mice) were used. The whole thorax of three mice was locally irradiated at 10 Gy with C-ion beams, with a reference beam, 137Cs gamma-rays (2 kinds of beam). Three mice of each strain (3 mice) were sacrificed, and immediately dissected for lung extraction at 6 h (6h sample). Lungs for three mice of each strain without irradiation were extracted at the same time as control samples (control sample). Hybridization to microarrays (Whole Mouse Genome 4x44K OligoMicroarray Kit, single color, Cyamine 3-CTP) consisting of 44,000 total spots was conducted using an Agilent Gene Expression hybridization kit. The arrays from three independent replicates for each sample (3 arrays) were scanned on an Agilent dual-laser Microarray Scanner (all from Agilent Technologies) following the manufacturer's instructions. A total of 108 samples were analyzed. 3 replicate arrays x 3 mice x 3 strains x 2 timing for sampling x 2 kinds of beam.", "release_date": "2014-02-26", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-93/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Lung" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "strain", "ionizing radiation" ], "types": [ "strain", "ionizing radiation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Kaori Mayumi Imadome Iwakawa" ], "publication_title": "Strain-dependent damage in mouse lung after carbon ion irradiation." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-94", "osd_num": 94, "identifiers": "GLDS-94", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-94", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/94", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/94" } }, "overview": { "title": "DNA copy number analysis from mice with radiation-induced acute myeloid leukemia", "description": "Certain mouse strains such as CBA C3H and RFM have high incidence of radiation-induced acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The data in this series wer generated by using spleen DNA from CBA mice which were irraidated with either gamma-rays or heavy ion (HZE) particles. Spleen DNA with radiation-induced AML was compared with DNA from normal CBA mice. Comparison of spleen DNA from CBA mice with radiation-induced AML vs genomic DNA from normal CBA mice", "release_date": "2012-10-05", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/genelab/img/GLDS94__study_image.png" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "copy number variation profiling" ], "platforms": [] }, "factors": { "names": [ "ionizing radiation", "Neoplasm" ], "types": [ "Radiation Ionizing", "Neoplasm" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "NA" ], "space_programs": [ "NA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Lianghao Michael Michael Ding Story Weil" ], "publication_title": "Molecular characterisation of murine acute myeloid leukaemia induced by 56Fe ion and 137Cs gamma ray irradiation." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-95", "osd_num": 95, "identifiers": "GLDS-95", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-95", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/95", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/95" } }, "overview": { "title": "A Molecular Genetic Basis Explaining Altered Bacterial Behavior in Space", "description": "Bacterial behavior has been observed to change during spaceflight. Higher final cell counts, enhanced biofilm formation, increased virulence, and reduced susceptibility to antibiotics have been reported to occur for cells cultured in space . Most of these phenomena are theorized as being an indirect effect of an altered extracellular environment, where the carbon source uptake is inhibited and excreted acidic byproducts buildup around the cell due to the lack of gravity-driven transport forces. However, to date neither spaceflight results, ground-based studies, physical measurement techniques nor computational approaches have provided sufficient evidence needed to confirm this model. Gene expression data from the Antibiotic Effectiveness in Space (AES-1) experiment, however, have now allowed us to look into the biomolecular processes behind these observations and showed a systematic activation of glucose starvation and acid resistance genes. These results corroborate the reduced mass transport model proposed to govern bacterial responses to spaceflight. Furthermore, the gene expression data suggests that metabolism was stimulated in space, which could play a role in causing the observed increase in bacterial cell concentrations in microgravity. Similarly, the decrease in extracellular pH may also be involved with the reported increase in virulence in space.", "release_date": "2016-11-15", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-95/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Escherichia coli" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Dose" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "dose" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "CRS Orb-1 SpaceX-3 SpaceX-4" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Luis Zea" ], "publication_title": "A Molecular Genetic Basis Explaining Altered Bacterial Behavior in Space." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-96", "osd_num": 96, "identifiers": "GLDS-96", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-96", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/96", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/96" } }, "overview": { "title": "The development of Drosophila melanogaster during space flight", "description": "In prospective human exploration of outer space, the need to maintain a species over several generations under changed gravity conditions may arise. This paper reports the analysis of the third generation of fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster obtained during the 44.5-day space flight (Foton-M4 satellite, 2014, Russia), followed by the fourth generation on Earth and the fifth generation under conditions of a 12-day space flight (2014, in the Russian Segment of the ISS). The obtained results show that it is possible to obtain the third-fifth generations of a complex multicellular Earth organism under changed gravity conditions (in the cycle weightlessness - Earth - weightlessness), which preserves fertility and normal development. However, there were a number of changes in the expression levels and content of cytoskeletal proteins that are the key components of the spindle apparatus and the contractile ring of cells.", "release_date": "2016-10-19", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-96/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Drosophila melanogaster" ], "material_types": [ "Whole Organism" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina MiSeq" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Generation", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Generation", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "Foton-M4 and ISS Expedition 40/41" ], "flight_programs": [ "Foton-M4 satellite and International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "Russian Federal Space Agency" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Daniil Irina V Maksimov Ogneva" ], "publication_title": "The Development Of Drosophila Melanogaster under Different Duration Space Flight and Subsequent Adaptation to Earth Gravity Cosmic radiation measurements on the Foton-M4 satellite by passive detectors" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-97", "osd_num": 97, "identifiers": "GLDS-97", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-97", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/97", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/97" } }, "overview": { "title": "Gene-expression profiling of Saccharomyces cerevisiae irradiated by high-LET radiations", "description": "Ionizing radiations are categorized by linear energy transfer (LET) into low-LET and high-LET. High-LET is considered to have a higher relative biological effectiveness (RBE) than low-LET radiations. However the details of the effects have not been clearly determined. The aim of this study was to characterize the difference between high-LET and low LET radiations. The global effects of the three types of high-LET radiations (fast neutron heavy ion (C) and thermal neutron) were compared with the low-LET radiation (gamma ray) using yeast DNA microarrays. Highly induced genes by the three types of high-LET radiations were those genes related to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress was one of the common factors associated with the four types of radiations. Oxidative stress induced by high-LET radiations may be more serious than that induced by gamma rays. Additionally genes related to protein synthesis and the ubiquitin and proteasome system were detected. This suggests that more protein damages can be induced by high-LET radiation that denatures the proteins in yeast cells. The genes specifically altered by each type of high-LET radiation were also studied. Overall design: This series contains 4 kinds of irradiation-induced gene expression profiles. Triplicates hybridization was done in each irradiation exposure and each array have high and low power scanned data respectively. All biological samples were collected independently.", "release_date": "2007-11-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/genelab/img/GLDS97__study_image.png" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Saccharomyces cerevisiae" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Hitachisoft Hypergene Yeast Chip Ver. 2.0" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Radiation Ionzing" ], "types": [ "Radiation Ionizing" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "NA" ], "space_programs": [ "NA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "NA", "people": [ "Emiko Hitoshi Satomi Kitagawa Iwahashi Mizukami-Murata" ], "publication_title": "Genome-wide expression changes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in response to high-LET ionizing radiation." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-98", "osd_num": 98, "identifiers": "GLDS-98", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-98", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/98", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/98" } }, "overview": { "title": "Rodent Research-1 (RR1) NASA Validation Flight: Mouse adrenal gland transcriptomic, proteomic, and epigenomic data", "description": "NASA's Rodent Research (RR) project is playing a critical role in advancing biomedical research on the physiological effects of space environments. Due to the limited resources for conducting biological experiments aboard the International Space Station (ISS), it is imperative to use crew time efficiently while maximizing high-quality science return. NASA's GeneLab project has as its primary objectives to 1) further increase the value of these experiments using a multi-omics, systems biology-based approach, and 2) disseminate these data without restrictions to the scientific community. The current investigation assessed viability of RNA, DNA, and protein extracted from archived RR-1 tissue samples for epigenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic assays. During the first RR spaceflight experiment, a variety of tissue types were harvested from subjects, snap-frozen or RNAlater-preserved, and then stored at least a year at -80C after return to Earth. They were then prioritized for this investigation based on likelihood of significant scientific value for spaceflight research. All tissues were made available to GeneLab through the bio-specimen sharing program managed by the Ames Life Science Data Archive and included mouse adrenal glands, quadriceps, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, soleus, eye, and kidney. We report here protocols for and results of these tissue extractions, and thus, the feasibility and value of these kinds of omics analyses. In addition to providing additional opportunities for investigation of spaceflight effects on the mouse transcriptome and proteome in new kinds of tissues, our results may also be of value to program managers for the prioritization of ISS crew time for rodent research activities.", "release_date": "2017-02-28", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-98/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Not Applicable", "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Adrenal glands- both sides", "Not Applicable" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry", "Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing", "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein expression profiling", "DNA methylation profiling", "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "LTQ Orbitrap Fusion (Thermo Scientific)", "Illumina", "Illumina HiSeq 4000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-4" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan Ruth Galazka Globus" ], "publication_title": "A microRNA signature and TGF-beta1 response were identified as the key master regulators for spaceflight response NASA GeneLab Platform Utilized for Biological Response to Space Radiation in Animal Models" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-99", "osd_num": 99, "identifiers": "GLDS-99", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-99", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/99", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/99" } }, "overview": { "title": "Rodent Research-1 (RR1) NASA Validation Flight: Mouse extensor digitorum longus muscle transcriptomic and epigenomic data", "description": "NASA's Rodent Research (RR) project is playing a critical role in advancing biomedical research on the physiological effects of space environments. Due to the limited resources for conducting biological experiments aboard the International Space Station (ISS), it is imperative to use crew time efficiently while maximizing high-quality science return. NASA's GeneLab project has as its primary objectives to 1) further increase the value of these experiments using a multi-omics, systems biology-based approach, and 2) disseminate these data without restrictions to the scientific community. The current investigation assessed viability of RNA, DNA, and protein extracted from archived RR-1 tissue samples for epigenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic assays. During the first RR spaceflight experiment, a variety of tissue types were harvested from subjects, snap-frozen or RNAlater-preserved, and then stored at least a year at -80C after return to Earth. They were then prioritized for this investigation based on likelihood of significant scientific value for spaceflight research. All tissues were made available to GeneLab through the bio-specimen sharing program managed by the Ames Life Science Data Archive and included mouse adrenal glands, quadriceps, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, soleus, eye, and kidney. We report here protocols for and results of these tissue extractions, and thus, the feasibility and value of these kinds of omics analyses. In addition to providing additional opportunities for investigation of spaceflight effects on the mouse transcriptome and proteome in new kinds of tissues, our results may also be of value to program managers for the prioritization of ISS crew time for rodent research activities.", "release_date": "2017-02-28", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-99/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Extensor digitorum longus- both sides" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing", "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "DNA methylation profiling", "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina", "Illumina HiSeq 4000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-4" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "NASA Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan Ruth Galazka Globus" ], "publication_title": "NASA GeneLab Platform Utilized for Biological Response to Space Radiation in Animal Models" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-100", "osd_num": 100, "identifiers": "GLDS-100", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-100", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/100", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/100" } }, "overview": { "title": "Rodent Research-1 (RR1) NASA Validation Flight: Mouse eye transcriptomic and epigenomic data", "description": "NASA's Rodent Research (RR) project is playing a critical role in advancing biomedical research on the physiological effects of space environments. Due to the limited resources for conducting biological experiments aboard the International Space Station (ISS), it is imperative to use crew time efficiently while maximizing high-quality science return. NASA's GeneLab project has as its primary objectives to 1) further increase the value of these experiments using a multi-omics, systems biology-based approach, and 2) disseminate these data without restrictions to the scientific community. The current investigation assessed viability of RNA, DNA, and protein extracted from archived RR-1 tissue samples for epigenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic assays. During the first RR spaceflight experiment, a variety of tissue types were harvested from subjects, snap-frozen or RNAlater-preserved, and then stored at least a year at -80C after return to Earth. They were then prioritized for this investigation based on likelihood of significant scientific value for spaceflight research. All tissues were made available to GeneLab through the bio-specimen sharing program managed by the Ames Life Science Data Archive and included mouse adrenal glands, quadriceps, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, soleus, eye, and kidney. We report here protocols for and results of these tissue extractions, and thus, the feasibility and value of these kinds of omics analyses. In addition to providing additional opportunities for investigation of spaceflight effects on the mouse transcriptome and proteome in new kinds of tissues, our results may also be of value to program managers for the prioritization of ISS crew time for rodent research activities.", "release_date": "2017-02-28", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-100/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "left eye" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing", "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "DNA methylation profiling", "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina", "Illumina HiSeq 4000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-4" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "NASA Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Ruth Jonathan Globus Galazka" ], "publication_title": "NASA GeneLab Platform Utilized for Biological Response to Space Radiation in Animal Models" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-101", "osd_num": 101, "identifiers": "GLDS-101", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-101", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/101", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/101" } }, "overview": { "title": "Rodent Research-1 (RR1) NASA Validation Flight: Mouse left gastrocnemius muscle transcriptomic, proteomic, and epigenomic data", "description": "NASA's Rodent Research (RR) project is playing a critical role in advancing biomedical research on the physiological effects of space environments. Due to the limited resources for conducting biological experiments aboard the International Space Station (ISS), it is imperative to use crew time efficiently while maximizing high-quality science return. NASA's GeneLab project has as its primary objectives to 1) further increase the value of these experiments using a multi-omics, systems biology-based approach, and 2) disseminate these data without restrictions to the scientific community. The current investigation assessed viability of RNA, DNA, and protein extracted from archived RR-1 tissue samples for epigenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic assays. During the first RR spaceflight experiment (RR-1), a variety of tissue types were harvested from subjects, snap-frozen or RNAlater-preserved, and then stored at least a year at -80C after return to Earth. They were then prioritized for this investigation based on likelihood of significant scientific value for spaceflight research. All tissues were made available to GeneLab through the bio-specimen sharing program managed by the Ames Life Science Data Archive and included mouse adrenal glands, quadriceps, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, soleus, eye, and kidney. We report here protocols for and results of these tissue extractions, and thus, the feasibility and value of these kinds of omics analyses. In addition to providing additional opportunities for investigation of spaceflight effects on the mouse transcriptome and proteome in new kinds of tissues, our results may also be of value to program managers for the prioritization of ISS crew time for rodent research activities.", "release_date": "2017-02-28", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-101/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Not Applicable", "Left gastrocnemius" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "Whole Transcriptome Bisulfite Sequencing", "mass spectrometry", "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)", "Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "RNA methylation profiling", "protein expression profiling", "transcription profiling", "DNA methylation profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina", "Orbitrap Fusion(Thermo Scientific)" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-4" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan Ruth Galazka Globus" ], "publication_title": "A microRNA signature and TGF-β1 response were identified as the key master regulators for spaceflight response NASA GeneLab Platform Utilized for Biological Response to Space Radiation in Animal Models" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-102", "osd_num": 102, "identifiers": "GLDS-102", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-102", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/102", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/102" } }, "overview": { "title": "Rodent Research-1 (RR1) NASA Validation Flight: Mouse kidney transcriptomic, proteomic, and epigenomic data", "description": "NASA's Rodent Research (RR) project is playing a critical role in advancing biomedical research on the physiological effects of space environments. Due to the limited resources for conducting biological experiments aboard the International Space Station (ISS), it is imperative to use crew time efficiently while maximizing high-quality science return. NASA's GeneLab project has as its primary objectives to 1) further increase the value of these experiments using a multi-omics, systems biology-based approach, and 2) disseminate these data without restrictions to the scientific community. The current investigation assessed viability of RNA, DNA, and protein extracted from archived RR-1 tissue samples for epigenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic assays. During the first RR spaceflight experiment, a variety of tissue types were harvested from subjects, snap-frozen or RNAlater-preserved, and then stored at least a year at -80C after return to Earth. They were then prioritized for this investigation based on likelihood of significant scientific value for spaceflight research. All tissues were made available to GeneLab through the bio-specimen sharing program managed by the Ames Life Science Data Archive and included mouse adrenal glands, quadriceps, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, soleus, eye, and kidney. We report here protocols for and results of these tissue extractions, and thus, the feasibility and value of these kinds of omics analyses. In addition to providing additional opportunities for investigation of spaceflight effects on the mouse transcriptome and proteome in new kinds of tissues, our results may also be of value to program managers for the prioritization of ISS crew time for rodent research activities.", "release_date": "2017-02-28", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-102/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Not Applicable", "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Not Applicable", "Left kidney" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry", "Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing", "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)", "Whole Transcriptome Bisulfite Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein expression profiling", "DNA methylation profiling", "transcription profiling", "RNA methylation profiling" ], "platforms": [ "LTQ Orbitrap Fusion (Thermo Scientific)", "Illumina", "Illumina HiSeq 4000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-4" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "NASA Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan Ruth Galazka Globus" ], "publication_title": "A microRNA signature and TGF-beta1 response were identified as the key master regulators for spaceflight response NASA GeneLab Platform Utilized for Biological Response to Space Radiation in Animal Models" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-103", "osd_num": 103, "identifiers": "GLDS-103", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-103", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/103", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/103" } }, "overview": { "title": "Rodent Research-1 (RR1) NASA Validation Flight: Mouse quadriceps muscle transcriptomic, proteomic, and epigenomic data", "description": "NASA's Rodent Research (RR) project is playing a critical role in advancing biomedical research on the physiological effects of space environments. Due to the limited resources for conducting biological experiments aboard the International Space Station (ISS), it is imperative to use crew time efficiently while maximizing high-quality science return. NASA's GeneLab project has as its primary objectives to 1) further increase the value of these experiments using a multi-omics, systems biology-based approach, and 2) disseminate these data without restrictions to the scientific community. The current investigation assessed viability of RNA, DNA, and protein extracted from archived RR-1 tissue samples for epigenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic assays. During the first RR spaceflight experiment, a variety of tissue types were harvested from subjects, snap-frozen or RNAlater-preserved, and then stored at least a year at -80C after return to Earth. They were then prioritized for this investigation based on likelihood of significant scientific value for spaceflight research. All tissues were made available to GeneLab through the bio-specimen sharing program managed by the Ames Life Science Data Archive and included mouse adrenal glands, quadriceps, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, soleus, eye, and kidney. We report here protocols for and results of these tissue extractions, and thus, the feasibility and value of these kinds of omics analyses. In addition to providing additional opportunities for investigation of spaceflight effects on the mouse transcriptome and proteome in new kinds of tissues, our results may also be of value to program managers for the prioritization of ISS crew time for rodent research activities.", "release_date": "2017-02-28", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-103/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Not Applicable", "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Not Applicable", "Left quadriceps femoris" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry", "Whole Transcriptome Bisulfite Sequencing", "Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing", "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein expression profiling", "RNA methylation profiling", "DNA methylation profiling", "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "LTQ Orbitrap Fusion (Thermo Scientific)", "Illumina", "Illumina HiSeq 4000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-4" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "NASA Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan Ruth Galazka Globus" ], "publication_title": "A microRNA signature and TGF-beta1 response were identified as the key master regulators for spaceflight response NASA GeneLab Platform Utilized for Biological Response to Space Radiation in Animal Models" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-104", "osd_num": 104, "identifiers": "GLDS-104", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-104", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/104", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/104" } }, "overview": { "title": "Rodent Research-1 (RR1) NASA Validation Flight: Mouse soleus muscle transcriptomic and epigenomic data", "description": "NASA's Rodent Research (RR) project is playing a critical role in advancing biomedical research on the physiological effects of space environments. Due to the limited resources for conducting biological experiments aboard the International Space Station (ISS), it is imperative to use crew time efficiently while maximizing high-quality science return. NASA's GeneLab project has as its primary objectives to 1) further increase the value of these experiments using a multi-omics, systems biology-based approach, and 2) disseminate these data without restrictions to the scientific community. The current investigation assessed viability of RNA, DNA, and protein extracted from archived RR-1 tissue samples for epigenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic assays. During the first RR spaceflight experiment, a variety of tissue types were harvested from subjects, snap-frozen or RNAlater-preserved, and then stored at least a year at -80C after return to Earth. They were then prioritized for this investigation based on likelihood of significant scientific value for spaceflight research. All tissues were made available to GeneLab through the bio-specimen sharing program managed by the Ames Life Science Data Archive and included mouse adrenal glands, quadriceps, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, soleus, eye, and kidney. We report here protocols for and results of these tissue extractions, and thus, the feasibility and value of these kinds of omics analyses. In addition to providing additional opportunities for investigation of spaceflight effects on the mouse transcriptome and proteome in new kinds of tissues, our results may also be of value to program managers for the prioritization of ISS crew time for rodent research activities.", "release_date": "2017-02-28", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-104/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Soleus-both sides" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)", "Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling", "DNA methylation profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-4" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Ruth Jonathan M Globus Galazka" ], "publication_title": "A microRNA signature and TGF-β1 response were identified as the key master regulators for spaceflight response NASA GeneLab Platform Utilized for Biological Response to Space Radiation in Animal Models" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-105", "osd_num": 105, "identifiers": "GLDS-105", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-105", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/105", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/105" } }, "overview": { "title": "Rodent Research-1 (RR1) NASA Validation Flight: Mouse tibialis anterior muscle transcriptomic, proteomic, and epigenomic data", "description": "NASA's Rodent Research (RR) project is playing a critical role in advancing biomedical research on the physiological effects of space environments. Due to the limited resources for conducting biological experiments aboard the International Space Station (ISS), it is imperative to use crew time efficiently while maximizing high-quality science return. NASA's GeneLab project has as its primary objectives to 1) further increase the value of these experiments using a multi-omics, systems biology-based approach, and 2) disseminate these data without restrictions to the scientific community. The current investigation assessed viability of RNA, DNA, and protein extracted from archived RR-1 tissue samples for epigenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic assays. During the first RR spaceflight experiment, a variety of tissue types were harvested from subjects, snap-frozen or RNAlater-preserved, and then stored at least a year at -80C after return to Earth. They were then prioritized for this investigation based on likelihood of significant scientific value for spaceflight research. All tissues were made available to GeneLab through the bio-specimen sharing program managed by the Ames Life Science Data Archive and included mouse adrenal glands, quadriceps, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, soleus, eye, and kidney. We report here protocols for and results of these tissue extractions, and thus, the feasibility and value of these kinds of omics analyses. In addition to providing additional opportunities for investigation of spaceflight effects on the mouse transcriptome and proteome in new kinds of tissues, our results may also be of value to program managers for the prioritization of ISS crew time for rodent research activities.", "release_date": "2017-02-28", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-105/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Not Applicable", "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Not Applicable", "Left tibialis anterior" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)", "mass spectrometry", "Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing", "Whole Transcriptome Bisulfite Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling", "protein expression profiling", "DNA methylation profiling", "RNA methylation profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina", "LTQ Orbitrap Fusion (Thermo Scientific)" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-4" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan Ruth Galazka Globus" ], "publication_title": "A microRNA signature and TGF-β1 response were identified as the key master regulators for spaceflight response. NASA GeneLab Platform Utilized for Biological Response to Space Radiation in Animal Models." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-106", "osd_num": 106, "identifiers": "GLDS-106", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-106", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/106", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/106" } }, "overview": { "title": "Streptococcus mutans differential gene expression in response to simulated microgravity", "description": "Astronauts have been previously shown to exhibit decreased salivary lysozyme and increased dental calculus and gingival inflammation in response to space flight, host factors that could contribute to oral diseases such as caries and periodontitis. However, the specific physiological response of caries-causing bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans to space flight and/or ground-based simulated microgravity has not been extensively investigated. In this study, High Aspect Ratio Vessel (HARV) S. mutans simulated microgravity and normal gravity cultures were assessed for changes in metabolite and transcriptome profiles, H2O2 resistance, and competence in sucrose-containing biofilm media. Stationary phase S. mutans simulated microgravity cultures displayed increased killing by H2O2 compared to normal gravity control cultures, but competence was not affected. RNA-seq analysis revealed that expression of 153 genes was up-regulated greater than or equal to 2-fold and 94 genes down-regulated greater than or equal to 2-fold during simulated microgravity HARV growth. These included a number of genes located on extrachromosomal elements, as well as genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, translation, and stress responses. Collectively, these results suggest that growth under microgravity analog conditions promotes changes in S. mutans gene expression and physiology that may translate to an altered cariogenic potential of this organism during space flight missions. Overall design: Differential gene expression was compared between RNA from S. mutans grown in normal gravity HARVs (n equals 3 independent cultures) and RNA from S. mutans grown in simulated microgravity HARVs (n equals 3 independent cultures)", "release_date": "2017-03-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-106/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Streptococcus mutans" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina HiSeq 2500" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Microgravity Simulation" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "ARC", "people": [ "Kelly C Rice" ], "publication_title": "Investigation of simulated microgravity effects on Streptococcus mutans physiology and global gene expression" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-107", "osd_num": 107, "identifiers": "GLDS-107", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-107", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/107", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/107" } }, "overview": { "title": "The Role of PTHrP in Osteoblast Response to Microgravity: Implications for Osteoporosis Development.", "description": "Prolonged skeletal unloading through bedrest results in bone loss similar to that observed in elderly osteoporotic patients, but with an accelerated timeframe. This rapid effect on weight-bearing bones is also observed in astronauts who lose up to 2% of their bone mass per month spent in Space. Despite important implications for Spaceflight travellers and bedridden patients on Earth, the exact mechanisms involved in disuse osteoporosis have not been elucidated. Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) regulates many physiological processes including skeletal development, and has been proposed as a gravisensor. To investigate the role of PTHrP in microgravity-induced bone loss, trabecular osteoblasts (TOs) from Pthrp+/+ and -/- mice were exposed to simulated microgravity for 6 days. Viability of TOs decreased in inverse proportion to PTHrP expression levels. Microarray analysis of Pthrp+/+ TOs after 6 days at 0g revealed expression changes in genes encoding prolactins,apoptosis and survival molecules, bone metabolism and extra-cellular matrix composition proteins, chemokines, IGF family and Wnt-related signalling molecules. Importantly, 88% of 0g-induced expression changes in Pthrp+/+ cells overlap those observed in Pthrp-/- cells in normal gravity. Pulsatile treatment with PTHrP1-36 peptide during microgravity exposure reversed a large proportion of 0g-induced changes in Pthrp+/+ TOs. Our results confirm PTHrP efficacy as an anabolic agent to prevent microgravity-induced cell death in TOs. Total RNA samples extracted from Pthrp+/+and -/- trabecular osteoblasts (TOs) exposed for 6 days to simulated 0g in Synthecon rotating cell, or left 6 days in culture at 1g. Cells had either been treated with a pulsatile treatment (2 h/day) of PTHrP1-36 peptide (10-8M) or received a change in growth medium. In total: 8 different conditions with 2 replicates each, i.e. Pthrp+/+ TOs at 0g or 1g with or without PTHrP1-36 treatment, and Pthrp-/- TOs at 0g or 1 g,with or without PTHrP1-36 treatment.", "release_date": "2016-08-09", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-107/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "primary cell" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Treatment", "Genotype", "Microgravity Simulation" ], "types": [ "treatment", "Genotype", "Weightlessness Simulation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "CSA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Anne Andrew C Camirand Karaplis" ], "publication_title": "The Role of Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein (PTHrP) in Osteoblast Response to Microgravity: Mechanistic Implications for Osteoporosis Development." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-108", "osd_num": 108, "identifiers": "GLDS-108", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-108", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/108", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/108" } }, "overview": { "title": "STS-135 Liver Metabolomics", "description": "Mice were flown onboard STS-135 and returned to Earth for analysis. Livers were collected within 3-4 hours of landing and snap frozen in liquid nitrogen. Samples were shipped to Metabolon, Inc. for analysis.", "release_date": "2017-04-28", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-108/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Liver" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry" ], "measurement_types": [ "metabolite profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Thermo-Finnigan Mass Spectrometer" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "STS-135" ], "flight_programs": [ "Space Transportation System (STS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Michael Xiao Karen Nina Rob Daila Denise J Pecaut Mao Jonscher Nishiyama Mohney Gridley Bellinger" ], "publication_title": "Spaceflight Activates Lipotoxic Pathways in Mouse Liver Is spaceflight-induced immune dysfunction linked to systemic changes in metabolism? Spaceflight Activates Autophagy Programs and the Proteasome in Mouse Liver" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-109", "osd_num": 109, "identifiers": "GLDS-109", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-109", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/109", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/109" } }, "overview": { "title": "Delayed Cardiomyocyte Response to Total Body Particle Radiation Exposure - Identification of Regulatory Gene Network [iron]", "description": "We examined molecular responses using transcriptome profiling in isolated left ventricular murine cardiomyocytes to 90 cGy, 1 GeV proton (1H) and 15 cGy, 1 GeV/nucleon (n) iron (56Fe) particles 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after exposure. Unsupervised clustering analysis of gene expression segregated samples according to the radiation (IR) response, and time after exposure with 56Fe-IR showing the greatest level of gene modulation. 1H-IR exposures showed little differential transcript modulation. Network analysis categorized the major differentially expressed genes into cell cycle, oxidative responses and transcriptional regulation functional groups. Transcriptional networks identified key nodes regulating expression. Individual transcription factors were inferred to be active at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after exposure. Validation of the signal transduction network by protein analysis showed that particle IR clearly regulates a long lived signaling mechanism for p38 MAPK signaling and NFATc4 activation. Electrophoresis mobility shift assays supported the role of additional key transcription factors GATA-4, STAT-3 and NF-kB as regulators of the response at specific time points. These data suggest that the molecular response to 56Fe-IR is unique and shows long-lasting gene expression in cardiomyocytes, up to 28 days after exposure. Additionally, proteins involved in signal transduction and transcriptional activation via DNA binding play a role in the response to high charge (Z) and energy (E) particles (HZE). Our study may have implications for NASA's efforts to develop heart disease risk estimates for astronauts safety via identification of specific HZE-IR molecular markers and for patients receiving conventional and particle radiotherapy. Transcriptome profiling in isolated left ventricular murine cardiomyocytes to 90 cGy, 1 GeV proton (1H) and 15 cGy, 1 GeV/nucleon (n) iron (56Fe) particles 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after exposure.", "release_date": "2016-01-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-109/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "primary left ventricular cell" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment", "Ionizing Radiation" ], "types": [ "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment", "ionizing radiation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Johnson Space Center (JSC)", "people": [ "Matthew David A Coleman Goukassian" ], "publication_title": "Low-dose radiation affects cardiac physiology: gene networks and molecular signaling in cardiomyocytes. GeneLab Database Analyses Suggest Long-Term Impact of Space Radiation on the Cardiovascular System by the Activation of FYN Through Reactive Oxygen Species" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-110", "osd_num": 110, "identifiers": "GLDS-110", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-110", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/110", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/110" } }, "overview": { "title": "The influence of simulated microgravity on the proteome of Daphnia magna", "description": "Background/Objectives: The waterflea Daphnia is an interesting candidate for bioregenerative life support systems (BLSS). These animals are particularly promising because of their central role in the limnic food web and its mode of reproduction. However, the response of Daphnia to altered gravity conditions has to be investigated, especially on the molecular level, to evaluate the suitability of Daphnia for BLSS in space. Methods: In this study, we applied a proteomic approach to identify key proteins and pathways involved in the response of Daphnia to simulated microgravity generated by a 2D-clinostat. We analysed 5 biological replicates using 2D-DIGE proteomic analysis. Results: We identified 109 protein spots differing in intensity (p less than 0.05). Substantial fractions of these proteins are involved in actin microfilament organisation, indicating the disruption of cytoskeletal structures during clinorotation. Furthermore, proteins involved in protein folding were identified, suggesting altered gravity induced breakdown of protein structures in general. In addition, simulated microgravity increased the abundance of energy metabolism related proteins, indicating an enhanced energy demand of Daphnia. Conclusion: The affected biological processes were also described in other studies using different organisms and systems either aiming to simulate microgravity conditions or providing real microgravity conditions. Moreover, most of the Daphnia protein sequences are well conserved throughout taxa, indicating that the response to altered gravity conditions in Daphnia follows a general concept.", "release_date": "2015-09-08", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-110/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Daphnia magna" ], "material_types": [ "Whole Organism" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "gel electrophoresis", "mass spectrometry" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein expression profiling", "protein identification" ], "platforms": [ "2D-DIGE", "LTQ Orbitrap" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Microgravity Simulation" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Kathrin Georg A Otte Arnold" ], "publication_title": "The influence of simulated microgravity on the proteome of Daphnia magna" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-111", "osd_num": 111, "identifiers": "GLDS-111", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-111", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/111", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/111" } }, "overview": { "title": "Global gene expression analysis highlights microgravity sensitive key genes in soleus and EDL of 30 days space flown mice", "description": "Microgravity exposure as well as chronic muscle disuse are two of the main causes of physiological adaptive skeletal muscle atrophy in humans and murine animals in physiological condition. The aim of this study was to investigate, at both morphological and global gene expression level, skeletal muscle adaptation to microgravity in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL). Adult male mice C57BL/N6 were flown aboard the BION-M1 biosatellite for 30 days on orbit (BF) or housed in a replicate flight habitat on Earth (BG) as reference flight control. In this study, we investigated for the first time gene expression adaptation to 30 days of microgravity exposure in mouse soleus and EDL, highlighting potential new targets for improvement of countermeasures able to ameliorate or even prevent microgravity-induced atrophy in future spaceflights. Overall Design: C57BL/N6 mice were randomly divided in 3 groups: Bion Flown (BF), mice flown aboard the Bion M1 biosatellite in microgravity environment for 30 days; Bion Ground (BG), mice housed in the same habitat of flown animals but exposed to earth gravity; and Flight Control (FC), mice housed in a standard animal facility.", "release_date": "2017-01-15", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-111/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Soleus", "Extensor digitorum longus" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Tissue" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Tissue" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "Bion_M1" ], "flight_programs": [ "BION-M1 biosatellite" ], "space_programs": [ "German Aerospace Center (DLR)" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Dieter Blottner" ], "publication_title": "Gene Expression Profiling in Slow-Type Calf Soleus Muscle of 30 Days Space-Flown Mice. A microRNA signature and TGF-Beta1 response were identified as the key master regulators for spaceflight response Global transcriptomic analysis suggests carbon dioxide as an environmental stressor in spaceflight: A systems biology GeneLab case study" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-112", "osd_num": 112, "identifiers": "GLDS-112", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-112", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/112", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/112" } }, "overview": { "title": "Microgravity effect on C. elegans N2/VC (CERISE, 4 days)", "description": "Microgravity effect on C. elegans gene expression was analysed by whole genome microarray. The worms were cultivated under microgravity for 4 days in the Japanese Module of the International Space Station. C. elegans N2 was exposed microgravity for 4 days. The worms synchronously were cultivated from L1 larvae to adult. There are two control groups, onboard 1G and ground 1G control.", "release_date": "2016-08-31", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-112/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Caenorhabditis elegans" ], "material_types": [ "Whole Organism" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Altered Gravity", "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Gravity", "Altered", "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "STS-129" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "JAXA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Akira T Higashibata Hashizume" ], "publication_title": "Microgravity elicits reproducible alterations in cytoskeletal and metabolic gene and protein expression in space-flown Caenorhabditis elegans" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-113", "osd_num": 113, "identifiers": "GLDS-113", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-113", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/113", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/113" } }, "overview": { "title": "Expression Data from International C. elegans Experiment 1st (ICE-FIRST)", "description": "The effect of microgravity on gene expression in C.elegans was comprehensively analysed by DNA microarray (Agilent). Overall design: Mix staged C. elegans N2 was exposed microgravity for 10 days.", "release_date": "2016-08-31", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-113/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Caenorhabditis elegans" ], "material_types": [ "Whole Organism" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "Expedition 9" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "JAXA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Akira T Higashibata Hashizume" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-114", "osd_num": 114, "identifiers": "GLDS-114", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-114", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/114", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/114" } }, "overview": { "title": "Gene Expression Profile Changes due to Bleomycin-Induced DNA Damage in Human Fibroblasts in Space", "description": "To understand gene expression responses in confluent human fibroblast in microgravity conditions to bleomycin treatment. Confluent human fibroblasts AG01522 were flown to the International Space Station (ISS). After three day on ISS, the cells were treated with bleomycin at 1.0 microg/ml for 3 hours. The cells were washed and fixed with RNALater. Total RNA were isolated after the samples were returned to earth and subject to microarray analysis.", "release_date": "2017-01-20", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-114/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Treatment" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-3" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Tao Ye K Honglu Lu Zhang Yared Wu" ], "publication_title": "Cellular responses and gene expression profile changes due to bleomycin-induced DNA damage in human fibroblasts in space" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-115", "osd_num": 115, "identifiers": "GLDS-115", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-115", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/115", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/115" } }, "overview": { "title": "Gene expression profiling in human fibroblast after low-LET irradiation", "description": "Exposure to radiation provokes cellular responses controlled in part by gene expression networks. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs which mostly regulate gene expression by degrading the messages or inhibiting translation. Here, we investigated changes in miRNA expression patterns after low (0.1 Gy) and high (2.0 Gy) doses of X-ray in human fibroblasts. At early (0.5 h) and late (6 and 24 h) time points, irradiation caused qualitative and quantitative differences in the down-regulation of miRNA levels, including miR-92b, 137, 660, and 656. A transient up-regulation of miRNAs was observed after 2 h post-irradiation following high doses of radiation, including miR-558 and 662. MicroRNA levels were inversely correlated with targets from mRNA and proteomic profiling after 2.0 Gy of radiation. MicroRNAs miR-579, 608, 548-3p, and 585 are noted for targeting genes involved in radioresponsive mechanisms, such as cell cycle checkpoint and apoptosis. We suggest here a model in which miRNAs may act as hub regulators of specific cellular responses, immediately down-regulated so as to stimulate DNA repair mechanisms, followed by up-regulation involved in suppressing apoptosis for cell survival. Taken together, miRNAs may mediate signaling pathways in sequential fashion in response to radiation, and may serve as biodosimetric markers of radiation exposure. Overall design: The gene expression patterns in human fibroblasts after 2.0 Gy of low-LET radiation was determined at 2 and 24 hrs post-irradiation time in technical triplicates. Control non-irradiated samples were also prepared in triplicates.", "release_date": "2010-06-20", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-115/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "NASA Johnson Space Center", "people": [ "Olivier Eugenia Charles Maes Wang" ], "publication_title": "Changes in MicroRNA expression patterns in human fibroblasts after low-LET radiation." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-116", "osd_num": 116, "identifiers": "GLDS-116", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-116", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/116", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/116" } }, "overview": { "title": "Biological and Metabolic Response in STS-135 Space-flown Mouse Skin", "description": "Changes in gene expression profiles implicated in oxidative stress and in ECM remodeling in mouse skin were examined after space flight. The metabolic effects of space flight in skin tissues were also characterized.", "release_date": "2017-04-28", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-116/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Skin" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry", "real time PCR" ], "measurement_types": [ "metabolite profiling", "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Thermo-Finnigan Mass Spectrometer", "RT2 Profiler PCR array" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "STS-135" ], "flight_programs": [ "Space Transportation System (STS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Xiao W Mao" ], "publication_title": "Biological and Metabolic Response in STS-135 Space-flown Mouse Skin" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-117", "osd_num": 117, "identifiers": "GLDS-117", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-117", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/117", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/117" } }, "overview": { "title": "Delayed Cardiomyocyte Response to Total Body Particle Radiation Exposure - Identification of Regulatory Gene Network [proton]", "description": "We examined molecular responses using transcriptome profiling in isolated left ventricular murine cardiomyocytes to 90 cGy, 1 GeV proton (1H) and 15 cGy, 1 GeV/nucleon (n) proton (56Fe) particles 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after exposure. Unsupervised clustering analysis of gene expression segregated samples according to the radiation (IR) response, and time after exposure with 56Fe-IR showing the greatest level of gene modulation. 1H-IR exposures showed little differential transcript modulation. Network analysis categorized the major differentially expressed genes into cell cycle, oxidative responses and transcriptional regulation functional groups. Transcriptional networks identified key nodes regulating expression. Individual transcription factors were inferred to be active at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after exposure. Validation of the signal transduction network by protein analysis showed that particle IR clearly regulates a long lived signaling mechanism for p38 MAPK signaling and NFATc4 activation. Electrophoresis mobility shift assays supported the role of additional key transcription factors GATA-4, STAT-3 and NF-kB as regulators of the response at specific time points. These data suggest that the molecular response to 56Fe-IR is unique and shows long-lasting gene expression in cardiomyocytes, up to 28 days after exposure. Additionally, proteins involved in signal transduction and transcriptional activation via DNA binding play a role in the response to high charge (Z) and energy (E) particles (HZE). Our study may have implications for NASA's efforts to develop heart disease risk estimates for astronauts safety via identification of specific HZE-IR molecular markers and for patients receiving conventional and particle radiotherapy. Transcriptome profiling in isolated left ventricular murine cardiomyocytes to 90 cGy, 1 GeV proton (1H) and 15 cGy, 1 GeV/nucleon (n) proton (56Fe) particles 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after exposure.", "release_date": "2016-01-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-117/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "murine left ventricular cardiomyocytes" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Johnson Space Center (JSC)", "people": [ "Matthew David A Coleman Goukassian" ], "publication_title": "Low-dose radiation affects cardiac physiology: gene networks and molecular signaling in cardiomyocytes. GeneLab Database Analyses Suggest Long-Term Impact of Space Radiation on the Cardiovascular System by the Activation of FYN Through Reactive Oxygen Species" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-118", "osd_num": 118, "identifiers": "GLDS-118", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-118", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/118", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/118" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transient gene expression profile changes of confluent human fibroblast cells in spaceflight", "description": "Microgravity or an altered gravity environment from the static 1g has been shown to influence global gene expression patterns and protein levels in cultured cells or animals, but it is unclear how these changes in gene and protein expressions are related to each other or are related to other factors regulating such changes. Recent advancement in the field of molecular biology revealed that a different class of RNA, the small non-coding microRNA (miRNA), can have a broad effect on gene expression networks by mainly inhibiting the translational process. In this experiment conducted on the International Space Station, we propose to test the hypotheses that miRNA profiles will be altered in the space environment, and that cellular responses to DNA damage in space are different from those on the ground.", "release_date": "2017-04-28", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-118/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Exiqon", "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Time" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-3" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Johnson Space Center (JSC)", "people": [ "Honglu Ye Wu Zhang" ], "publication_title": "Transient gene and microRNA expression profile changes of confluent human fibroblast cells in spaceflight." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-119", "osd_num": 119, "identifiers": "GLDS-119", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-119", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/119", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/119" } }, "overview": { "title": "Effect of microgravity on an animal-bacteria symbiosis", "description": "Spaceflight imposes numerous adaptive challenges for terrestrial life. The reduction in gravity, or microgravity, represents a novel environment that can disrupt homeostasis of many physiological processes. Additionally, it is becoming increasingly clear that an organism's microbiome is critical for host health and examining its resiliency in microgravity represents a new frontier for space biology research. In this study, we examine the impact of microgravity on the interactions between the squid Euprymna scolopes and its beneficial symbiont Vibrio fischeri, which form a highly specific binary mutualism. First, animals inoculated with V. fischeri aboard the space shuttle showed effective colonization of the host light organ, the site of the symbiosis, during spaceflight. Second, RNA-Seq analysis of squid exposed to modeled microgravity conditions exhibited extensive differential gene expression in the presence and absence of the symbiotic partner. Transcriptomic analyses revealed in the absence of the symbiont during modeled microgravity there was an enrichment of genes and pathways associated with the innate immune and oxidative stress response. The results suggest that V. fischeri may help modulate the host stress responses under modeled microgravity. This study provides a window into the adaptive responses that the host animal and its symbiont use during modeled microgravity.", "release_date": "2017-04-28", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-119/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Euprymna scolopes" ], "material_types": [ "Light organ" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Microgravity Simulation", "Treatment", "Time" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation", "treatment", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Giorgio Jamie Casaburi Foster" ], "publication_title": "Transcriptomic changes in an animal-bacterial symbiosis under modeled microgravity conditions" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-120", "osd_num": 120, "identifiers": "GLDS-120 LSDS-33", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-120", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/120", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/120" } }, "overview": { "title": "Genetic dissection of the Arabidopsis spaceflight transcriptome: Are some responses dispensable for the physiological adaptation of plants to spaceflight?", "description": "Experimentation on the International Space Station has reached the stage where repeated and nuanced transcriptome studies are beginning to illuminate the structural and metabolic differences between plants grown in space compared to plants on the Earth. Genes that are important in establishing the spaceflight responses are being identified, their roles in spaceflight physiological adaptation are increasingly understood, and the fact that different genotypes adapt differently is recognized. However, the basic question of whether these spaceflight responses are actually required for survival has yet to be posed, and the fundamental notion that spaceflight responses may be non-adaptive has yet to be explored. Therefore the experiments presented here were designed to ask if portions of the plant spaceflight response can be genetically removed without causing loss of spaceflight survival and without causing increased stress responses. The CARA experiment compared the spaceflight transcriptome responses in the root tips of two Arabidopsis ecotypes, Col-0 and WS, as well as that of a PhyD mutant of Col-0. When grown with the ambient light of the ISS, phyD plants displayed a significantly reduced spaceflight transcriptome response compared to Col-0, suggesting that altering the activity of a single gene can actually improve spaceflight adaptation by reducing the transcriptome cost of physiological adaptation. The WS genotype showed an even simpler spaceflight transcriptome response in the ambient light of the ISS, more broadly indicating that the plant genotype can be manipulated to reduce the cost of spaceflight adaptation, as measured by transcriptional response. These differential genotypic responses suggest that genetic manipulation could further reduce, or perhaps eliminate the metabolic cost of spaceflight adaptation. When plants were germinated and then left in the dark on the ISS, the WS genotype actually mounted a larger transcriptome response than Col-0, suggesting that the in-space light environment affects physiological adaptation, which implies that manipulating the local habitat can also substantially impact the metabolic cost of spaceflight adaptation.", "release_date": "2017-06-08", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-120/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)", "Photography" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling", "Image Analysis" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina", "CARA" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ecotype", "Spaceflight", "Treatment" ], "types": [ "Ecotype", "Space Flight", "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-3" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Anna-Lisa Natasha J Agata K Aparna Eric R Robert J Paul Sng Zupanska Krishnamurthy Schultz Ferl" ], "publication_title": "Genetic dissection of the Arabidopsis spaceflight transcriptome: Are some responses dispensable for the physiological adaptation of plants to spaceflight?" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-121", "osd_num": 121, "identifiers": "GLDS-121 LSDS-56", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-121", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/121", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/121" } }, "overview": { "title": "Biological Research in Canisters-16 (BRIC-16): Transcriptomics, Glycomics, and Morphometric photography.", "description": "These investigations studied the fundamentals of how plants perceive gravity and develop in microgravity. It informs how gene regulation is altered by spaceflight conditions. We noted expression changes in genes involved in hypoxia and heat shock responses, DNA repair, and cell wall structure between spaceflight samples compared to the ground controls. In addition, glycome profiling supported our expression analyses in that there was a difference in cell wall components between ground control and spaceflight-grown plants. Comparing our studies to those of the other BRIC-16 experiments demonstrated that, even with the same hardware and similar biological materials, differences in results in gene expression were found among these spaceflight experiments.", "release_date": "2017-06-08", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-121/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray", "Image analysis", "ELISA" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling", "Morphometric analysis", "Glycomic Profile" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix", "photography", "Thermo Fisher Scientific" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "STS-131" ], "flight_programs": [ "STS-131" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Christina Sivakumar Michael Aswati Katherine Melanie John M G D J Z Johnson Pattathil Hahn Subramanian Millar Correll Kiss" ], "publication_title": "Comparative transcriptomics indicate changes in cell wall organization and stress response in seedlings during spaceflight Morphometric analyses of petioles of seedlings grown in a spaceflight experiment" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-122", "osd_num": 122, "identifiers": "GLDS-122", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-122", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/122", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/122" } }, "overview": { "title": "Microgravity induces proteomics changes involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial protection", "description": "To reveal outcomes of microgravity on molecular processes within the cellular environment we have employed a mass-spectrometry based proteomics approach. Proteomics analysis based on mass spectrometry allows for the relative quantitation of a large number of proteins concurrently, and in a relatively unbiased manner. Mass spectrometry based proteomics can be rendered even more informative by addition of a labeling component to understand the dynamics of the changing protein content. In this study, we utilized a combination of proteomics techniques, namely label-free quantification and dynamic stable-isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (Dynamic SILAC) to characterize the microgravity stress response in primary cardiomyocytes.", "release_date": "2017-06-30", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-122/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Rattus norvegicus" ], "material_types": [ "primary cell" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein expression profiling" ], "platforms": [ "SYNAPT G2 HDMS (Waters)" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Microgravity Simulation", "Time" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Dawn Bowles" ], "publication_title": "Microgravity induces proteomics changes involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial protection" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-123", "osd_num": 123, "identifiers": "GLDS-123", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-123", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/123", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/123" } }, "overview": { "title": "Exposure of zebrafish larvae to 3g and 5g hyper gravity between 5-6 days post-fertilization.", "description": "The general objective of the study was to determine modulation of gene expression by environmental factors, with a special emphasis on bone formation. For this reason, the specific period of treatment was chosen between 5-6 days post-fertilization (dpf), when bone formation and calcification are taking place. Zebrafish larvae were placed at 5 dpf into a Large Diameter Centrifuge and brought to a gravitational force of 3g or 5g for 24 hours. We show that this treatment causes a clear increase of bone formation, as illustrated by cranial skeleton staining of the bone matrix by Alizarin Red, by morphometric analysis of the resulting images and by gene expression studies of selected genes. Thus, a whole genome micro-array experiment was conducted to identify genes that may be involved in the observed effect on bone formation.", "release_date": "2015-02-27", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-123/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Danio rerio" ], "material_types": [ "Whole Organism" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Altered Gravity" ], "types": [ "Gravity", "Altered" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "ESA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Rasoul Marc Nourizadeh Muller" ], "publication_title": "Zebrafish bone and general physiology are differently affected by hormones or changes in gravity." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-124", "osd_num": 124, "identifiers": "GLDS-124", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-124", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/124", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/124" } }, "overview": { "title": "Effect of electromagnetic fields on the chondrogenic differentiation under microgravity conditions", "description": "A combination therapy of electromagnetic fields (EMF) and simulated microgravity (SMG) has not been examined in regenerative medicine of cartilage. In the present study, a bioreactor system using extremely low-frequency EMF and SMG was applied during the chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). It was hypothesized that a beneficial effect of EMF regarding chondrogenesis (COL2A) could be combined with an avoiding effect of SMG regarding hypertrophy (COLXA1) of cartilage. Pellet cultures of hMSCs formed cartilaginous tissue under the addition of growth factors (FGF; TGF-beta3). Pure SMG reduced COLXA1 expression but also COL2A expression of hMSCs. Pure EMF showed no gene expression changes of hMSCs during chondrogenic differentiation. Combining EMF/SMG resulted in a re-increase of COL2A but did not reach control levels. The COL2A to COLXA1 ratio of combined EMF/SMG was not significantly different from control levels. The combination therapy of EMF/SMG did not significantly improve the chondrogenic potential of hMSCs. chondrogenic differentiation, electromagnetic stimulation-control, 1 timepoint with/without stimulation.", "release_date": "2015-12-31", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-124/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Electromagnetic Fields" ], "types": [ "Electromagnetic Fields" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Stefan Susanne Florian Helmut Stefan Julia Boris Volkmar Peter I M E Krebs Mayer-Wagner Hammerschmid Blum Krebs Redeker Holzapfel Jansson Muller" ], "publication_title": "Effects of single and combined low frequency electromagnetic fields and simulated microgravity on gene expression of human mesenchymal stem cells during chondrogenesis" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-125", "osd_num": 125, "identifiers": "GLDS-125", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-125", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/125", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/125" } }, "overview": { "title": "mRNA expression profile in DLD-1 and MOLT-4 cancer cell lines cultured under Microgravity", "description": "DLD-1 and MOLT-4 cell lines were cultured in a rotating cell culture system to simulate microgravity and mRNA expression profile in comparison to Static controls. Cells were grown in 10mL rotating vessels in a Rotary Cell Culture System (RCCS) and in 60mm Petri dishes (test, control respectively). Two replicates of test (Microgravity) and control (static), each from DLD-1 and MOLT-4 were analyzed by microarray. Simulated microgravity affected the solid tumor cell line DLD-1 markedly which showed a higher percentage of dysregulated genes compared to the hematological tumor cell line, MOLT-4. Microgravity affects the cell cycle of DLD-1 cells and disturbs expression of cell cycle regulatory gene networks. Multiple microRNA host genes were dysregulated and significantly, mir-22, tumor suppressor microRNA, is highly upregulated in DLD-1.", "release_date": "2017-02-07", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-125/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Microgravity Simulation", "Cell Line" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation", "cell line" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Rama Shanker Verma" ], "publication_title": "Genome Wide Expression Profiling of Cancer Cell Lines Cultured in Microgravity Reveals Significant Dysregulation of Cell Cycle and MicroRNA Gene Networks" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-126", "osd_num": 126, "identifiers": "GLDS-126", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-126", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/126", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/126" } }, "overview": { "title": "Analysis of dust samples from the Russian part of the ISS", "description": "Our study focuses on the hardiest microorganisms inhabiting the ISS, in order to assess their diversity, and capabilities to resist certain stresses. We specifically selected dust samples from the Russian modules that were obtained 8-10 years ago, and stored since then under sealed conditions on Earth. Targeting long-time survivors and spore-forming microorganisms, we assessed consequently the cultivable microbial community of these samples, in order to obtain model microbial strains that could help to analyze specific adaptation towards environmental stresses, such as desiccation and lack of nutrients. In this study, we analyzed these microorganisms with respect to their resistance towards thermal stress and exposure to clinically relevant antibiotics. In addition, we assessed the bacterial and archaeal community via molecular methods (NGS sequencing) and compared our new data with the previously derived information from the ISS microbiome.", "release_date": "2016-12-08", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-126/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [ "Dust", "Not Applicable" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "16S" ], "measurement_types": [ "Amplicon Sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Sample Location", "Treatment", "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Sample Location", "treatment", "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "Expedition 9 Expedition 16" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "Russian Space Agency" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Christine Moissl-Eichinger" ], "publication_title": "Resilient microorganisms in dust samples of the International Space Station-survival of the adaptation specialists." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-127", "osd_num": 127, "identifiers": "GLDS-127", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-127", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/127", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/127" } }, "overview": { "title": "Global gene expression profiles of cardiac progenitors differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells in 3D culture under simulated microgravity", "description": "Efficient generation of cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells is critical for their regenerative applications. Microgravity and 3D culture can profoundly modulate cell proliferation and survival. Here, we engineered microscale progenitor cardiac spheres from human pluripotent stem cells and exposed the spheres to simulated microgravity using a random positioning machine for 3 days during their differentiation to cardiomyocytes. Methods: RNA-seq libraries were prepared using the Illumina TruSeq RNA kit and the TrueSeq method was employed for mRNA enrichment. The libraries were quantified and samples were multiplexed in each lane of the flowcell. Cluster generation was performed and then sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq1000 system. Reads were mapped on the Human Genome Reference and normalized expression table was generated. Results: Among differentially expressed genes, 53 of them were up-regulated and 75 were down-regulated. Conclusions: Data demonstrate increased expression of genes associated with growth, development, and pro-survival in cardiac progenitors cultured under simulated microgravity compared with those cultured under standard gravity. RNA-sequencing analysis was performed to compare global gene expression profiles of cells at differentiation day 8 under simulated microgravity vs. standard gravity.", "release_date": "2016-08-08", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-127/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina HiSeq1000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Microgravity Simulation" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Rajneesh Mary Nirav Gregory Steven Chunhui B Jha Wagner Patel Tharp Bosinger Xu" ], "publication_title": "Simulated Microgravity and 3D Culture Enhance Induction, Viability, Proliferation and Differentiation of Cardiac Progenitors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-128", "osd_num": 128, "identifiers": "GLDS-128", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-128", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/128", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/128" } }, "overview": { "title": "Identification of miRNAs involved in cell response to ionizing radiation and modeled microgravity", "description": "BACKGROUND: Ionizing radiation (IR) can be extremely harmful for human cells since an improper DNA-damage response (DDR) to IR can contribute to carcinogenesis initiation. Perturbations in DDR pathway can originate from alteration in the functionality of the microRNA-mediated gene regulation, being microRNAs (miRNAs) small noncoding RNA that act as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. In this study we gained insight into the role of miRNAs in the regulation of DDR to IR under microgravity, a condition of weightlessness experienced by astronauts during space missions, which could have a synergistic action on cells, increasing the risk of radiation exposure. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We analyzed miRNA expression profile of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) incubated for 4 and 24 h in normal gravity (1 g) and in modeled microgravity (MMG) during the repair time after irradiation with 0.2 and 2Gy of gamma-rays. Our results show that MMG alters miRNA expression signature of irradiated PBL by decreasing the number of radio-responsive miRNAs. Moreover, let-7i*, miR-7, miR-7-1*, miR-27a, miR-144, miR-200a, miR-598, miR-650 are deregulated by the combined action of radiation and MMG. Integrated analyses of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles, carried out on PBL of the same donors, identified significant miRNA-mRNA anti-correlations of DDR pathway. Gene Ontology analysis reports that the biological category of Response to DNA damage is enriched when PBL are incubated in 1 g but not in MMG. Moreover, some anti-correlated genes of p53-pathway show a different expression level between 1 g and MMG. Functional validation assays using luciferase reporter constructs confirmed miRNA-mRNA interactions derived from target prediction analyses. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: On the whole, by integrating the transcriptome and microRNome, we provide evidence that modeled microgravity can affects the DNA-damage response to IR in human PBL.", "release_date": "2012-04-29", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-128/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Human Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL)" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "miRNA Microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Simulated Microgravity", "Absorbed Radiation Dose", "Time", "Ionizing Radiation" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation", "absorbed radiation dose", "time", "ionizing radiation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Gerolamo Lanfranchi" ], "publication_title": "Analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles highlights alterations in ionizing radiation response of human lymphocytes under modeled microgravity." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-129", "osd_num": 129, "identifiers": "GLDS-129", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-129", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/129", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/129" } }, "overview": { "title": "Gene expression profiling of PBL in response to ionizing radiation and modeled microgravity", "description": "BACKGROUND: Ionizing radiation (IR) can be extremely harmful for human cells since an improper DNA-damage response (DDR) to IR can contribute to carcinogenesis initiation. Perturbations in DDR pathway can originate from alteration in the functionality of the microRNA-mediated gene regulation, being microRNAs (miRNAs) small noncoding RNA that act as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. In this study we gained insight into the role of miRNAs in the regulation of DDR to IR under microgravity, a condition of weightlessness experienced by astronauts during space missions, which could have a synergistic action on cells, increasing the risk of radiation exposure. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We analyzed miRNA expression profile of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) incubated for 4 and 24 h in normal gravity (1 g) and in modeled microgravity (MMG) during the repair time after irradiation with 0.2 and 2Gy of gamma-rays. Our results show that MMG alters miRNA expression signature of irradiated PBL by decreasing the number of radio-responsive miRNAs. Moreover, let-7i*, miR-7, miR-7-1*, miR-27a, miR-144, miR-200a, miR-598, miR-650 are deregulated by the combined action of radiation and MMG. Integrated analyses of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles, carried out on PBL of the same donors, identified significant miRNA-mRNA anti-correlations of DDR pathway. Gene Ontology analysis reports that the biological category of Response to DNA damage is enriched when PBL are incubated in 1 g but not in MMG. Moreover, some anti-correlated genes of p53-pathway show a different expression level between 1 g and MMG. Functional validation assays using luciferase reporter constructs confirmed miRNA-mRNA interactions derived from target prediction analyses. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: On the whole, by integrating the transcriptome and microRNome, we provide evidence that modeled microgravity can affects the DNA-damage response to IR in human PBL. Overall Design: Gene expression signature was defined in PBL irradiated with gamma-rays (2.0 Gy) and incubated in modeled microgravity (mmg) and in parallel ground conditions (1g) for 24h. Five independent experiments were performed for each donor to address which mRNAs were regulated on IR stress. The level of each transcript was represented as Log2.", "release_date": "2012-04-10", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-129/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Human Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL)" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Microgravity Simulation" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "Weightlessness Simulation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Gerolamo Lanfranchi" ], "publication_title": "Analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles highlights alterations in ionizing radiation response of human lymphocytes under modeled microgravity" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-130", "osd_num": 130, "identifiers": "GLDS-130", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-130", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/130", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/130" } }, "overview": { "title": "RAD51 Interconnects Between DNA Replication, DNA Repair and Immunity", "description": "RAD51, a multifunctional protein, plays a central role in DNA replication and homologous recombination repair, and is known to be involved in cancer development. We identified a novel role for RAD51 in innate immune response signaling. Defects in RAD51 lead to the accumulation of self-DNA in the cytoplasm, triggering a STING-mediated innate immune response after replication stress and DNA damage. Our data suggest that in addition to playing roles in homologous recombination-mediated DNA double-strand break repair and replication fork processing, RAD51 is also implicated in the suppression of innate immunity. Thus, our study reveals a previously uncharacterized role of RAD51 in initiating immune signaling, placing it at the hub of new interconnections between DNA replication, DNA repair, and immunity. Overall design Gene expression analysis of WT and sh RAD51 HT1080 cells was carried out before and after 1 Gy of high LET Fe particle radiation.", "release_date": "2017-02-18", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-130/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina HumanHT-12 V4.0 expression beadchip" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment", "Genotype" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment", "Genotype" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Souparno Bhattacharya" ], "publication_title": "RAD51 interconnects between DNA replication, DNA repair and immunity." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-131", "osd_num": 131, "identifiers": "GLDS-131", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-131", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/131", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/131" } }, "overview": { "title": "Proton irradiation augments the reduction in tumor progression observed with advanced age", "description": "Proton irradiation is touted for its improved tumor targeting due to the physical advantages of ion beams for radiotherapy. Recent studies from our laboratory have shown that in addition to targeting advantages proton irradiation can inhibit angiogenic and immune factors and thereby modulate tumor progression. High-energy protons also constitute a principal component of the galactic cosmic rays to which astronauts are exposed. Increased understanding of the biological effects of proton exposure would thus contribute to both improved cancer therapy and carcinogenesis risk assessment for space travel. In addition age plays a major role in tumor incidence and is a critical consideration for estimating cancer risk. We investigated the effects of host age and proton exposure on tumor progression. Tumor lag time and growth dynamics were tracked following injection of murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells into young (68 day) versus old (736 day) mice with or without coincident irradiation. Tumor progression was suppressed in old compared to young mice. Differences in progression were further modulated by proton irradiation (1GeV) with increased inhibition evident in old mice. Through global transcriptome analysis TGFB1 and TGFB2 were determined to be key players that contributed to the tumor dynamics observed. These findings point to older hosts providing decreased systemic tumor support which can be further inhibited by proton irradiation. Overall design: For genome-wide expression profiling of tumor tissue Mouse WG-6 BeadArray chips (Illumina San Diego CA) were used. Total RNA was amplified with the Ambion Illumina TotalPrep Amplification Kit (Ambion Austin TX) and labeled from all replicate biological samples for each condition. For tumor replicates thirty tumor samples from adolescent and thirty tumor samples from old mice for a total of 60 tumor samples were used. All replicate samples were run individually. For each age group ten tumor samples had received proton irradiation while twenty tumor samples were from unirradiated mice (as described above). Total RNA was isolated and purified using TRIzol (Invitrogen) and quantified using an Agilent Bioanalyzer. Samples were deemed suitable for amplification and hybridization if they had 28s/18s = 2:1 RIN >7. Total RNA of 500ng per sample was amplified using AmbionTotalPrep and 1.5ug of the product was loaded onto the chips. Following hybridization at 55C the chips were washed and then scanned using the Illumina iScan System. The data was checked with GenomeStudio (Illumina) for quality control. In GenomeStudio data was background subtracted and rank invariant normalization was applied. Data was imported into MultiExperiment Viewer MeV for statistical analysis. The statistically significant genes were determined using MeV by applying a one-way ANOVA analysis with standard Bonferroni correction with a FDR <0.05 that resulted in a list of significant genes. Average gene expression signals <10 were filtered out due to signal being", "release_date": "2014-01-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/genelab/img/GLDS131__study_image.png" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) tumor" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionzing Radiation", "Age" ], "types": [ "Radiation Ionizing", "Age" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "NA" ], "space_programs": [ "NA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Christine Lynn Briggs Hlatky" ], "publication_title": "Proton irradiation augments the suppression of tumor progression observed with advanced age" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-132", "osd_num": 132, "identifiers": "GLDS-132", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-132", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/132", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/132" } }, "overview": { "title": "Whole genome sequencing and assembly of Eukaryotic microbes isolated from ISS environmental surface, Kirovograd region soil, Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant and Chernobyl Exclusion Zone", "description": "The whole-genome sequences of eight fungal strains that were selected for exposure to microgravity at the International Space Station are presented here. These baseline sequences will help to understand the observed production of novel bioactive compounds.", "release_date": "2017-04-13", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-132/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Beauveria bassiana", "Aspergillus niger", "Aspergillus terreus", "Aureobasidium pullulans", "Cladosporium cladosporioides", "Fusarium solani", "Trichoderma virens", "Cladosporium sphaerospermum" ], "material_types": [ "Soil", "Wipes" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "nucleotide sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "genome sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "radiation" ], "types": [ "Radiation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "JPL", "people": [ "Nitin Adriana Jillian Clay Tamas Kasthuri K Singh Blachowicz Romsdahl Wang Torok Venkateswaran" ], "publication_title": "Draft Genome Sequences of Several Fungal Strains Selected for Exposure to Microgravity at the International Space Station." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-133", "osd_num": 133, "identifiers": "GLDS-133", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-133", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/133", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/133" } }, "overview": { "title": "Acute transcriptional up-regulation specific to osteoblasts/osteoclasts in medaka fish immediately after exposure to microgravity", "description": "During space flight, bone mineral density is decreased by the influence of osteoclast activation, which molecular mechanism is expectantly investigated. In the study of medaka bone development, we investigated the system of vertebra formation, and firstly identified the presence of osteoclasts in medaka. Moreover, osteoclast rsorbing activity was affected by hypergravity, indicating the possibility that we can investigate the effect of microgravity on osteoclasts in space. To find this effect, we examine the alteration of osteoclast activity under microgravity with the histological analysis or the expression analysis by RNA in-situ hybridization. Furthermore, since we have succeeded the establishment of the medaka osteoclast-specific transgenic lines, we perform the in-vivo imaging analyses for gene expression and cell mobility. Finally, to examine the gravity sensing system, we employ tooth and bone as the high density organs, which are highly sensitive to gravity, and perform the histological analysis and the gene expression analysis of such gravity-sensitive tissues at surrounding pharyngeal teeth and supporting bone.", "release_date": "2017-03-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-133/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Oryzias latipes" ], "material_types": [ "Whole Organism", "Pharyngeal" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Time" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "Expedition 33/34" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "JAXA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Akira Kudo" ], "publication_title": "Acute transcriptional up-regulation specific to osteoblasts/osteoclasts in medaka fish immediately after exposure to microgravity" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-134", "osd_num": 134, "identifiers": "GLDS-134", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-134", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/134", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/134" } }, "overview": { "title": "Dissecting Low Atmospheric Pressure Stress: Transcriptome Responses to the Components of Hypobaria in Arabidopsis [Experiment 1]", "description": "Controlled hypobaria presents biology with an environment that is never encountered in terrestrial ecology, yet the apparent components of hypobaria are stresses typical of terrestrial ecosystems. High altitude, for example, presents terrestrial hypobaria always with hypoxia as a component stress, since the relative partial pressure of O2 is constant in the atmosphere. Laboratory-controlled hypobaria, however, allows the dissection of pressure effects away from the effects typically associated with altitude, in particular hypoxia, as the partial pressure of O2 can be varied. In this study, whole transcriptomes of plants grown in ambient (97 kPa/pO2 equals 21 kPa) atmospheric conditions were compared to those of plants transferred to five different atmospheres of varying pressure and oxygen composition for 24 h: 50 kPa/pO2 equals 10 kPa, 25 kPa/pO2 equals 5 kPa, 50 kPa/pO2 equals 21 kPa, 25 kPa/pO2 equals 21 kPa, or 97 kPa/pO2 equals 5 kPa. The plants exposed to these environments were 10 day old Arabidopsis seedlings grown vertically on hydrated nutrient plates. In addition, 5 day old plants were also exposed for 24 h to the 50 kPa and ambient environments to evaluate age-dependent responses. The gene expression profiles from roots and shoots showed that the hypobaric response contained more complex gene regulation than simple hypoxia, and that adding back oxygen to normoxic conditions did not completely alleviate gene expression changes in hypobaric responses.", "release_date": "2017-05-11", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-134/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Atmospheric Pressure", "Organism Part" ], "types": [ "Atmospheric Pressure", "Organism Part" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Mingqi Jordan Matthew Michael Alberto Agata Mike Anna-Lisa Robert B K A J Zhou Callaham Reyes Stasiak Riva Zupanska Dixon Paul Ferl" ], "publication_title": "Dissecting Low Atmospheric Pressure Stress: Transcriptome Responses to the Components of Hypobaria in Arabidopsis" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-135", "osd_num": 135, "identifiers": "GLDS-135", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-135", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/135", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/135" } }, "overview": { "title": "Global gene expression analysis highlights microgravity sensitive key genes in longissimus dorsi and tongue of 30 days space-flown mice", "description": "Microgravity as well as chronic muscle disuse are two causes of low back pain originated at least in part from paraspinal muscle deconditioning. At present no study investigated the complexity of the molecular changes in human or mouse paraspinal muscles exposed to microgravity. The aim of this study was to evaluate longissimus dorsi and tongue (as a new potential in-flight negative control) adaptation to microgravity at global gene expression level. C57BL/N6 male mice were flown aboard the BION-M1 biosatellite for 30 days (BF) or housed in a replicate flight habitat on ground (BG). Global gene expression analysis identified 89 transcripts differentially regulated in longissimus dorsi of BF vs. BG mice (False Discovery Rate less than 0.05 and fold change less than -2 and greater than +2), while only a small number of genes were found differentially regulated in tongue muscle ( BF vs. BG equals 27 genes). Overall Design: C57BL/N6 mice were randomly divided in 3 groups: Bion Flown (BF), mice flown aboard the Bion M1 biosatellite in microgravity environment for 30 days; Bion Ground (BG), mice housed in the same habitat of flown animals but exposed to earth gravity; and Flight Control (FC), mice housed in a standard animal facility.", "release_date": "2017-05-23", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-135/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Tissue" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "tissue" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "Bion_M1" ], "flight_programs": [ "BION-M1 biosatellite" ], "space_programs": [ "German Aerospace Center (DLR)" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Dieter Blottner" ], "publication_title": "Microgravity-Induced Transcriptome Adaptation in Mouse Paraspinal longissimus dorsi Muscle Highlights Insulin Resistance-Linked Genes." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-136", "osd_num": 136, "identifiers": "GLDS-136", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-136", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/136", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/136" } }, "overview": { "title": "Dissecting Low Atmospheric Pressure Stress: Transcriptome Responses to the Components of Hypobaria in Arabidopsis [Experiment 2]", "description": "Controlled hypobaria presents biology with an environment that is never encountered in terrestrial ecology, yet the apparent components of hypobaria are stresses typical of terrestrial ecosystems. High altitude, for example, presents terrestrial hypobaria always with hypoxia as a component stress, since the relative partial pressure of O2 is constant in the atmosphere. Laboratory-controlled hypobaria, however, allows the dissection of pressure effects away from the effects typically associated with altitude, in particular hypoxia, as the partial pressure of O2 can be varied. In this study, whole transcriptomes of plants grown in ambient (97 kPa/pO2 = 21 kPa) atmospheric conditions were compared to those of plants transferred to five different atmospheres of varying pressure and oxygen composition for 24 h: 50 kPa/pO2 = 10 kPa, 25 kPa/pO2 = 5 kPa, 50 kPa/pO2 = 21 kPa, 25 kPa/pO2 = 21 kPa, or 97 kPa/pO2 = 5 kPa. The plants exposed to these environments were 10 day old Arabidopsis seedlings grown vertically on hydrated nutrient plates. In addition, 5 day old plants were also exposed for 24 h to the 50 kPa and ambient environments to evaluate age-dependent responses. The gene expression profiles from roots and shoots showed that the hypobaric response contained more complex gene regulation than simple hypoxia, and that adding back oxygen to normoxic conditions did not completely alleviate gene expression changes in hypobaric responses.", "release_date": "2017-05-11", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-136/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Atmospheric Pressure" ], "types": [ "Atmospheric Pressure" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Robert Mingqi Jordan Matthew Stasiak Alberto Agata Mike Anna-Lisa J B K A Ferl Zhou Callaham Reyes Michael Riva Zupanska Dixon Paul" ], "publication_title": "Dissecting Low Atmospheric Pressure Stress: Transcriptome Responses to the Components of Hypobaria in Arabidopsis" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-137", "osd_num": 137, "identifiers": "GLDS-137 LSDS-28", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-137", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/137", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/137" } }, "overview": { "title": "Rodent Research-3-CASIS: Mouse liver transcriptomic, proteomic, epigenomic and histology data", "description": "The Rodent Research-3 (RR-3) mission was sponsored by the pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly and Co. and the Center for the Advancement of Science in Space to study the effectiveness of a potential countermeasure for the loss of muscle and bone mass that occurs during spaceflight. Twenty BALB/c, 12-weeks old female mice (ten controls and ten treated) were flown to the ISS and housed in the Rodent Habitat for 39-42 days. Twenty mice of similar age, sex and strain were used for ground controls housed in identical hardware and matching ISS environmental conditions. Basal controls were housed in standard vivarium cages. Spaceflight, ground controls and basal groups had blood collected, then were euthanized, had one hind limb removed, and finally whole carcasses were stored at -80 C until dissection. All mice in this data set received only the control/sham injection.", "release_date": "2017-08-28", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-137/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Liver" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry", "Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing", "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)", "Microscopy" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein expression profiling", "DNA methylation profiling", "transcription profiling", "Molecular Cellular Imaging" ], "platforms": [ "LTQ Orbitrap Velos (Thermo Scientific)", "Illumina", "Illumina HiSeq 4000", "pannoramic scan (3d histech)" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-8" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Ruth Jonathan Rosamund Marty Globus Galazka Smith Cramer" ], "publication_title": "Multi-omics analysis of multiple missions to space reveal a theme of lipid dysregulation in mouse liver" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-138", "osd_num": 138, "identifiers": "GLDS-138", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-138", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/138", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/138" } }, "overview": { "title": "BRIC-23 GeneLab Process Verification Test: Bacillus subtilis transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data", "description": "Microbes interact with humans in complex ways and understanding how they respond to the spaceflight environment is important to the success of future manned spaceflight missions. The BRIC-23 mission was designed to measure the response of Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus to the spaceflight environment. This experiment aimed to produce high quality omics data from B. subtilis and S. aureus grown aboard the International Space Station (ISS) to allow comparison to matched ground controls. There were two primary objectives for this experiment: (1) Demonstrate all post-flight processes and operations required for successful completion of GeneLab Reference Missions conducted on ISS, and (2) Generate high quality GeneLab Reference Mission omics data sets for two prokaryotic model organisms, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Freezing Control Experiment: The BRIC hardware has significant thermal inertia, thus the freezing rate of samples placed at -80 C is quite slow. This could affect RNA-sequencing, proteomic and metabolic data sets. In an effort to understand how slow freezing could affect these data sets, a control experiment was designed in which B. subtilis and S. aureus were grown in petri plates and either slow frozen to -80 C at a rate matching the BRIC-23 spaceflight samples or processed immediately to harvest RNA and protein. S. aureus omics data is deposited in GLDS-145.", "release_date": "2017-08-28", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-138/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Not Applicable", "Bacillus subtilis" ], "material_types": [ "Cells", "Not Applicable" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry", "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein expression profiling", "metabolite profiling", "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "LTQ Orbitrap Fusion (Thermo Scientific)", "6530 Q-TOF LCMS (Agilent)", "Illumina HiSeq 4000", "Leco Pegasus TOF" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Freezing" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "freezing" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-9" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Wayne Oana Jonathan Sigrid David Samrawit San-Huei Amanda Homer Kaushik San-Huei Valery Samrawit Rick Michael Olga Howard Stephanie Alec Alexis Jihan S J G M G B Nicholson Marcu Galazka Reinsch Smith Gebre Lai Polo Saravia-Butler Fogle Chakravarty Lai Polo Boyko Gebre Chen Skidmore Stotzky Levine Richards Vallota-Eastman Torres Yehia" ], "publication_title": "Establishing Standard Protocols for Bacterial Culture in Biological Research in Canisters (BRIC) Hardware Meta-analysis of data from spaceflight transcriptome experiments does not support the idea of a common bacterial ''spaceflight response''." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-139", "osd_num": 139, "identifiers": "GLDS-139", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-139", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/139", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/139" } }, "overview": { "title": "Mouse muscle LC-MSMS upon weightlessness", "description": "Upon weightlessness and microgravity, deleterious effects on the neurosensory and neurovestibular systems, haematological changes, and deconditioning of musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary functions have been reported. In particular, loss of muscle mass and strength are triggered by weightlessness in humans during space flights, that is similarly observed as a result of physical inactivity conditions and aging on Earth. However, skeletal muscle tissue is of paramount importance for health maintenance (e.g. being essential to locomotion, heat production, and metabolism). To better prevent or eventually treat microgravity-induced muscle atrophy, its underlying mechanisms have first to be characterized in detail. Using cutting-edge quantitative proteomics, the aim of the present study was therefore to get an in depth view of the molecular regulations triggered by space conditions in skeletal muscles of mice during the 30-day flight of the BION-M1 biosatellite. As muscles differing in their fiber type composition appear to respond differently to microgravity (see above), we characterized here the differential response of the soleus, extensor digitorum longus and vastus lateralis muscles.", "release_date": "2017-06-14", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-139/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Vastus lateralis", "Left soleus", "Left extensor digitorum longus" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein expression profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Q-Exactive plus" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Tissue" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Tissue" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "BION-M1 biosatellite" ], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Fabrice Sarah Bertile Cianferani" ], "publication_title": "Proteome-wide Adaptations of Mouse Skeletal Muscles during a Full Month in Space." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-140", "osd_num": 140, "identifiers": "GLDS-140", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-140", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/140", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/140" } }, "overview": { "title": "Dynamic nature of epigenetic patterns observed during the Mars 520-d mission simulation", "description": "Interplanetary human spaceflight represents a formidable medical challenge, but also provides a unique platform for investigating human adaptation to extreme environmental changes. Understanding the long-term effects of isolation has relevance in a range of scenarios and it is well recognized that a better understanding of the relationship between environmental exposure and the epigenome can lead to more effective preventive measures. Here we conduct a longitudinal epigenetic, mood state and biochemical profiling of 6 crew members in an experiment simulating a 520-day mission to Mars. Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip was used to obtain DNA methylation profiles. Firstly, we found that long-term isolation can induce global DNA methylation remodeling, and this change seems to be an active adaptation (rather than a random process or a by-product of the isolation). This study is the first to demonstrate the dynamic relationship between global epigenetic remodeling and isolation-induced mood state and biochemical changes. Secondly, by considering the location of methylation sites within the genome and using gene-pathway annotation, we were able to identify pathways that were significantly enriched in methylation events and consider their association with specific function and the timeline of the mission. Thirdly, via our definition of epi-entropy, a measure of entropy adapted to methylation events, we observed that the methylation remodeling produced a marked reduction in epi-entropy. Results suggest that DNA methylation change is an indicator of change rather than its by-product, i.e., there is a psychology-epigenome-metabolism model of long-term depression; DNA methylation programs the environment signal into the epigenome, which is subsequently transformed into the biochemical output and health outcome. Thus, longitudinal epigenetic profiling could code the effect of isolation and act as early indicators of latent health outcome. A longitudinal epigenetic, mood state and biochemical profiling of 6 crew members in an experiment simulating a 520-day mission to Mars. 36 samples of blood cell DNA methylation profiling were obtained by Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip, across 6 sampling points during the 520 days mission for all of the 6 crew members.", "release_date": "2015-01-14", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-140/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Blood Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "DNA methylation profiling" ], "platforms": [] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Time" ], "types": [ "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Jianghui Jianghui Ke Fengji Yue Yanhong Honghui Changning Simon Shukuan Fen Haiquan Xu Boris Hailong Yumin Li Bin Lina Yanqiang Shanguang Yinghui V Xiong Xiong Lyu Liang Wang Yuan Wang Liu Rayner Ling Yang Fang Li Morukov Chen Wan He Wu Qu Bai Chen Li" ], "publication_title": "DNA methylation dynamics associated with long-term isolation of simulated space travel." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-141", "osd_num": 141, "identifiers": "GLDS-141", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-141", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/141", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/141" } }, "overview": { "title": "Validation of Methods to Assess the Immunoglobulin Gene Repertoire in Tissues Obtained from Mice on the International Space Station", "description": "Spaceflight is known to affect immune cell populations. In particular, splenic B-cell numbers decrease during spaceflight and in ground-based physiological models. Although antibody isotype changes have been assessed during and after spaceflight, an extensive characterization of the impact of spaceflight on antibody composition has not been conducted in mice. Next Generation Sequencing and bioinformatic tools are now available to assess antibody repertoires. We can now identify immunoglobulin gene- segment usage, junctional regions, and modifications that contribute to specificity and diversity. Due to limitations on the International Space Station, alternate sample collection and storage methods must be employed. Our group compared Illumina MiSeq sequencing data from multiple sample preparation methods in normal C57Bl/6J mice to validate that sample preparation and storage would not bias the outcome of antibody repertoire characterization. In this report, we also compared sequencing techniques and a bioinformatic workflow on the data output when we assessed the IgH and Igκ variable gene usage. Our bioinformatic workflow has been optimized for Illumina HiSeq and MiSeq datasets, and is designed specifically to reduce bias, capture the most information from Ig sequences, and produce a data set that provides other data mining options.", "release_date": "2017-08-31", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-141/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Tissue", "Whole Spleen", "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina MiSeq" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Sample Collection Protocol", "Library Construction Protocol" ], "types": [ "sample collection protocol", "library preparation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Stephen K. Chapes" ], "publication_title": "Validation of methods to assess the immunoglobulin gene repertoire in tissues obtained from mice on the International Space Station Characterization of the naive murine antibody repertoire using unamplified high-throughput sequencing." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-144", "osd_num": 144, "identifiers": "GLDS-144", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-144", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/144", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/144" } }, "overview": { "title": "Gravitational signature of synchronized cell cultures in particular cell cycle stages", "description": "Cell cycle and cell proliferation are decoupled under altered gravity conditions. We have previously shown that semisolid cell cultures of Arabidopsis suffer overall genome changes in response to altered gravity and also that cell cycle stages duration is altered. By using synchronized cell cultures we will demonstrate the precise alterations in cell cycle duration and also the transcriptional signature in any of them. Experiments consists on exposures of Arabidopsis cell cultures to 1g control/simulated microgravity (RPM) conditions. Asynchronous cells exposed for 14 h + Syncronous populations choosen to have an enrichment of cell cycle phases were used (being T7/T10 samples on G2 phase, T14/T16 samples on G1 phase). 6 dye-swap - time course, treated vs untreated comparison.", "release_date": "2014-08-23", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-144/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Nimblegen" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Cell cycle phase", "Microgravity Simulation" ], "types": [ "cell cycle phase", "Weightlessness Simulation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Soubigou-Taconnat Sandrine Raul Jean-Pierre Marie-Laure Ludivine Balzergue Herranz Renou Martin-Magniette" ], "publication_title": "Differential transcriptional profile through cell cycle progression in Arabidopsis cultures under simulated microgravity. Cell cycle acceleration and changes in essential nuclear functions induced by simulated microgravity in a synchronized Arabidopsis cell culture" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-145", "osd_num": 145, "identifiers": "GLDS-145", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-145", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/145", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/145" } }, "overview": { "title": "BRIC-23 GeneLab Process Verification Test: Staphylococcus aureus transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data", "description": "Microbes interact with humans in complex ways and understanding how they respond to the spaceflight environment is important to the success of future manned spaceflight missions. The BRIC-23 mission was designed to measure the response of Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus to the spaceflight environment. This experiment aimed to produce high quality omics data from B. subtilis and S. aureus grown aboard the International Space Station (ISS) to allow comparison to matched ground controls. There were two primary objectives for this experiment: (1) Demonstrate all post-flight processes and operations required for successful completion of GeneLab Reference Missions conducted on ISS, and (2) Generate high quality GeneLab Reference Mission omics data sets for two prokaryotic model organisms, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Freezing Control Experiment: The BRIC hardware has significant thermal inertia, thus the freezing rate of samples placed at -80 C is quite slow. This could affect RNA-sequencing, proteomic and metabolic data sets. In an effort to understand how slow freezing could affect these data sets, a control experiment was designed in which B. subtilis and S. aureus were grown in petri plates and either slow frozen to -80 C at a rate matching the BRIC-23 spaceflight samples or processed immediately to harvest RNA and protein. B.subtilis omics data is deposited in GLDS-138.", "release_date": "2017-11-14", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-145/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Staphylococcus aureus" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry", "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein expression profiling", "metabolite profiling", "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "LTQ Orbitrap Fusion (Thermo Scientific)", "6530 Q-TOF LCMS (Agilent)", "Leco Pegasus TOF", "Illumina HiSeq 4000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Freezing" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "freezing" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-9" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "NASA Wayne Stephanie Howard GeneLab Nicholson Richards Levine" ], "publication_title": "Establishing Standard Protocols for Bacterial Culture in Biological Research in Canisters (BRIC) Hardware Meta-analysis of data from spaceflight transcriptome experiments does not support the idea of a common bacterial spaceflight response Altered quorum sensing and physiology of Staphylococcus aureus during spaceflight detected by multi-omics data analysis" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-146", "osd_num": 146, "identifiers": "GLDS-146", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-146", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/146", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/146" } }, "overview": { "title": "Mouse fecal microbiome after exposure to high LET radiation", "description": "Space travel is associated with continuous low-dose-rate exposure to high Linear Energy Transfer (LET) radiation. Pathophysiological manifestations after low-dose radiation exposure are strongly influenced by non-cytocidal radiation effects including microbiome and cellular gene expression. Using a mouse model for exposure to high LET radiation, we observed substantial changes in the composition and functional potential of the microbiome. These were paralleled by changes in the abundance of multiple metabolites, which were related to the enzymatic activity of the altered metagenome by means of metabolic network modeling. There was a complex dynamic in microbial and metabolic composition at different radiation doses, suggestive of transient, dose-dependent interactions between microbial ecology and signals from the host's cellular damage repair processes. Functional shifts included features associated with dysbiosis at the onset of chronic inflammatory responses, which could prMouse fecal microbiome after exposure to high LET radiatione-dispose space travelers to systemic, long-term health risks.", "release_date": "2017-10-15", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-146/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [ "Feces" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "16S" ], "measurement_types": [ "Amplicon Sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Absorbed Radiation Dose", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "absorbed radiation dose", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "David Amrita K. Casero Cheema" ], "publication_title": "Space-type radiation induces multimodal responses in the mouse gut microbiome and metabolome" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-147", "osd_num": 147, "identifiers": "GLDS-147", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-147", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/147", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/147" } }, "overview": { "title": "Arg1 functions in the physiological adaptation of undifferentiated plant cells to spaceflight", "description": "In this study transcriptome profiling was used to gain insight into the spaceflight adaptation role of Altered response to gravity-1 (Arg1), a gene known to affect gravity responses in plants on Earth. The study compared expression profiles of cultured lines of Arabidopsis thaliana derived from wild type (WT) cultivar Col-0 to profiles from a knock-out line deficient in the gene encoding (ARG1 KO), both on the ground and in space. The cell lines were launched on SpaceX CRS-2 as part of the Cellular Expression Logic (CEL) experiment of the BRIC17 spaceflight mission. The cultured cell lines were grown within 60mm Petri plates in Petri Dish Fixation Units (PDFUs) that were housed within the Biological Research In Canisters (BRIC) hardware. Spaceflight samples were fixed on orbit. Differentially expressed genes were identified between the two environments (spaceflight and comparable ground controls) and the two genotypes (WT and ARG1 KO). Each genotype engaged unique genes during physiological adaptation to the spaceflight environment, with little overlap. Most of the genes altered in expression in spaceflight in WT cells were found to be Arg1-dependent, suggesting a major role for that gene in the physiological adaptation of undifferentiated cells to spaceflight.", "release_date": "2017-09-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-147/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [ "hypocotyl cell culture" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Genotype" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "genotype" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-2" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Anna-Lisa Robert Paul Ferl" ], "publication_title": "ARG1 Functions in the Physiological Adaptation of Undifferentiated Plant Cells to Spaceflight. HSFA2 Functions in the Physiological Adaptation of Undifferentiated Plant Cells to Spaceflight" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-148", "osd_num": 148, "identifiers": "GLDS-148", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-148", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/148", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/148" } }, "overview": { "title": "Expression profiling of murine lung 70 days following exposure to fractionated or acute dose of 1.0 Gy 56Fe- particle irradiation", "description": "Irradiation of the K-rasLA1 mouse model with a fractionated dose of 1.0Gy 56Fe- particles increases the incidence of invasive carcinoma compared to unirradiated controls or those irradiated with an acute dose. Microarray profiling was perfromed on whole lungs from K-rasLA1 mice in order to determine global expression changes in the lung following radiation exposure. RNA was extracted from K-rasLA1 lungs from unirradiated control animals or those irradiated with a fractionated or acute dose of 1.0Gy 56Fe- particles 70 days post-irradiation when lungs are still histologically indistiguishable and only contain benign lesions. 129S2 K-rasLA1 mice were either irradiated with an acute (1.0Gy x1; n = 15) or fractionated (0.2Gy x5; n=13) dose of 1.0Gy 56Fe- particles or left unirradiated (n=13). Animals were euthanized 70 days post-irradiation and RNA was extracted from the whole left lung of each animal.", "release_date": "2014-09-22", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-148/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Left Lung" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Sex", "Ionizing Radiation", "Number of Radiation Doses" ], "types": [ "Sex", "ionizing radiation", "Number of Radiation Doses" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Kimberly Oliver Kimberly Jerry G W Batten Delgado Batten Shay" ], "publication_title": "Radiation-enhanced lung cancer progression in a transgenic mouse model of lung cancer is predictive of outcomes in human lung and breast cancer." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-149", "osd_num": 149, "identifiers": "GLDS-149", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-149", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/149", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/149" } }, "overview": { "title": "Comparison of gene expression profiles of normal human bronchial epithelial cells in 2D and 3D cultural conditions", "description": "The experiment is part of a project to study DNA repair process after ionizing radiation in organotypic 3-dimentional human bronchial epithlial cell culture. Human bronchial epithelial cells were grown in tissue culture flask (2D) or in matrics gel (3D). Three independent cultures were done for each condition.", "release_date": null, "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-149/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "bronchial epithelial cell" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Culture Condition", "Ionizing Radiation" ], "types": [ "Culture Techniques", "ionizing radiation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Lianghao Aroumougame Burong Oliver Lianghao Michael John Jerry David D D W J Ding Asaithamby Hu Delgado Ding Story Minna Shay Chen" ], "publication_title": "Irreparable complex DNA double-strand breaks induce chromosome breakage in organotypic three-dimensional human lung epithelial cell culture." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-151", "osd_num": 151, "identifiers": "GLDS-151", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-151", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/151", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/151" } }, "overview": { "title": "Bystander response to 2.5 Gy of protons in a human 3-dimensional skin model in 16 h after exposure", "description": "Bystander mechanisms that originate in the areas surrounding a tissue damage presumably play an important role participating in wound healing and tissue remodeling. Thus, identification and characterization of bystander mechanisms will help to development of new treatments of patients with a radiation exposure. In the present study, we irradiated 3-dimensional tissue model of human epidermis, Epi-200 (Mat-Tek, Ashland, MA), with 2.5 Gy protons. By exposing only a thin strip across the center of the EPI-200 tissue, we have been able to measure global gene expression responses in directly irradiated and bystander cells located at 0.125-0.375, 0.375-0.625, 0.625-875 mm from the irradiation line. The data were analyzed using BRB-Array Tools (NIH), and further gene ontology analysis and network analysis was performed with Panther (Applied Biosystems) and IPA (Ingenuity), accordingly. Significantly responding genes were identified at all distances and included sets common to both direct and bystander responses. False discovery rate in bystander samples did not exceed 20% (p equals 0.001) and was sufficiently low in the samples obtained after the whole tissue exposure (0.06-1.16%). Analysis of the fragments cut at the same distance revealed 52, 54 and 88 differentially expressed genes. These gene lists overlapped each other had from 3 to 12 genes in common including CLED2, S100A7A. Samples obtained after the whole tissue exposure discovered 949 differentially expressed genes. Moreover, the performed gene ontology analysis showed there overrepresentation of TP53 pathway (pathways, p equals 2.04E-02), a common marker of direct irradiation response, and also overrepresentation of the following groups of genes: signal transduction (p equals 4.52E-04), cell communication (p equals 1.24E-04) and cell cycle in the category of biological processes; DNA helicase activity (p equals 2.54E-07), receptor binding (p equals 6.19E-04), calcium ion binding proteins (p equals 2.57E-03) as the molecular functions. Differentially expresses genes of bystander samples had few categories in common such as cell communication (p equals 2.36E-03) and signal transduction (p equals 2.42E-03) among the biological processes and receptor activity (p equals 4.54E-03) among the molecular functions. Categories specific for the bystander samples included G-protein coupled receptors (p equals 7.24E-03) and ligand-gated ion channels (p equals 4.16E-03) suggesting a role of external stimulation and ion trafficking in bystander mechanisms. Radiation induced gene expression in 3-dimensional tissue model, Epi-200, was measured in 16 hours after exposure to 2.5 Gy of protons. Four independent experiments were performed for the samples collected at different distances from the irradiation line (125-375, 375-625 and 625-875 micrometers) using three tissue fragments per a data point. Moreover, three sets of whole tissue irradited samples were also generated for 0 and 2.5 Gy (6 samples total) and used for comparison of bystander and direct responses.", "release_date": "2011-08-30", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-151/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "3D cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Radiation Distance", "Absorbed Radiation Dose" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "Distance", "absorbed radiation dose" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Alexandre Sally Alexandre A V Mezentsev Amundson Mezentsev" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-152", "osd_num": 152, "identifiers": "GLDS-152", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-152", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/152", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/152" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcription profiling of human peripheral blood to development gene expression signatures for practical radiation biodosimetry", "description": "To further develop our gene expression approach to biodosimetry, we have employed whole genome microarray expression profiling as a discovery platform to identify genes with the potential to distinguish radiation dose across an exposure range relevant for medical decision-making in a radiological emergency. Human peripheral blood from healthy donors was irradiated ex vivo, and a 74-gene consensus signature was identified that distinguished between four radiation doses (0.5, 2, 5 and 8 Gy) and control samples. The same set of genes separated samples by exposure level at both six and 24 hours after treatment, with overlap evident only at the highest two doses (5 and 8 Gy). Expression of five genes (CDKN1A, FDXR, SESN1, BBC3 and PHPT1) from this signature was quantified in the same RNA samples by real-time PCR, confirming low variability between donors as well as the predicted radiation response pattern. Experiment Overall Design: Radiation induced gene expression in human blood was measured at 6 and 24 hours after exposure to doses of 0, 0.5, 2, 5 and 8 Gy g-rays. Five independent experiments were performed at each time (6 or 24 hours) using different donors for each experiment", "release_date": "2008-10-18", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-152/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Peripheral blood cell" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment", "Ionizing Radiation", "Absorbed Radiation Dose" ], "types": [ "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment", "ionizing radiation", "absorbed radiation dose" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Sally Amundson" ], "publication_title": "Development of gene expression signatures for practical radiation biodosimetry." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-153", "osd_num": 153, "identifiers": "GLDS-153", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-153", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/153", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/153" } }, "overview": { "title": "Non-targeted effects of low dose ionizing radiation act via TGF-beta to promote mammary carcinogenesis", "description": "This is a genome-wide approach to identifying genes persistently induced in the mouse mammary gland by acute whole body low dose ionizing radiation (10cGy), 1 and 4 weeks after exposure. Gene expression that is modified under these parameters were compared between Tgfb1 wild type and heterozygote littermates in order to determine which genes induced or repressed by radiation were mediated via Tgfb1 status. Differential gene expression was analyzed in Tgfb1 heterozygote and wild type littermate 4th mammary glands, after whole body exposure to an acute dose of 10cGy ionizing radiation. Estrus cycle was normalized in all mice two days prior to irradiation by injection with an estrogen and progesterone mixture. It is widely believed that the carcinogenic action of ionizing radiation is due to targeted DNA damage and resulting mutations, but there is also substantial evidence that non-targeted radiation effects alter epithelial phenotype and the stromal microenvironment. Activation of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFbeta) is a non-targeted radiation effect that mediates cell fate decisions following DNA damage and regulates microenvironment composition; it could either suppress or promote cancer. Gene expression profiling shown herein demonstrates that low dose radiation (10 cGy) elicits persistent changes in Tgfb1 wild type and heterozygote murine mammary gland that are highly modulated by TGFbeta. We asked if such non-targeted radiation effects contribute to carcinogenesis by using a novel radiation chimera model. Unirradiated Trp53 null mammary epithelium was transplanted to the mammary stroma of mice previously exposed to a single low (10 -100 cGy) radiation dose. By 300 days, 100% of transplants in irradiated hosts at either 10 or 100 cGy had developed Trp53 null breast carcinomas compared to 54% in unirradiated hosts. Tumor growth rate was also increased by high, but not low, dose host irradiation. In contrast, irradiation of Tgfb1 heterozygote mice prior to transplantation failed to decrease tumor latency, or increase growth rate at any dose. Host irradiation significantly reduced the latency of invasive ductal carcinoma compared to spindle cell carcinoma, as well as those tumors negative for smooth muscle actin in wild type but not Tgfb1 heterozygote mice. However, irradiation of either host genotype significantly increased the frequency of estrogen receptor negative tumors. These data demonstrate two concepts critical to understanding radiation risks. First, non-targeted radiation effects can significantly promote the frequency and alter the features of epithelial cancer. Second, radiation-induced TGFbeta activity is a key mechanism of tumor promotion. Keywords: Differential gene expression after low dose irradiation Two genotypes: TGBbeta1 heterozygote and wildtype mouse mammary glands. Two time points post-10cGy-irradiation per genotype (1 week, 4 weeks); control time point was 1 week post-sham-irradiation. Two or three replicates per time point.", "release_date": "2020-08-27", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-153/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "whole 4th (inguinal) mammary glands" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Genotype", "Ionizing Radiation", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ], "types": [ "Genotype", "ionizing radiation", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Mary David Sandra Daniel Jorge Shraddha Jiri Jin-Hua D Hellen Felipe H H S J C Barcellos-Hoff Nguyen Haslam Medina Reis-Filho Ravani Zavadil Mao Jerry Oketch-Rabah Geyer" ], "publication_title": "Radiation acts on the microenvironment to affect breast carcinogenesis by distinct mechanisms that decrease cancer latency and affect tumor type" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-154", "osd_num": 154, "identifiers": "GLDS-154", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-154", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/154", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/154" } }, "overview": { "title": "Low dose ionizing radiation treated lymphoblastoid cells", "description": "Irradiated cell lines exposed to 1-10 cGy 2 Lymphoblastoid cell lines (GM15510 and GM15036) irradiated 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 cGy, RNA is isolated and labeled using a T7 amplification Arcturus kit for hybridization on triplicate arrays.", "release_date": "2010-07-30", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-154/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Absorbed Radiation Dose", "Cell Line" ], "types": [ "absorbed radiation dose", "Cell Line" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Matthew Andrew Patricia J Coleman Wyrobek Wu" ], "publication_title": "Low dose radiation response curves, networks and pathways in human lymphoblastoid cells exposed from 1 to 10cGy of acute gamma radiation." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-155", "osd_num": 155, "identifiers": "GLDS-155", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-155", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/155", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/155" } }, "overview": { "title": "Radiation responses in peripheral white blood cells of smokers and non-smokers", "description": "Understanding the possible impact of potential confounding factors is necessary for any approach to radiation biodosimetry. Potential confounding factors have not been fully addressed for gene expression-based biodosimetry approaches, such as we are developing. To begin addressing this need, we have used an ex vivo irradiated peripheral blood cell model to investigate the potential effect of smoking on the global radiation gene expression response, and looked for genes that respond to radiation differently in smokers and non-smokers, and also in males and females. The results indicate that only a small number of genes may be significantly confounded by either factor, supporting the idea of developing peripheral blood gene expression strategies for radiation biodosimetry. Blood from each of 24 different donors was exposed to four doses of ionizing radiation (0, 0.1, 0.5, or 2 Gy) and analyzed using single-color microarray hybridization. The donors represented equal numbers of male and female smokers (1 or more packs a day) and non-smokers. There are 95 data sets in the study as the sample from one of the female smokers exposed to 2 Gy was lost.", "release_date": "2011-03-19", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-155/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Whole Blood" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Smoking Status", "Absorbed Radiation Dose", "Ionizing Radiation" ], "types": [ "Smoking", "absorbed radiation dose", "ionizing radiation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NIAID" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Sally Paul A Amundson Sunirmal" ], "publication_title": "Gene expression signatures of radiation exposure in peripheral white blood cells of smokers and non-smokers." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-156", "osd_num": 156, "identifiers": "GLDS-156", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-156", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/156", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/156" } }, "overview": { "title": "Identifying radiation exposure biomarkers from mouse blood transcriptome", "description": "Here, we present a whole-genome survey of the murine transcriptomic response to physiologically-relevant radiation doses, 2 and 8 Gy. There are 18 distinct biological samples here. Mice were exposed to ionizing radiation (Cesium-138 source) and whole blood was collected by cardiac puncture 6 hours post treatment. Doses were 0 (7 samples), 2 (5 samples), and 8 (6 samples) gy.", "release_date": "2012-05-31", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-156/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Dose" ], "types": [ "Radiation", "Ionizing", "dose" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Daniel Evagelia Heng Albert R C H J Hyduke Laiakis Li Fornace Jr" ], "publication_title": "Identifying radiation exposure biomarkers from mouse blood transcriptome." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-157", "osd_num": 157, "identifiers": "GLDS-157", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-157", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/157", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/157" } }, "overview": { "title": "Gene expression in human peripheral blood 48 hours after exposure to ionizing radiation", "description": "Analysis of human peripheral blood 48 hours after irradiation ex vivo with graded doses of gamma rays. Results have been used in building and testing classifiers to predict exposure dose for use in radiological triage, and also provide insight into immune cell responses. Results were compared with those from earlier times and from patients exposed in vivo. Peripheral blood from 5 healthy donors was exposed ex vivo to 0. 0.5, 2, 5, or 8 Gy gamma-rays and gene expression was analyzed up to 48 hours after exposure.", "release_date": "2013-09-11", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-157/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment", "Sex", "Absorbed Radiation Dose" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment", "Sex", "absorbed radiation dose" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Sally Sunirmal Amundson Paul" ], "publication_title": "Widespread decreased expression of immune function genes in human peripheral blood following radiation exposure." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-158", "osd_num": 158, "identifiers": "GLDS-158", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-158", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/158", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/158" } }, "overview": { "title": "Exposure to ionizing radiation induced persistent gene expression changes in mouse mammary gland", "description": "Six to eight week old female C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 2 Gy of whole body xce xb3 radiation and mammary glands were surgically removed 2-month after radiation. RNA was isolated and microarray hybridization performed for gene expression analysis. 5 samples were analyzed: 2 controls at 2 months 1 2 Gy at 2 months and 2 7 Gy at 2 months", "release_date": "2014-05-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/genelab/img/GLDS158__study_image.png" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Dose" ], "types": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "dose" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Daniel Kamal Daniel Shubhankar Bo-Hyun Michael Albert R R D J Hyduke Datta Hyduke Suman Moon Johnson Fornace" ], "publication_title": "Exposure to ionizing radiation induced persistent gene expression changes in mouse mammary gland." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-159", "osd_num": 159, "identifiers": "GLDS-159", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-159", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/159", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/159" } }, "overview": { "title": "Gene expression in blood of mice with internal exposure to Cs-137", "description": "Cesium-137 is a radionuclide of concern in fallout from reactor accidents or nuclear detonations. When ingested or inhaled, it can expose the entire body for an extended period of time, potentially contributing to serious health consequences ranging from acute radiation syndrome to increased cancer risks. In order to identify changes in gene expression that may be informative for detecting such exposure, and to begin examining the molecular responses involved, we have profiled global gene expression in mice injected with 137CsCl. We extracted RNA from the blood of control or 137CsCl-injected mice at 2, 3, 5, 20 or 30 days after exposure. Gene expression was measured using Agilent Whole Mouse Genome Microarrays, and the data was analyzed using BRB-ArrayTools. Three-month old male C57Bl/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with 8.0 ± 0.3 MBq 137CsCl solution in a volume of 50 μL, or left as controls. Groups of treated and control mice were sacrificed at intervals during the first 2-30 days after exposure, and total blood was collected using cardiac puncture. RNA was extracted from the blood, globin-transcript reduced, and subjected to whole genome expression microarray analysis.", "release_date": "2014-08-31", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-159/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Dose" ], "types": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "dose" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Sally Sunirmal Waylon Melanie Raymond Amundson Paul Weber Doyle-Eisele Guilmette" ], "publication_title": "Gene Expression Response of Mice after a Single Dose of 137Cs as an Internal Emitter." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-160", "osd_num": 160, "identifiers": "GLDS-160", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-160", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/160", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/160" } }, "overview": { "title": "Gene expression data from 4T1 irradiated tumors treated with TGFbeta blockade", "description": "Accumulating data support the concept that ionizing radiation therapy (RT) has the potential to convert the tumor into an in situ, individualized vaccine; however this potential is rarely realized by RT alone. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is an immunosuppressive cytokine that is activated by RT and inhibits the antigen-presenting function of dendritic cells and the differentiation of effector CD8+ T cells. Here we tested the hypothesis that TGFβ hinders the ability of RT to promote anti-tumor immunity. Development of tumor-specific immunity was examined in a pre-clinical model of metastatic breast cancer. Mice bearing established 4T1 mouse mammary carcinoma treated with pan-isoform specific TGFβ neutralizing antibody, 1D11, showed significantly improved control of the irradiated tumor and non-irradiated metastases, but no effect in the absence of RT. Notably, whole tumor transcriptional analysis demonstrated the selective upregulation of genes associated with immune-mediated rejection only in tumors of mice treated with RT+TGFβ blockade. Mice treated with RT+TGFβ blockade exhibited cross-priming of CD8+ T cells producing IFNγ in response to three tumor-specific antigens in tumor-draining lymph nodes, which was not evident for single modality treatment. Analysis of the immune infiltrate in mouse tumors showed a significant increase in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells only in mice treated with the combination of RT+TGFβ blockade. Depletion of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells abrogated the therapeutic benefit of RT+TGFβ blockade. These data identify TGFβ as a master inhibitor of the ability of RT to generate an in situ tumor vaccine, which supports testing inhibition of TGFβ during radiotherapy to promote therapeutically effective anti-tumor immunity. We used genome-wide microarray to depict main biological processes responsibles for the therapeutic benefit of the combination ofTGF-beta blockade and local radiotherapy. To gain a more comprehensice protrait of the effects of RT and TGFbeta blockade on gene expressionin tumors, we collected 4T1 tumors 4 days after completion of RT. Three tumors from each group were then subjected to RNA extraction and hybridization on affymetrix array.", "release_date": "2015-04-12", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-160/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "4T1 tumor" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Treatment" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Sandra Mary Jiri Claire H Demaria Barcellos-Hoff Zavadil Vanpouille-Box" ], "publication_title": "TGFβ Is a Master Regulator of Radiation Therapy-Induced Antitumor Immunity." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-161", "osd_num": 161, "identifiers": "GLDS-161", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-161", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/161", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/161" } }, "overview": { "title": "Rodent Research-3-CASIS: Mouse adrenal gland transcriptomic, proteomic, and epigenomic data", "description": "The Rodent Research-3 (RR-3) mission was sponsored by the pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly and Co. and the Center for the Advancement of Science in Space to study the effectiveness of a potential countermeasure for the loss of muscle and bone mass that occurs during spaceflight. Twenty BALB/c, 12-weeks old female mice (ten controls and ten treated) were flown to the ISS and housed in the Rodent Habitat for 39-42 days. Twenty mice of similar age, sex and strain were used for ground controls housed in identical hardware and matching ISS environmental conditions. Basal controls were housed in standard vivarium cages. Spaceflight, ground controls and basal groups had blood collected, then were euthanized, had one hind limb removed, and finally whole carcasses were stored at -80 C until dissection. All mice in this data set received only the control/sham injection.", "release_date": "2018-03-16", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-161/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Adrenal gland", "Not applicable" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry", "nucleotide sequencing", "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein expression profiling", "DNA methylation profiling", "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "LTQ Orbitrap Velos (Thermo Scientific)", "Illumina", "Illumina HiSeq 4000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-8" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Ruth Jonathan Rosamund Marty Globus Galazka Smith Cramer" ], "publication_title": "NASA GeneLab Platform Utilized for Biological Response to Space Radiation in Animal Models" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-162", "osd_num": 162, "identifiers": "GLDS-162", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-162", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/162", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/162" } }, "overview": { "title": "Rodent Research-3-CASIS: Mouse eye transcriptomic and proteomic data", "description": "The Rodent Research-3 (RR-3) mission was sponsored by the pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly and Co. and the Center for the Advancement of Science in Space to study the effectiveness of a potential countermeasure for the loss of muscle and bone mass that occurs during spaceflight. Twenty BALB/c, 12-weeks old female mice (ten controls and ten treated) were flown to the ISS and housed in the Rodent Habitat for 39-42 days. Twenty mice of similar age, sex and strain were used for ground controls housed in identical hardware and matching ISS environmental conditions. Basal controls were housed in standard vivarium cages. Spaceflight, ground controls and basal groups had blood collected, then were euthanized, had one hind limb removed, and finally whole carcasses were stored at -80 C until dissection. All mice in this data set received only the control/sham injection.", "release_date": "2018-03-16", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-162/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "eye" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry", "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein expression profiling", "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "LTQ Orbitrap Velos (Thermo Scientific)", "Illumina HiSeq 4000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-8" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Ruth Jonathan Rosamund Marty Globus Galazka Smith Cramer" ], "publication_title": "NASA GeneLab Platform Utilized for Biological Response to Space Radiation in Animal Models" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-163", "osd_num": 163, "identifiers": "GLDS-163", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-163", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/163", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/163" } }, "overview": { "title": "Rodent Research-3-CASIS: Mouse kidney transcriptomic, proteomic, and epigenomic data", "description": "The Rodent Research-3 (RR-3) mission was sponsored by the pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly and Co. and the Center for the Advancement of Science in Space to study the effectiveness of a potential countermeasure for the loss of muscle and bone mass that occurs during spaceflight. Twenty BALB/c, 12-weeks old female mice (ten controls and ten treated) were flown to the ISS and housed in the Rodent Habitat for 39-42 days. Twenty mice of similar age, sex and strain were used for ground controls housed in identical hardware and matching ISS environmental conditions. Basal controls were housed in standard vivarium cages. Spaceflight, ground controls and basal groups had blood collected, then were euthanized, had one hind limb removed, and finally whole carcasses were stored at -80 C until dissection. All mice in this data set received only the control/sham injection.", "release_date": "2018-03-16", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-163/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Left kidney" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry", "nucleotide sequencing", "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein expression profiling", "DNA methylation profiling", "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "LTQ Orbitrap Velos (Thermo Scientific)", "Illumina", "Illumina HiSeq 4000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-8" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Ruth Jonathan Rosamund Marty Globus Galazka Smith Cramer" ], "publication_title": "NASA GeneLab Platform Utilized for Biological Response to Space Radiation in Animal Models" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-164", "osd_num": 164, "identifiers": "GLDS-164", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-164", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/164", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/164" } }, "overview": { "title": "Effects of spaceflight on the immunoglobulin repertoire of unimmunized C57BL/6 mice", "description": "Spaceflight has been shown to suppress the adaptive immune response, altering the distribution and function of lymphocyte populations. B lymphocytes express highly specific and highly diversified receptors, known as immunoglobulins (Ig), that directly bind and neutralize pathogens. Ig diversity is achieved through the enzymatic splicing of gene segments within the genomic DNA of each B cell in a host. The collection of Ig specificities within a host, or Ig repertoire, has been increasingly characterized in both basic research and clinical settings using high-throughput sequencing technology (HTS). We utilized HTS to test the hypothesis that spaceflight affects the B-cell repertoire. To test this hypothesis, we characterized the impact of spaceflight on the unimmunized Ig repertoire of C57BL/6 mice that were flown aboard the International Space Station (ISS) during the Rodent Research One validation flight in comparison to ground controls. Individual gene segment usage was similar between ground control and flight animals, however, gene segment combinations and the junctions in which gene segments combine was varied among animals within and between treatment groups. We also found that spontaneous somatic mutations in the IgH and Igκ gene loci were not increased. These data suggest that space flight did not affect the B cell repertoire of mice flown and housed on the ISS over a short period of time.", "release_date": "2018-01-19", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-164/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Spleen", "Liver" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "MiSeq" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Tissue" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Tissue" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-4" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "NASA Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Stephen Michael K J Chapes Pecaut" ], "publication_title": "Effects of spaceflight on the immunoglobulin repertoire of unimmunized C57BL/6 mice" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-168", "osd_num": 168, "identifiers": "GLDS-168", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-168", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/168", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/168" } }, "overview": { "title": "RR-1 and RR-3 mouse liver transcriptomics with and without ERCC control RNA spike-ins", "description": "Proper interpretation of RNA sequencing data requires an understanding of assay sensitivity and sources of variability. To this end, the External RNA Control Consortium (ERCC) developed a standard set of 92 poly-adenylated RNA transcripts that are orthogonal to mammalian RNA that can be added to RNA extracts before library generation and sequencing. The presence of these RNA standards at known ratios improves interpretation of RNA sequencing datasets. To test the utility of the ERCC RNA controls, total RNA extracted from mouse livers from the Rodent Research 1 (flight, ground control, basal control and vivarium control groups) and Rodent Research 3 (flight, ground control and basal control groups) missions were sequenced with and without the ERCC control RNA (RR-3 liver samples without ERCC control have been sequenced previously and the dataset is released in the GLDS-137). To allow comparison within and between groups, ERCC Mix 1 or Mix 2 were added to half of the samples from each group, respectively.", "release_date": "2020-03-16", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-168/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Liver" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina HiSeq 4000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Spike-in Quality Control", "Space Mission" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "ERCC RNA spike-in", "Space Mission" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-4 SpaceX-8" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan Galazka" ], "publication_title": "Reproducible changes in the gut microbiome suggest a shift in microbial and host metabolism during spaceflight Multi-omics analysis of multiple missions to space reveal a theme of lipid dysregulation in mouse liver NASA GeneLab Platform Utilized for Biological Response to Space Radiation in Animal Models" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-170", "osd_num": 170, "identifiers": "GLDS-170", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-170", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/170", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/170" } }, "overview": { "title": "NASA Aircraft Bioaerosol Collector (ABC)", "description": "Airborne microorganisms in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere remain elusive due to a lack of reliable sample collection systems. To address this problem, we designed, installed, and flight-validated a novel Aircraft Bioaerosol Collector (ABC) for NASA's C-20A that can make collections for microbiological research investigations up to altitudes of 13.7 km. Herein we report results from the first set of science flights—four consecutive missions flown over the United States (US) from 30 October to 2 November, 2017. To ascertain how the concentration of airborne bacteria changed across the tropopause, we collected air during aircraft Ascent/Descent (0.3 to 11 km), as well as sustained Cruise altitudes in the lower stratosphere (~12 km). Bioaerosols were captured on DNA-treated gelatinous filters inside a cascade air sampler, then analyzed with molecular and culture-based characterization. Several viable bacterial isolates were recovered from flight altitudes, including Bacillus sp., Micrococcus sp., Arthrobacter sp., and Staphylococcus sp. from Cruise samples and Brachybacterium sp. from Ascent/Descent samples. Using 16S V4 sequencing methods for a culture-independent analysis of bacteria, the average number of total OTUs was 305 for Cruise samples and 276 for Ascent/Descent samples. Some taxa were more abundant in the flight samples than the ground samples, including OTUs from families Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae as well as the following genera: Clostridium, Mogibacterium, Corynebacterium, Bacteroides, Prevotella, Pseudomonas, and Parabacteroides. Surprisingly, our results revealed a homogeneous distribution of bacteria in the atmosphere up to 12 km. The observation could be due to atmospheric conditions producing similar background aerosols across the western US, as suggested by modeled back trajectories and satellite measurements. However, the influence of aircraft-associated bacterial contaminants could not be fully eliminated and that background signal was reported throughout our dataset. Considering the tremendous engineering challenge of collecting biomass at extreme altitudes where contamination from flight hardware remains an ever-present issue, we note the utility of using the stratosphere as a proving ground for planned life detection missions across the solar system.", "release_date": "2018-10-14", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-170/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "cellular organisms" ], "material_types": [ "bioaerosol" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "16S" ], "measurement_types": [ "Amplicon Sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Altitude", "Sample Location", "Time" ], "types": [ "Altitude", "Sample Location", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "UAVSAR" ], "flight_programs": [ "NASA Airborne Science Program" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "David J Smith" ], "publication_title": "Airborne Bacteria in Earth's Lower Stratosphere Resemble Taxa Detected in the Troposphere: Results from a New NASA Aircraft Bioaerosol Collector (ABC)" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-172", "osd_num": 172, "identifiers": "GLDS-172", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-172", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/172", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/172" } }, "overview": { "title": "Dynamic gene expression response to altered gravity in human T cells (parabolic flight)", "description": "We investigated differentially regulated genes in human Jurkat T lymphocytic cells in 20s and 5min microgravity and in hypergravity and compared expression profiles to identify potential gravity-regulated genes and adaptation processes. This dataset is part of a series of three, and the other two datasets are deposited in GLDS-188 and GLDS-189.", "release_date": null, "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-172/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Altered Gravity" ], "types": [ "Gravity", "Altered" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "Airbus A300 ZERO-G" ], "space_programs": [ "German Aerospace Center (DLR)" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Cora S. Thiel" ], "publication_title": "Dynamic gene expression response to altered gravity in human T cells Stability of gene expression in human T cells in different gravity environments is clustered in chromosomal region 11p15.4" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-173", "osd_num": 173, "identifiers": "GLDS-173", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-173", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/173", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/173" } }, "overview": { "title": "STS-135: Mouse Liver Transcriptomics using RNA-Seq", "description": "Female C57BL/6CR mice were flown onboard STS-135 for 13 days and returned to Earth for analysis. Livers were collected within 3-4 hours of landing and snap frozen in liquid nitrogen. Liver tissue samples that were used for microarray analysis for GLDS-25 were provided to GeneLab. GeneLab extracted RNA, added ERCC control spike-in to the samples, and performed RNA-Seq analysis.", "release_date": "2018-05-04", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-173/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Liver" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "STS-135" ], "flight_programs": [ "Space Transportation System (STS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Kaushik Samrawit Amanda Homer Valery San-Huei UC Davis Sylvain Karen Jonathan Alec Alexis Jihan G M W V M Chakravarty Gebre Saravia-Butler Fogle Boyko Lai Polo Genome Center Costes Jonscher Galazka Vallota-Eastman Torres Yehia" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-174", "osd_num": 174, "identifiers": "GLDS-174", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-174", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/174", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/174" } }, "overview": { "title": "Effects of a Closed Space Environment on Gene Expression in Hair Follicles of Astronauts in the International Space Station", "description": "In recent times, long-term stay has become a common occurrence in the International Space Station (ISS). However, adaptation to the space environment can sometimes pose physiological problems to the astronauts after their return. Therefore, it is important to develop healthcare technologies for astronauts. In this study, hair, an easy-to-obtain sample, was identified as the candidate. In order to investigate the genetic changes in human hair during space flight, the hair follicles of 10 astronauts were analyzed by DNA microarray and real time q-PCR analyses. Space environment induced gene expression of hair follicles of astronaut was measured 6 differnent times included 2 in flight on orbit. Ten independent experiments were performed on differing astronauts. and the sampling day was differed for each astronaut because of their schedules.", "release_date": "2016-03-31", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-174/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Hair follicle" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Sex", "Tim", "Spaceflight", "Time" ], "types": [ "Sex", "root", "Space Flight", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "JAXA" ], "space_programs": [ "Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Masaya Masahiro Seki Terada" ], "publication_title": "Effects of a Closed Space Environment on Gene Expression in Hair Follicles of Astronauts in the International Space Station." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-175", "osd_num": 175, "identifiers": "GLDS-175", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-175", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/175", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/175" } }, "overview": { "title": "IMR90 4hr bystander experiment 0.5Gy alpha particle strip dish format", "description": "Radiation affects tissue and cellular integrity at the level of DNA, protein and metabolites of the cell and extracellular space. The effects of radiation are not limited to targeted cells and tissue and radiation induced bystander effects are significant to exposed individuals in accidental or therapeutic situations. These non-targeted effects of radiation have been studied extensively at the low dose range where they appear to have adverse effects on cells and surrounding environments. The requirement of cellular contact and shared fluid media has been established as critical to the bystander effect yet there is not much known about the actual signaling mechanism and its ability to transmit the damaging effect over space and time. Experimental cell types and context within the tissue are also quite important to the nature and extent of this bystander effect and must be considered when drawing parallels at the organismal level. Our approach was to use a genomic level analysis of global mRNA expression in primary lung fibroblast cells to understand the cellular triggers and mechanism of the bystander effect. Gene ontology and pathway analyses suggested that the p53 induced transcriptional response appears muted in bystanders while cytokine and cell signaling mechanisms such as those controlled by NFkB and p38 MAPK are highly active in both populations. We validated a large number of genes that are significantly changed at 4hrs after irradiation in both irradiated and bystander populations. We investigated time course gene expression profiles of cyclooxygenase2 (PTGS2), interleukin 8 (IL8) and BCL2 related protein 2 (BCL2A1), as genes that are involved in cellular signaling via the NFkB pathway, which revealed that there is a dramatic response at 0.5hr after irradiation followed by another wave at 4hr in both populations. The induction of interleukins such as cytokine IL8 and chemokine IL6 at the transcriptional level is both early and amplified and if followed by translation and secretion of these proteins could explain the concerted response seen in bystander cells. Our results are the first to show that there is a significant and distinct global response of cellular signaling genes in bystander cells with some genes showing a response as early as 0.5hr after irradiation which implies a fast moving intercellular signal that leads to a concerted response in the irradiated and bystander populations. Keywords: gene expression fold change There are 12 total samples, 4 corresponding biological replicates of IMR90 cells that were not irradiated (control=C), irradiated (alpha=A) and bystander (B)", "release_date": "2008-12-28", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-175/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "primary lung fibroblast cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Absorbed Radiation Dose" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "absorbed radiation dose" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Shanaz Sally A Ghandhi Amundson" ], "publication_title": "Global gene expression analyses of bystander and alpha particle irradiated normal human lung fibroblasts: synchronous and differential responses." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-176", "osd_num": 176, "identifiers": "GLDS-176", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-176", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/176", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/176" } }, "overview": { "title": "Regulation of early signaling and gene expression in the alpha-particle and bystander response of IMR-90 human fibroblasts.", "description": "The existence of a radiation bystander effect, in which non-irradiated cells respond to signals from irradiated cells, is well established. To understand early signaling and gene regulation in bystander cells, we used a bioinformatics approach, measuring global gene expression at 30 minutes and signaling pathways between 30 minutes and 4 hours after exposure to alpha-particles in IMR-90 fibroblasts. We used whole human genome microarrays and real time quantitative PCR to measure and validate gene expression. Microarray analysis was done using BRB-Array Tools; pathway and ontology analyses were done using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and PANTHER, respectively. We studied signaling in irradiated and bystander cells using immunoblotting and semi-quantitative image analysis. Gene ontology suggested signal transduction and transcriptional regulation responding 30 minutes after treatment affected cell structure, motility and adhesion, and interleukin synthesis. We measured time-dependent expression of genes controlled by the NF-kappaB pathway; matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 3; chemokine ligands 2, 3 and 5 and interleukins 1beta, 6 and 33. There was an increased response of this set of genes 30 minutes after treatment and another wave of induction at 4 hours. We investigated AKT-GSK3beta signaling and found both AKT and GSK3beta are hyper-phosphorylated 30 minutes after irradiation and this effect is maintained through 4 hours. In bystander cells, a similar response was seen with a delay of 30 minutes. We proposed a network model where the observed decrease in phosphorylation of beta-catenin protein after GSK3beta dependent inactivation can trigger target gene expression at later times after radiation exposure. These results are the first to show that the radiation induced bystander signal induces a widespread gene expression response at 30 minutes after treatment and these changes are accompanied by modification of signaling proteins in the PI3K-AKT-GSK3beta pathway.", "release_date": "2010-07-21", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-176/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Radiation Distance" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "Radiation Distance" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Shanaz Sally Lihua Vladimir N Tom K A Ghandhi Amundson Ming Ivanov Hei" ], "publication_title": "Regulation of early signaling and gene expression in the alpha-particle and bystander response of IMR-90 human fibroblasts." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-177", "osd_num": 177, "identifiers": "GLDS-177", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-177", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/177", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/177" } }, "overview": { "title": "Draft Genome Sequences of Two Fusarium oxysporum Isolates Cultured from Infected Zinnia hybrida Plants Grown on the International Space Station", "description": "Draft genome sequences of two Fusarium oxysporum isolates cultured from infected Zinnia hybrida plants grown on the International Space Station", "release_date": "2018-03-30", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-177/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Fusarium oxysporum" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "nucleotide sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "genome sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-3" ], "flight_programs": [ "Internation Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Kasthuri Camilla Venkateswaran Urbaniak" ], "publication_title": "Draft Genome Sequences of Two Fusarium oxysporum Isolates Cultured from Infected Zinnia hybrida Plants Grown on the International Space Station." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-178", "osd_num": 178, "identifiers": "GLDS-178", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-178", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/178", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/178" } }, "overview": { "title": "IMR90 radiation bystander time-course experiment 0.5Gy alpha particle", "description": "The radiation bystander effect is an important component of the overall biological response of tissues and organisms to ionizing radiation. Little is known about the contribution of genome level changes in neighboring bystander cells to tissue and organ stress after irradiation. The timing of these changes is critical in the physiological context and these questions can only be answered by studying signaling and global transcriptomics in a chronological way. Here, we present a strategy to identify different biologically important signaling modules that act in concert in the radiation and bystander responses. We used time series gene expression analysis of normal human fibroblast cells measured at 0.5 hour, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours and 24 hours after exposure to radiation coupled with a novel clustering method targeted to short time series, Feature Based Partitioning around medoids Algorithm (FBPA), to look for genes that were potentially co-regulated. This method uses biologically meaningful features of the expression profile and dimension augmentation to address the analysis of sparse data sets such as ours. We applied FBPA and Short Time series Expression Miner (STEM) to the same datasets and present the results of our comparisons using computational metrics as well as biological enrichment. Enrichment showed that gene expression in irradiated cells fell into broad categories of signal transduction, cell cycle/cell death and inflammation/immunity; but only FBPA clustered functions well. In bystander cells, the gene expression response was also broadly categorized into functions associated with cell communication and motility, signal transduction and inflammation; but neither STEM nor FBPA separated biological functions as well as in irradiated samples. Network analysis revealed that p53 and NF-kappaB were central players in gene expression in both irradiated and bystander gene clusters. Analysis of individual clusters also suggested new regulators of gene expression in the radiation and bystander response that may act at the epigenetic level such as histone deacetylases (HDAC1 and HDAC2) and methylases (KDM5B) that can act as strong transcription repressors. Based on these results, we propose a novel time series clustering method, FBPA, as a powerful approach that can be applied to sparse data sets (including genomic profiling data), where the choice of features selected for clustering and stringent statistical outcome analysis can augment our knowledge of the underlying cellular mechanisms in biological processes. There are 72 total samples, 4 corresponding biological replicates of IMR90 cells that were not irradiated (control=C), irradiated (alpha=A) and bystander (B), cells were harvested at 0.5 hour, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours and 24 hours after treatment", "release_date": "2011-01-14", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-178/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment", "Radiation Distance" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment", "Radiation Distance" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Shanaz Sally A A Ghandhi Amundson" ], "publication_title": "Time-series clustering of gene expression in irradiated and bystander fibroblasts: an application of FBPA clustering." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-182", "osd_num": 182, "identifiers": "GLDS-182", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-182", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/182", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/182" } }, "overview": { "title": "Human skin fibroblast mitochondrial depletion, 0.5 Gy alpha-particle", "description": "Mitochondrial DNA-depleted human skin fibroblasts (HSF rho0) with suppressed oxidative phosphorylation were characterized by significant changes in the expression of 2100 nuclear genes, encoding numerous protein classes, in NF-kappaB and STAT3 signaling pathways and by decreased activity of the mitochondrial death pathway, compared to the parent rho+ HSF. In contrast, the extrinsic TRAIL/TRAIL-Receptor-mediated death pathway remained highly active, and exogenous TRAIL induced higher levels of apoptosis in rho0 cells compared to rho+ HSF. Global gene expression analysis using microarray and quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated that expression levels of many growth factors and their adaptor proteins (FGF13, HGF, IGFBP4, IGFBP6, IGFL2), cytokines (IL6, IL17B, IL18, IL19, IL28B) and cytokine receptors (IL1R1, IL21R, IL31RA) were substantially decreased after mitochondrial depletion. Some of these genes were targets of NF-kappaB and STAT3, and their protein products could regulate the STAT3 signaling pathway. Alpha-irradiation induced expression of several NF-kappaB/STAT3 target genes, including IL1A, IL1B, IL6, PTGS2/COX2 and MMP12, in rho+ HSF, but this response was substantially decreased in rho0 HSF. Suppression of the IKK-NF-kappaB pathway by the small molecular inhibitor BMS-345541 and of the JAK2-STAT3 pathway by AG490 dramatically increased TRAIL-induced apoptosis in the control and irradiated rho+ HSF. Inhibitory antibodies against IL6, the main activator of JAK2-STAT3 pathway, added into the cell media, also increased TRAIL-induced apoptosis in rho+ HSF. However, NF-kappaB activation was partially lost in mitochondrial DNA-depleted HSF resulting in downregulation of the basal or radiation-induced expression of numerous NF-kappaB targets, further suppressing IL6-JAK2-STAT3, that in concert with NF-kappaB, regulated protection against TRAIL-induced apoptosis. There are 12 total samples, 3 biological replicates each of HSF rho+ and rho0 cells that were not irradiated (control=C) or irradiated (alpha=A). Cells were harvested at 4 hours after treatment.", "release_date": "2011-04-04", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-182/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Treatment" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Shanaz Sally A A Ghandhi Amundson" ], "publication_title": "Radiation response and regulation of apoptosis induced by a combination of TRAIL and CHX in cells lacking mitochondrial DNA: a role for NF-κB-STAT3-directed gene expression." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-183", "osd_num": 183, "identifiers": "GLDS-183", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-183", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/183", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/183" } }, "overview": { "title": "Radiation-induced bystander effects and gene expression in cells deficient for RAD9", "description": "Background: The radiation bystander response is an important component of the overall response of cells to radiation and critical to understanding health risks of radiation exposure to humans. The mechanism of radiation response includes inter-cellular signaling and intra-cellular communication by which the bystander signal is propagated. Methods: We measured the bystander response to 1Gy a-particle radiation in Mrad9-/- mouse stem cells and H1299shRAD9 cells, using chromosomal aberration and micronucleus formation as DNA damage endpoints. In the H1299 model we used whole genome microarray analyses to profile the transcriptome of irradiated and bystander cells. Results: We investigated the role of RAD9 in the bystander response and showed that depletion or mutation of RAD9 had an effect of increasing chromosomal structural damage as well as micronucleus formation in bystander cells. The enhancement of the damage effect correlated strongly with a transcriptomic response in critical pathways. RAD9 depletion affected many pathways in the cell, including the UV-MAPK pathway, involving p38MAPK members, STAT1 and PARP1 at the mRNA levels. There was an overall reduction of RNA biogenesis of gene members of this pathway suggesting that perhaps these signaling pathways do not function optimally after RAD9 depletion. Using network analysis we found there may be differential activation of transcriptional regulators between the irradiated and bystander cells involving the SP1 and NUPR1 transcription factors. Network analysis also suggested that HIF1a (Hypoxia induced factor 1a) activation could be a negative predictor of the bystander effect and perhaps that local hypoxic stress observed by cells that are directly exposed to radiation may predict whether or not they will elicit a bystander response. Gene expression in H1299 cells was measured at 4 hours after exposure to 1 Gy a-particles. There were two groups based on RAD9 status, RAD9 normal and RAD9 depleted by siRNA. In each of these groups, sham irradiated, direct irradiated cells for positive bystanders, positive bystanders, direct irradiated cells for negative bystanders and negative bystanders; were identified based on micronucleus responses. Five biological replicates were analyzed for each experimental group.", "release_date": "2014-10-07", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-183/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Genotype", "Radiation Distance", "Micronucleus Index" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "genotype", "Radiation Distance", "micronucleus index" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Shanaz Howard Adi B Ghandhi Lieberman" ], "publication_title": "RAD9 deficiency enhances radiation induced bystander DNA damage and transcriptomal response." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-185", "osd_num": 185, "identifiers": "GLDS-185", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-185", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/185", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/185" } }, "overview": { "title": "BRIC-21 Bacillus subtilis transcriptome profile data", "description": "The BRIC-21 mission was designed to identify the response of Bacillus subtilis to the human spaceflight environment. For this mission, samples were grown in rich-medium using the Biological Research in Canister Petri Dish Fixation Units (BRIC-PDFU) spaceflight hardware. B. subtilis spores were inoculated during spaceflight, grown at the ambient ISS temperature, and frozen in the onboard -80 C freezer prior to returning to Earth. RNA was extracted from samples grown onboard the International Space Station (ISS) and matching Ground Controls for transcriptome analysis.", "release_date": "2019-02-15", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-185/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Bacillus subtilis" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-6" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Wayne Patricia Michael L D Nicholson Fajardo-Cavazos Morrison" ], "publication_title": "Comparison of Bacillus subtilis transcriptome profiles from two separate missions to the International Space Station. Meta-analysis of data from spaceflight transcriptome experiments does not support the idea of a common bacterial spaceflight response. Establishing Standard Protocols for Bacterial Culture in Biological Research in Canisters (BRIC) Hardware" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-188", "osd_num": 188, "identifiers": "GLDS-188", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-188", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/188", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/188" } }, "overview": { "title": "Dynamic gene expression response to altered gravity in human T cells (sounding rocket flight)", "description": "We investigated differentially regulated genes in human Jurkat T lymphocytic cells in 20s and 5min microgravity and in hypergravity and compared expression profiles to identify potential gravity-regulated genes and adaptation processes. This dataset is part of a series of three, and the other two datasets are deposited in GLDS-172 and GLDS-189.", "release_date": "2017-08-11", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-188/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Altered Gravity" ], "types": [ "Gravity", "Altered" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "German Aerospace Center (DLR)" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Cora S Thiel" ], "publication_title": "Dynamic gene expression response to altered gravity in human T cells Stability of gene expression in human T cells in different gravity environments is clustered in chromosomal region 11p15.4 Expression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (HIF-1α) and Genes of Related Pathways in Altered Gravity Transcriptional Homeostasis of Oxidative Stress-Related Pathways in Altered Gravity" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-189", "osd_num": 189, "identifiers": "GLDS-189", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-189", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/189", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/189" } }, "overview": { "title": "Gene expression response to simulated gravity and hypergravity in human T cells", "description": "We investigated differentially regulated and stably expressed genes in human Jurkat T lymphocytic cells in 5min simulated microgravity and hypergravity and compared expression profiles to identify gravity-regulated and unaffected genes as well as adaptation processes. This dataset is part of a series of three, and the other two datasets are deposited in GLDS-172 and GLDS-188.", "release_date": "2018-03-08", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-189/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Altered Gravity" ], "types": [ "Gravity", "Altered" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "German Aerospace Center DLR" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Cora S. Thiel" ], "publication_title": "Stability of gene expression in human T cells in different gravity environments is clustered in chromosomal region 11p15.4" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-190", "osd_num": 190, "identifiers": "GLDS-190", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-190", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/190", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/190" } }, "overview": { "title": "Worms spun in centrifuge at elevated g values", "description": "Worms spun at higher than normal g values for 4 days on 20G centrifuge vs. worms kept at 1 X G. Both are mixed stage cultures. A stimulus or stress experiment design type is where that tests response of an organism(s) to stress/stimulus. e.g. osmotic stress, behavioral treatment Physical Characteristics: worms kept at increased g values for 4 days (x g value) stimulus_or_stress_design.", "release_date": "2013-06-22", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-190/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "non-commercial" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Altered Gravity" ], "types": [ "Gravity", "Altered" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Nathaniel Catharine John J Szewczyk Conley Wang" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-191", "osd_num": 191, "identifiers": "GLDS-191", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-191", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/191", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/191" } }, "overview": { "title": "Temporal dynamics of the gut microbiota in people sharing a confined environment, a 520-day ground-based space simulation, MARS500", "description": "The MARS500 project, the longest ground-based space simulation ever, provided us with a unique opportunity to trace the crew microbiota over 520 days of isolated confinement, such as that faced by astronauts in real long-term interplanetary space flights, and after returning to regular life, for a total of 2 years.", "release_date": "2017-03-24", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-191/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [ "Feces" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "16S" ], "measurement_types": [ "Amplicon Sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Time" ], "types": [ "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Marco Candela" ], "publication_title": "Temporal dynamics of the gut microbiota in people sharing a confined environment, a 520-day ground-based space simulation, MARS500" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-192", "osd_num": 192, "identifiers": "GLDS-192", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-192", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/192", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/192" } }, "overview": { "title": "Adaptive changes in the vestibular system of land snail to a 30-day spaceflight and readaptation on return to Earth", "description": "The vestibular system receives a permanent influence from gravity and reflexively controls equilibrium. If we assume gravity has remained constant during the species' evolution, will its sensory system adapt to abrupt loss of that force? We address this question in the land snail Helix lucorum exposed to 30 days of near weightlessness aboard the Bion-M1 satellite, and studied geotactic behavior of postflight snails, differential gene expressions in statocyst transcriptome, and electrophysiological responses of mechanoreceptors to applied tilts. Each approach revealed plastic changes in the snail's vestibular system assumed in response to spaceflight. Absence of light during the mission also affected statocyst physiology, as revealed by comparison to dark-conditioned control groups. Readaptation to normal tilt responses occurred at ~20 h following return to Earth. Despite the permanence of gravity, the snail responded in a compensatory manner to its loss and readapted once gravity was restored.", "release_date": "2017-11-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-192/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Helix lucorum" ], "material_types": [ "statocyst" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Ion Proton" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Light Cycle", "Food Deprivation", "Water Deprivation", "Animal Housing" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "controlled light/dark cycle", "Food Deprivation", "Water Deprivation", "Housing", "Animal" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "Bion_M1" ], "flight_programs": [ "Bion-M1 biosatellite" ], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Nikolay Aseyev" ], "publication_title": "Adaptive Changes in the Vestibular System of Land Snail to a 30-Day Spaceflight and Readaptation on Return to Earth" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-193", "osd_num": 193, "identifiers": "GLDS-193", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-193", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/193", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/193" } }, "overview": { "title": "During development, the Sku6 mutant roots engage different genes than wild type Col-0 roots, either on the ground or in spaceflight", "description": "The wild type Col-0 plants and the Sku-6 mutant plants of the Col-0 background were germinated on ISS or on the ground and the gene expression profiles in roots at 4 days or 8 days were established. The Sku6 gene (At2g03680) codes for a protein that localizes to microtubule within the cortical array and putatively acting as an intramolecular linker. The development of Col-0 and Sku-6 plants on orbit differs from that on the ground as demonstrated by the comparison of the gene expression profiles between 4 days old to 8 days old plant in the two environments. However the development of Sku-6 mutant plants also differs from Col-0 at either age and in either environment, suggesting the role of the genetic background in these developmental decisions. The 4 days old Sku-6 roots in orbit engaged more genes than the 4 days old Col-0 roots in orbit but also more than the 4 days old Sku-6 roots on the ground. Overall the 4 days old roots differentially expressed more genes in spaceflight relative to ground than the 8 days old roots of either genotype.", "release_date": "2018-03-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-193/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Time", "Genotype", "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "time", "genotype", "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-5" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Robert J Ferl" ], "publication_title": "Root skewing-associated genes impact the spaceflight response of Arabidopsis thaliana" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-194", "osd_num": 194, "identifiers": "GLDS-194", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-194", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/194", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/194" } }, "overview": { "title": "Rodent Research-3-CASIS: Mouse retina transcriptomic data", "description": "The Rodent Research-3 (RR-3) mission was sponsored by the pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly and Co. and the Center for the Advancement of Science in Space to study the effectiveness of a potential countermeasure for the loss of muscle and bone mass that occurs during spaceflight. Twenty BALB/c, 12-weeks old female mice (ten controls and ten treated) were flown to the ISS and housed in the Rodent Habitat for 39-42 days. Twenty mice of similar age, sex and strain were used for ground controls housed in identical hardware and matching ISS environmental conditions. Basal controls were housed in standard vivarium cages. Spaceflight, ground controls and basal groups had blood collected, then were euthanized, had one hind limb removed, and finally whole carcasses were stored at -80 C until dissection. All mice in this data set received only the control/sham injection. Microdissection of retinae from previously frozen eyes and RNA isolation were performed in the laboratory of Dr. Xiao Mao at Loma Linda University.", "release_date": "2018-06-06", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-194/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Right retina", "Left retina" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-8" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Ruth Rosamund Marty Jonathan Globus Smith Cramer Galazka" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-195", "osd_num": 195, "identifiers": "GLDS-195", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-195", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/195", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/195" } }, "overview": { "title": "Effects of 21 days of bedrest on human skeletal muscle gene expression", "description": "The present study concerns the effects of 21 days of sustained recumbence (bedrest) on skeletal muscle gene expression. 14 male subjects participated in normoxic bedrest (NBR) with muscle unloading, for 21 days, this is a substudy of tha PlanHab-study which apart from normoxic bedrest also involved hypoxic bedrest and hypoxic ambulation. Throughout both bedrest interventions, each subject remained in a horizontal position at all times. He was allowed one pillow for the head and to occasionally lean on an elbow while eating or being transferred to a gurney. Muscular exercise was prohibited. During the HAMB confinement, each subject was allowed to move freely within the hypoxic area. To mimic a normal level of physical activity subjects performed 30 minutes of low-to-moderate-intensity exercise twice daily. Muscle samples from Vastus lateralis.", "release_date": "2018-10-17", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-195/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Vastus Lateralis" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Bed Rest", "Time" ], "types": [ "Bed Rest", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Eric Rullman" ], "publication_title": "PlanHab (Planetary Habitat Simulation): the combined and separate effects of 21 days bed rest and hypoxic confinement on human skeletal muscle miRNA expression" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-198", "osd_num": 198, "identifiers": "GLDS-198", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-198", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/198", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/198" } }, "overview": { "title": "Effects of bedrest and hypoxia on human skeletal muscle miRNA expression", "description": "The present study concerns the effects of 21 days of sustained recumbence (bedrest) and hypoxia, alone and in combination, on skeletal muscle microRNA expression. 14 male subjects participated in 3 experimental campaigns in a counterbalanced fashion: normoxic bedrest (NBR), hypoxic bedrest (HBR) and hypoxic ambulatory confinement (HAMB), both hypoxic conditions with FO2 equals 0.141 and PIO2 equals 90 ± 0.4 mmHg, equivalent to an altitude of ≈ 4000 m). Each intervention (bedrest or ambulatory confinement) lasted 21 days, and the interventions were separated by a 4-month wash-out/recovery period. The order in which each subject undertook the interventions is denoted 'Intervention_order' Throughout both bedrest interventions, each subject remained in a horizontal position at all times. He was allowed one pillow for the head and to occasionally lean on an elbow while eating or being transferred to a gurney. Muscular exercise was prohibited. During the HAMB confinement, each subject was allowed to move freely within the hypoxic area. To mimic a normal level of physical activity subjects performed 30 minutes of low-to-moderate-intensity exercise twice daily. Muscle samples from Vastus lateralis.", "release_date": "2016-05-04", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-198/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Vastus Lateralis" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "miRNA Microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Experimental Campaign", "Bed Rest", "Time" ], "types": [ "intervention design", "Bed Rest", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Eric Rullman" ], "publication_title": "PlanHab (Planetary Habitat Simulation): the combined and separate effects of 21 days bed rest and hypoxic confinement on human skeletal muscle miRNA expression" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-199", "osd_num": 199, "identifiers": "GLDS-199", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-199", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/199", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/199" } }, "overview": { "title": "Response to Low Shear Modeled Microgravity Indicates Translation of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 Benefits to Spaceflight", "description": "The introduction of generally recognized as safe (GRAS) probiotic microbes into the spaceflight food system has the potential for use as a safe, non-invasive, daily countermeasure to crew microbiome and immune dysregulation. However, the microgravity effects on the stress tolerances and genetic expression of probiotic bacteria must be determined to confirm translation of strain benefits and to identify potential for optimization of growth, survival, and strain selection for spaceflight. The work presented here demonstrates the translation of characteristics of a GRAS probiotic bacteria to a microgravity analog environment. Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 was grown in the low shear modeled microgravity (LSMMG) orientation and the control orientation in the rotating wall vessel (RWV) to determine the effect of LSMMG on the growth, survival through stress challenge, and gene expression of the strain. No differences were observed between the LSMMG and control grown L. acidophilus, suggesting that the strain will behave similarly in spaceflight and may be expected to confer Earth-based benefits.", "release_date": "2017-07-25", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-199/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Lactobacillus acidophilus" ], "material_types": [ "cell pellets" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Microgravity Simulation" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "JSC", "people": [ "Sarah Castro-Wallace" ], "publication_title": "Response of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 to low-shear modeled microgravity" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-200", "osd_num": 200, "identifiers": "GLDS-200", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-200", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/200", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/200" } }, "overview": { "title": "Quantitative evaluation of bioaerosols in different particle size fractions collected on the International Space Station (ISS)", "description": "Exposure to bioaerosols can negatively impact human health. On the International Space Station (ISS) this exposure differs to that on Earth due to lack of gravitational settling and differing microbial sources. It is unknown how microbes are influenced by different particle size fractions in microgravity. The goal of this study is to identify the microbial communities on different particle size fractions taken from the ISS.", "release_date": "2019-08-08", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-200/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Bacillus atrophaeus", "Microbiota", "Escherichia coli" ], "material_types": [ "Dust", "blank" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "16S and ITS" ], "measurement_types": [ "Amplicon Sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Sample Location", "Treatment", "Sieve Size" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Sample Location", "treatment", "Sieve Size" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "NASA Glenn Research Center", "people": [ "Karen Sarah C R Dannemiller Haines" ], "publication_title": "Quantitative evaluation of bioaerosols in different particle size fractions collected on the International Space Station (ISS)" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-201", "osd_num": 201, "identifiers": "GLDS-201", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-201", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/201", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/201" } }, "overview": { "title": "Impact of Antiorthostatic Suspension on Mouse response to Tetanus Toxoid and CpG", "description": "These data were generated from mice that were skeletally unloaded using antiorthostatic suspension (AOS). Mice were either subjected to AOS or tail restraint without unloading for two weeks before injection with saline +/- tetanus toxoid +/- Cpg. Mice were unloaded for an additional two weeks before being sacrificed.", "release_date": "2018-09-21", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-201/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Spleen" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Hindlimb unloading", "tetanus toxoid", "vaccine adjuvant" ], "types": [ "Hindlimb Suspension", "Tetanus Toxoid", "vaccine adjuvant" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Stephen Michael K J Chapes Pecaut" ], "publication_title": "Effects of skeletal unloading on the antibody repertoire of tetanus toxoid and/or CpG treated C57BL/6J mice." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-202", "osd_num": 202, "identifiers": "GLDS-202", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-202", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/202", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/202" } }, "overview": { "title": "Low dose (0.04 Gy) irradiation (LDR) and hindlimb unloading (HLU) microgravity in mice: brain transcriptomic and epigenomic data", "description": "The purpose of the present study was to evaluate damage in brain and eye in a ground-based model for spaceflight which includes prolonged unloading and low-dose radiation. Low-dose/Low-dose-rate (LDR) gamma-radiation using 57Co plates (0.04 Gy) was delivered whole-body to mature, 6-month old female C57BL/6 mice to simulate the radiation component. Anti-orthostatic tail suspension was used to model the unloading, fluid shift, and physiological stress aspects of the microgravity component. Mice were hindlimb suspended and/or irradiated for 21 days. Tissues were collected at 7 days, 1, 4 and 9 months following simulated microgravity. Herein we proposed to use omics-based molecular phenotyping approach for identification and characterization of genomic signatures in multiple organ system associated with low-dose radiation and simulated microgravity.", "release_date": "2018-11-30", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-202/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "brain" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)", "DNA microarray", "Reduced-Representation Bisulfite Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling", "DNA methylation profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Hindlimb Unloading", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "Hindlimb Suspension", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Xiao W Mao" ], "publication_title": "Mice Exposed to Combined Chronic Low-Dose Irradiation and Modeled Microgravity Develop Long-Term Neurological Sequelae" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-203", "osd_num": 203, "identifiers": "GLDS-203", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-203", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/203", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/203" } }, "overview": { "title": "Low dose (0.04 Gy) irradiation (LDR) and hindlimb unloading (HLU) microgravity in mice: retina transcriptomic and epigenomic data", "description": "The purpose of the present study was to evaluate damage in brain and eye in a ground-based model for spaceflight which includes prolonged unloading and low-dose radiation. Low-dose/Low-dose-rate (LDR) gamma-radiation using 57Co plates (0.04 Gy) was delivered whole-body to mature, 6-month old female C57BL/6 mice to simulate the radiation component. Anti-orthostatic tail suspension was used to model the unloading, fluid shift, and physiological stress aspects of the microgravity component. Mice were hindlimb suspended and/or irradiated for 21 days. Tissues were collected at 7 days, 1 and 4 months following simulated microgravity. Herein we proposed to use omics-based molecular phenotyping approach for identification and characterization of genomic signatures in multiple organ system associated with low-dose radiation and simulated microgravity.", "release_date": "2018-09-19", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-203/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Retina" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)", "Reduced-Representation Bisulfite Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling", "DNA methylation profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Hindlimb Unloading", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "Hindlimb Suspension", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Xiao W Nina C Michael J Mary Peter Kristine E Caroline Daila S Mao Nishiyama Pecaut Campbell-Beachler Gifford Haynes Becronis Gridley" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-205", "osd_num": 205, "identifiers": "GLDS-205", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-205", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/205", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/205" } }, "overview": { "title": "HSFA2 functions in the physiological adaptation of undifferentiated plant cells to spaceflight microgravity environment", "description": "The Heat Shock Factor A2 (HsfA2), as a part of the HSF network, is essential to the plant's response to almost any environmental stress and to the cellular homeostatic control mechanisms. Plant cell cultures disabled in HsfA2 function were grown aboard the International Space Station (ISS) in order to ascertain whether or not they use the same terrestrially effective systems to adapt to the novel environment of spaceflight. Cultured lines of Arabidopsis thaliana derived from wild type (WT) cultivar Col-0 and from a knock-out line deficient in the gene encoding HSFA2 (HSFA2 KO) were launched to the ISS on SpaceX-2 as part of the Cellular Expression Logic (CEL) experiment of the BRIC17 spaceflight mission and were fixed in-flight after 10 days on orbit. Microarray gene expression data were analyzed using a two-part comparative approach. First, differentially expressed genes were identified between the environments (spaceflight to ground) within cells of the same genotype, which represented physiological adaptation to the spaceflight environment. Second, gene expression profiles were identified between the genotypes (HSFA2 KO to WT) within the same environment, defining genes uniquely required by the two genotypes in the ground and spaceflight adapted states. The physiological state of the cells as a result of disabling a gene has tremendous control over the mechanisms induced to adapt to the environment of spaceflight. The HsfA2 demonstrated a role in the physiological adaptation to the spaceflight environment since the cells disabled in the HsfA2 gene used substantially different genes to achieve the spaceflight adapted state than the WT cells. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) define the HSFA2 KO cells' physiological state regardless of the environment and likely result from the deficiency in the chaperone-mediated protein folding machinery. HsfA2 seems to have a universal stress response role but also specific roles in the physiological adaptation to spaceflight through cell wall remodeling, signal perception and transduction and starch biosynthesis. Implementation of knock-out cells identified a set of genes with a required expression level in order for a cell to achieve a spaceflight-adapted state. The HSFA2 KO cells helped to unravel the HsfA2-dependent genes of the adaption of wild type cells to the environment of spaceflight.", "release_date": "2018-12-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-205/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Genotype" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Genotype" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-2" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Robert J Ferl" ], "publication_title": "HSFA2 Functions in the Physiological Adaptation of Undifferentiated Plant Cells to Spaceflight" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-207", "osd_num": 207, "identifiers": "GLDS-207", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-207", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/207", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/207" } }, "overview": { "title": "Correlated Gene and Protein Expression in heads from Drosophila reared in microgravity", "description": "Omics analyses of RNA and protein isolated from heads of microgravity reared adult Drosophila.", "release_date": "2018-11-30", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-207/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Drosophila melanogaster" ], "material_types": [ "Head" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)", "mass spectrometry" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling", "protein expression profiling" ], "platforms": [] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Genotype", "Strain" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "genotype", "strain" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-11" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Karen Bodmer Bhattacharya Diop James Rosa Campos B Ocorr Rolf Sharmila Soda Brian Alexander" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-208", "osd_num": 208, "identifiers": "GLDS-208", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-208", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/208", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/208" } }, "overview": { "title": "Comparing RNA-Seq and microarray gene expression data in two zones of the Arabidopsis root apex relevant to spaceflight.", "description": "Premise of the study: The root apex is an important region involved in environmental sensing, but comprises a very small part of the root. Obtaining root apex transcriptomes is therefore challenging when the samples are limited. The feasibility of using tiny root sections for transcriptome analysis was examined, comparing RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to microarrays in characterizing genes that are relevant to spaceflight.Methods:Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia ecotype (Col-0) roots were sectioned into Zone 1 (0.5 mm; root cap and meristematic zone) and Zone 2 (1.5 mm; transition, elongation, and growth-terminating zone). Differential gene expression in each was compared.Results: Both microarrays and RNA-Seq proved applicable to the small samples. A total of 4180 genes were differentially expressed (with fold changes of 2 or greater) between Zone 1 and Zone 2. In addition, 771 unique genes and 19 novel transcriptionally active regions were identified by RNA-Seq that were not detected in microarrays. However, microarrays detected spaceflight-relevant genes that were missed in RNA-Seq. Discussion: Single root tip subsections can be used for transcriptome analysis using either RNA-Seq or microarrays. Both RNA-Seq and microarrays provided novel information. These data suggest that techniques for dealing with small, rare samples from spaceflight can be further enhanced, and that RNA-Seq may miss some spaceflight-relevant changes in gene expression.", "release_date": "2018-10-29", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-208/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)", "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina", "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Tissue" ], "types": [ "tissue" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Aparna Robert J Anna-Lisa Krishnamurthy Ferl Paul" ], "publication_title": "Comparing RNA-Seq and microarray gene expression data in two zones of the Arabidopsis root apex relevant to spaceflight." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-209", "osd_num": 209, "identifiers": "GLDS-209", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-209", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/209", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/209" } }, "overview": { "title": "Re-Adaption on Earth after Spaceflights Affects the Mouse Liver Proteome", "description": "Harsh environmental conditions including microgravity and radiation during prolonged spaceflights are known to alter hepatic metabolism. Our studies have focused on the analysis of possible changes in metabolic pathways in livers of mice which experienced 30 days of spaceflight with and without an additional re-adaption period of 7 days compared to control mice on Earth. Utilizing shotgun mass spectrometry and label-free quantification, we performed proteomic profiling to investigate mice livers from the spaceflight project “Bion-M 1”. No significant alterations in protein levels were observed between control mice liver and spaceflight mice which is possibly caused by insufficient fold change detection combined with high variances within the groups. In contrast, our results show that more than a third of the quantified protein levels are altered comparing the liver proteome of mice with and without re-adaption time after their spaceflight. Proteins related to amino acid metabolism showed higher levels after re-adaption, which may indicate higher rates of gluconeogenesis. Members of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor pathway reconstitute their level after 7 days due to a decrease in fold change, which indicates decreased signs of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Moreover, bile acid secretion regenerates on Earth due to reconstitution of related transmembrane proteins and elevated levels of the drug-metabolising enzymes belonging to the CYP superfamily decrease 7 days after the spaceflight. Thus, our study demonstrates reconstitution of pharmacological response and early signs of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease recover within 7 days, whereas glucose uptake should be monitored due to alterations in gluconeogenesis.", "release_date": "2017-08-22", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-209/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Liver" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein expression profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Exactive (Thermo Scientific)" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Dissection Timeline", "Absorbed Radiation Dose" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "dissection protocol", "Absorbed Radiation Dose" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "Bion-M1" ], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Viktoria Victor Anselm Zgoda" ], "publication_title": "Re-Adaption on Earth after Spaceflights Affects the Mouse Liver Proteome" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-210", "osd_num": 210, "identifiers": "GLDS-210", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-210", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/210", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/210" } }, "overview": { "title": "Approaches for Surveying Cosmic Radiation Damage in Large Populations of Arabidopsis thaliana Seeds- an Antarctic Example", "description": "The Cosmic Ray Exposure Sequencing Science (CRESS) payload system is a proof of concept experiment to assess the genomic impact of space radiation on seeds. CRESS was designed as a secondary payload for the December 2016 high-altitude high-latitude and long-duration balloon flight carrying the Boron And Carbon Cosmic Rays in the Upper Stratosphere (BACCUS) experimental hardware. Investigation of the biological effects of Galactic Cosmic Radiation (GCR) particularly those of ions with High-Z and Energy (HZE) is of interest due to the genomic damage this type of radiation inflicts. The biological effects of upper-stratospheric mixed radiation above Antarctica (ANT) were sampled using Arabidopsis thaliana seeds and were compared to those resulting from a controlled simulation of GCR at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and to laboratory control seed. The payload developed for Antarctica exposure was broadly designed to 1U CubeSat specifications (10cmx10cmx10cm <1.33kg) maintained 1 atm internal pressure and carried an internal cargo of four seed trays (about 580,000 seeds) and twelve CR-39 Solid-State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTDs). The irradiated seeds were recovered sterilized and grown on Petri plates for phenotypic screening. BNL and ANT M0 seeds showed significantly reduced germination rates and elevated somatic mutation rates when compared to non-irradiated controls with the BNL mutation rate also being significantly higher than that of ANT. Genomic DNA from mutants of interest was evaluated with whole-genome sequencing using PacBio SMRT technology. Sequence data revealed the presence of an array of genome structural variants in the genomes of M0 and M1 mutant plants.", "release_date": "2018-12-20", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/genelab/img/GLDS210__study_image.png" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "nucleotide sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "genome sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Pacific Biosciences" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Cosmic Radiation", "Genotype" ], "types": [ "Cosmic Radiation", "Genotype" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "Cosmic Ray Exposure Sequencing Science (CRESS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Goddard Space Flight Center", "people": [ "Robert J Ferl" ], "publication_title": "Approaches for Surveying Cosmic Radiation Damage in Large Populations of Arabidopsis thaliana Seeds x96 Antarctic Balloons and Particle Beams" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-211", "osd_num": 211, "identifiers": "GLDS-211", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-211", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/211", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/211" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptomic analysis of spleens from mice subjected to chronic low-dose radiation, hindlimb unloading or a combination of both", "description": "The purpose of this study was to evaluate transcriptional changes in mouse spleens using a ground-based model for spaceflight. This model includes prolonged unloading and low-dose irradiation. Low-dose-rate gamma-radiation was delivered to 6-month old female C57BL/6J mice using 57Co plates (0.04 Gy) to simulate the radiation environment of spaceflight. Anti-orthostatic tail suspension was used to model the unloading, fluid shift, and physiological stress aspects of the microgravity component of spaceflight. Mice were hindlimb suspended and/or irradiated for 21 days. Mice were euthanized and spleens collected 7 days following treatment. RNA sequencing data was generated to assess transcriptional changes in these spleens.", "release_date": "2019-06-25", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-211/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Spleen" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NovaSeq 6000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Hindlimb Unloading" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "Hindlimb Suspension" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Jonathan Xiao San-Huei Amanda Homer Nicholas Marie Valery Sylvain Samrawit Alexis Jihan Alec M W M W T V G Galazka Mao Lai Polo Saravia-Butler Fogle Bense Dinh Boyko Costes Gebre Torres Yehia Vallota-Eastman" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-212", "osd_num": 212, "identifiers": "GLDS-212", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-212", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/212", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/212" } }, "overview": { "title": "Reproducible changes in gut microbiome reveal a shift in microbial and host metabolism during spaceflight", "description": "Data were generated as part of a NASA-funded study (Turek F (PI) et al. Effects of Spaceflight on Gastrointestinal Microbiota in Mice: Mechanisms and Impact on Multi-System. NASA NRA: NRA NNH14ZTT002N). As part of the study, we requested and received samples from RR1. We generated 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence data from DNA extracted from fecal samples, and compared these data to similar data generated on shuttle mission STS-135 and from ground-based studies of radiation. We assessed effect of flight conditions and radiation.", "release_date": "2019-03-29", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-212/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [ "Feces" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "16S" ], "measurement_types": [ "Amplicon Sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-4" ], "flight_programs": [ "Rodent Research (RR)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Stefan Peng Joshua Green Jiang" ], "publication_title": "Reproducible changes in the gut microbiome suggest a shift in microbial and host metabolism during spaceflight." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-214", "osd_num": 214, "identifiers": "GLDS-214", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-214", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/214", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/214" } }, "overview": { "title": "Impact of Antiorthostatic Suspension on Mouse response to Tetanus Toxoid and CpG: bone marrow transcriptomic data", "description": "These data were generated from mice that were skeletally unloaded using antiorthostatic suspension (AOS). Mice were either subjected to AOS or tail restraint without unloading for two weeks before injection with saline +/- tetanus toxoid +/- Cpg. Mice were unloaded for an additional two weeks before being sacrificed. This set of data focused on bone marrow. The spleen data are available in the GLDS-201.", "release_date": "2019-02-15", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-214/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Bone Marrow" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Hindlimb Unloading", "Tetanus Toxoid", "Vaccine Adjuvant" ], "types": [ "Hindlimb Suspension", "Tetanus Toxoid", "vaccine adjuvant" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Stephen Michael K J Chapes Pecaut" ], "publication_title": "Effects of skeletal unloading on the antibody repertoire of tetanus toxoid and/or CpG treated C57BL/6J mice" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-215", "osd_num": 215, "identifiers": "GLDS-215", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-215", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/215", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/215" } }, "overview": { "title": "HARV replication of the BRIC-21 Bacillus subtilis spaceflight samples", "description": "Previous spaceflight experiments using Bacillus subtilis have reported altered transcriptome profiles during spaceflight compared to matching ground samples. This study tried to replicate those transcriptome changes using High Aspect Ratio Vessels (HARVs). B. subtilis spores were grown in HARVs using the same protocol and growth conditions as the BRIC-21 spaceflight mission. RNA was extracted from the HARV samples and sequenced for differential expression analysis. HARV differentially expressed genes were then compared to the genes identified as differentially expressed in the BRIC-21 mission to access the accuracy of HARVs as a model for spaceflight experiments.", "release_date": "2020-12-04", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-215/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Bacillus subtilis" ], "material_types": [ "Spores" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Microgravity Simulation" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Wayne Michael L D Nicholson Morrison" ], "publication_title": "Comparisons of Transcriptome Profiles from Bacillus subtilis Cells Grown in Space versus High Aspect Ratio Vessel (HARV) Clinostats Reveal a Low Degree of Concordance" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-216", "osd_num": 216, "identifiers": "GLDS-216", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-216", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/216", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/216" } }, "overview": { "title": "HARV replication of the BRIC-23 Bacillus subtilis spaceflight", "description": "Previous spaceflight experiments using Bacillus subtilis have reported altered transcriptome profiles during spaceflight compared to matching ground samples. This study tried to replicate those transcriptome changes using High Aspect Ratio Vessels (HARVs). B. subtilis spores were grown in HARVs using the same protocol and growth conditions as the BRIC-23 spaceflight mission. RNA was extracted from the HARV samples and sequenced for differential expression analysis. HARV differentially expressed genes were then compared to the genes identified as differentially expressed in the BRIC-23 mission to access the accuracy of HARVs as a model for spaceflight experiments.", "release_date": "2020-12-04", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-216/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Bacillus subtilis" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Microgravity Simulation" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Wayne Michael L D Nicholson Morrison" ], "publication_title": "Comparisons of Transcriptome Profiles from Bacillus subtilis Cells Grown in Space versus High Aspect Ratio Vessel (HARV) Clinostats Reveal a Low Degree of Concordance" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-217", "osd_num": 217, "identifiers": "GLDS-217", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-217", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/217", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/217" } }, "overview": { "title": "Characterization of Epigenetic Regulation in an Extraterrestrial Environment: The Arabidopsis Spaceflight Methylome", "description": "When germinated and grown on-board the ISS (International Space Station), plant do not exhibit abnormal structures but they do have altered growth habits and this project aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms that provide the foundation for the altered growth habits observed in orbit. APEX03-2 (Advanced Plant Experiment 03-2), also known as TAGES-ISA (Transgenic Arabidopsis Gene Expression System-Intracellular Signaling Architecture) specifically addresses the growth and molecular changes that occur in Arabidopsis thaliana plants during spaceflight by using molecular and genetic tools, and by asking fundamental questions regarding root structure, growth and cell wall remodeling may be answered. This investigation advances the fundamental understanding of the molecular biological responses to extraterrestrial environments. This understanding helps to further define the impacts of spaceflight on biological systems to better enable NASA's future space exploration goals.", "release_date": "2019-03-20", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-217/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [ "leaf", "root" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing", "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "DNA methylation profiling", "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Organism Part" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "organism part" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-5" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Robert J Ferl" ], "publication_title": "Epigenomics in an extraterrestrial environment: organ-specific alteration of DNA methylation and gene expression elicited by spaceflight in Arabidopsis thaliana." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-218", "osd_num": 218, "identifiers": "GLDS-218", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-218", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/218", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/218" } }, "overview": { "title": "Plant development on ISS differs from the development on the ground and is influenced by the genetic background", "description": "The development of Col-0 and WS plants on orbit differs from that on the ground as demonstrated by the comparison of the gene expression profiles between 4 days old to 8 days old plant in the two environments. The Col-0 plants used different genes reflecting different physiological processes than WS plants, suggesting the role of the genetic background in the developmental decisions. The 4 days old Col-0 plant in orbit showed deficit in wax and suberin production relatively to the 8 days old plants, the difference unregistered on the ground. There was more dramatic difference in the overexpression of the root system development and anatomical structure development genes in 8 days old plants than in 4 days old plant in both genotypes on the ground than in flight, implying smaller root developmental gap between 4 days and 8 days old roots in orbit. The WS plant uniquely showed overexpression of the photosynthesis related genes in the 4 days old roots relative to 8 days old root in the spaceflight environment but not on the ground. The seeds germinated in the novel growth environment of ISS implemented different developmental strategies as captured by the genes expression patterns, than seeds developing on the ground.", "release_date": "2018-02-24", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-218/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Age", "Spaceflight", "Cultivar" ], "types": [ "age", "Space Flight", "cultivar" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-5" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Robert Agata Anna-Lisa K Ferl Zupanska Paul" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-222", "osd_num": 222, "identifiers": "GLDS-222", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-222", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/222", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/222" } }, "overview": { "title": "STS-135 Cerebellum Transcriptomics", "description": "Mice were flown onboard STS-135 and returned to Earth for analysis. Cerebellums were collected within 3-4 hours of landing and snap frozen in liquid nitrogen. Samples were shipped to UCI Genomics High Throughput Facility for analysis.", "release_date": "2019-03-29", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-222/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Cerebellum" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "STS-135" ], "flight_programs": [ "Space Transportation System (STS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Michael Xiao Wen John Nina Karen J Pecaut Mao Tan Nishiyama Jonscher" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-223", "osd_num": 223, "identifiers": "GLDS-223 LSDS-62", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-223", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/223", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/223" } }, "overview": { "title": "The effect of spaceflight on transgenic Arabidopsis plants with compromised signaling", "description": "Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which plants sense and adapt to changes in the space environment is essential for generating plants that are better adapted to withstand space flight, microgravity, and other adverse conditions encountered in space. The objective of our spaceflight experiment “Plant Signaling in Microgravity” (carried out on the International Space Station, ISS), was to compare transcript profiles of wild type and transgenic InsP 5-ptase plants with compromised InsP3 signaling. The transgenic Arabidopsis plants constitutively express the mammalian type I inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase (InsP 5-ptase), an enzyme that specifically hydrolyzes the lipid-derived second messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3). These transgenic plants exhibit normal growth and morphology; however, their responses to environmental stimuli including gravity and drought are altered. Seedlings were grown for 5 days under continuous light in experimental containers placed in the European Modular Cultivation system (EMCS) onboard the ISS. The EMCS consists of two rotors within a controlled chamber, allowing for a “1g” control in space. After sample retrieval from the ISS, RNA was isolated from shoot and root tissue and subjected to RNA sequencing. Two-way comparisons of micro g versus “1”g have uncovered regulatory mechanisms that are both conserved and altered between the wild type and transgenic seedlings.", "release_date": "2019-06-27", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-223/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Genotype", "Organism Part", "Altered Gravity" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Genotype", "Organism Part", "Gravity", "Altered" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "STS-135" ], "flight_programs": [ "Space Transportation System (STS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Imara James Eric V Perera Sheppard Land" ], "publication_title": "Uncovering Transcriptional Responses to Fractional Gravity in Arabidopsis Roots Conserved plant transcriptional responses to microgravity from two consecutive spaceflight experiments" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-224", "osd_num": 224, "identifiers": "GLDS-224", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-224", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/224", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/224" } }, "overview": { "title": "Whole metagenome profiles of particulates collected from the International Space Station.", "description": "The microbial composition of the International Space Station (ISS) environment is of critical interest due to potential impact of its constituents on human health and operational mission success. This study examined the whole metagenome of ISS microbes at both a species- and gene-level resolution. Air filter and dust samples from the ISS were analyzed and compared to samples collected in a terrestrial cleanroom environment. Samples were collected from ISS and cleanroom environments and treated to examine DNA from total versus viable populations. Microbial genes relevant to human health such as antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes were quantified.", "release_date": "2017-01-17", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-224/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [ "filter particles", "dust" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "Metagenomic sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Treatment", "Sample Location" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "treatment", "sample location" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)", "people": [ "Nicholas A Aram Jonathan E Nitin Aleksandra Crystal Kasthuri Be Avila-Herrera Allen Singh Checinska Sielaff Jaing Venkateswaran" ], "publication_title": "Whole metagenome profiles of particulates collected from the International Space Station." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-225", "osd_num": 225, "identifiers": "GLDS-225", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-225", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/225", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/225" } }, "overview": { "title": "Expression profiling of soleus muscle under the effect of simulated spaceflight", "description": "Spaceflight imposes the risk of skeletal muscle atrophy for astronauts. The understanding of muscle atrophy because of spaceflight is limited, but continued efforts are essential for developing countermeasures of this effect. A distinct difference between spaceflight-induced muscle atrophy and other forms of atrophy is the additional effect of cosmic rays in outer space. To study spaceflight-induced muscle atrophy, we performed two ground-based models of microgravity in a low dose radiation environment and studied transcriptional changes in rat soleus muscle using microarray technology.", "release_date": "2017-01-20", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-225/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Rattus norvegicus" ], "material_types": [ "Soleus" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Hindlimb Unloading", "Treatment" ], "types": [ "Hindlimb Suspension", "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Kim Ngan Tran" ], "publication_title": "Mimic microgravity effect on muscle transcriptome under ionizing radiation." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-227", "osd_num": 227, "identifiers": "GLDS-227", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-227", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/227", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/227" } }, "overview": { "title": "Effect of acute muscle unloading on soleus and gastrocnemius muscle gene expression", "description": "Gene expression changes induced by acute skeletal muscle unloading, which leads to physiological changes including muscle atrophy, fibre-type switching, and loss of ability to transition between lipid and glucose as energy source (metabolic inflexibility), was investigated by hind-limb suspension (HLS) treatment of Male ICR mice (28-32 g body wt; Harlan, Indianapolis, IN). Agilent Whole Mouse Genome Oligo Microarrays were utilised to examine the effects of HLS on mRNA expression profiles of the soleus muscle and the gastrocnemius muscle in the hindlimbs of freely ambulating control and 24h HLS treated mice.", "release_date": "2008-12-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-227/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Hindlimb Unloading", "Tissue" ], "types": [ "Hindlimb Suspension", "tissue" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Fei Ling Lim" ], "publication_title": "Muscle unloading-induced metabolic remodeling is associated with acute alterations in PPARdelta and UCP-3 expression" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-228", "osd_num": 228, "identifiers": "GLDS-228", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-228", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/228", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/228" } }, "overview": { "title": "Hindlimb suspension and reloading study", "description": "Analysis of effect of hindlimb suspension and reloading on C57Bl/6 mouse soleus muscle. Experimental groups examined: -Control mice, 14 days -Hindlimb suspension for 7 days -Hindlimb suspension for 7 days, and subsequent reloading for 1 day -Hindlimb suspension for 7 days, and subsequent reloading for 7 days", "release_date": "2004-09-30", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-228/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Soleus" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Hindlimb Unloading", "Hindlimb Reloading Duration" ], "types": [ "Hindlimb Suspension", "Hindlimb Reloading Duration" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Christoph Däpp" ], "publication_title": "Transcriptional reprogramming and ultrastructure during atrophy and recovery of mouse soleus muscle Transcriptional profiling of tissue plasticity: role of shifts in gene expression and technical limitations" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-232", "osd_num": 232, "identifiers": "GLDS-232", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-232", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/232", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/232" } }, "overview": { "title": "The response of murine cartilages to 30 days of microgravity", "description": "Articular and sterno-costal cartilages were isolated from skeletally-mature mice flown for 30 days on the BION-M1 mission. Samples were characterized histologically for proteoglycan loss and at the gene expression levels using Affymetrix gene arrays.", "release_date": "2019-05-03", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/genelab/img/GLDS232__study_image.png" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Tissue" ], "types": [ "Tissue", "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "BION-M1" ], "flight_programs": [ "Soyuz" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Jamie Fitzgerald" ], "publication_title": "Articular cartilage and sternal fibrocartilage respond differently to extended microgravity" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-233", "osd_num": 233, "identifiers": "GLDS-233", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-233", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/233", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/233" } }, "overview": { "title": "International Space Station conditions alter genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics in Aspergillus nidulans", "description": "The first global genomic, proteomic, and secondary metabolomic characterization of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans following growth onboard the International Space Station (ISS) is reported. The investigation included the A. nidulans wild-type and three mutant strains, two of which were genetically engineered to enhance secondary metabolite production. Whole genome sequencing revealed that ISS conditions altered the A. nidulans genome in specific regions. In strain CW12001, which features overexpression of the secondary metabolite global regulator laeA, ISS conditions induced the loss of the laeA stop codon. Differential expression of proteins involved in stress response, carbohydrate metabolic processes, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis was also observed. ISS conditions significantly decreased prenyl xanthone production in the wild-type strain and increased asperthecin production in LO1362 and CW12001, which are deficient in a major DNA repair mechanism. These data provide valuable insights into the adaptation mechanism of A. nidulans to spacecraft environments.", "release_date": "2018-09-17", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-233/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Aspergillus nidulans" ], "material_types": [ "mycelia" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "nucleotide sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "genome sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Strain", "Growth Time" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "strain", "timepoint" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-8" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)", "people": [ "Kasthuri Venkateswaran" ], "publication_title": "International Space Station conditions alter genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics in Aspergillus nidulans" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-235", "osd_num": 235, "identifiers": "GLDS-235", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-235", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/235", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/235" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptomic analysis of liver from mice subjected to simulated spaceflight euthanasia, freezing, and tissue preservation protocols", "description": "To understand the molecular mechanisms affected by spaceflight, it is essential to achieve high quality sample preservation on-orbit for downstream gene expression analysis. However, sample preservation protocols must also be compatible with available equipment and crew time. NASA's Rodent Research (RR) missions have used various methods for euthanasia, carcass preservation, and tissue preservation. This study extends the sample preservation study performed by GeneLab in GLDS-49 which examined conditions used for the RR-1 mission to include conditions used for multiple RR missions and is designed to help determine factors which may confound data analysis. To determine whether these various factors affect changes in gene expression, this ground-based study generated gene expression profiles measured by RNAseq from the livers of 20-21 week-old female C57BL/6J mice. Multiple, interacting factors were investigated: 1) To understand how euthanasia protocols affect gene expression when mouse carcasses are slow frozen, mice were euthanized by either euthasol injection, ketamine/xylazine injection, or CO2 inhalation, and carcasses slow frozen on dry-ice mimicking carcass preservation in the MELFI on the ISS. Carcasses were thawed and RNA extracted from livers; 2) To understand how carcass preservation protocols affect gene expression, mice were euthanized with euthasol and carcasses preserved by flash freezing in liquid nitrogen, slow freezing on dry ice, or immersion in RNAlater following three-way segmentation. Carcasses were thawed and RNA extracted from livers; 3) To understand how tissue preservation protocols affect gene expression, mice were euthanized with euthasol and livers dissected and processed immediately, or preserved by flash freezing in liquid nitrogen, slow freezing on dry ice, or immersion in RNAlater. Liver samples that were processed immediately were homogenized in RLT buffer and then either immediately further processed for RNA extraction or were stored for 70 days at -80C post-homogenization in sample RLT buffer prior to RNA extraction.", "release_date": "2019-06-10", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-235/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Left Lobe of the Liver" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NovaSeq 6000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Euthanasia Method", "Tissue Preservation Method", "Carcass Preservation Method", "Dissection Condition", "Tissue Homogenate Preservation Time at -80C in RLT Buffer" ], "types": [ "Euthanasia", "Animal", "Tissue Preservation", "Carcass Preservation", "Dissection Condition", "Tissue homogenate preservation time at -80C in RLT buffer" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Jonathan San-Huei Alec Amanda Homer Nicholas Alexis Jihan Valery Marie Samrawit Sigrid Shayoni Yi-Chun Sylvain M M W B T G V Galazka Lai Polo Vallota-Eastman Saravia-Butler Fogle Bense Torres Yehia Boyko Dinh Gebre Reinsch Ray Chen Costes" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-236", "osd_num": 236, "identifiers": "GLDS-236", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-236", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/236", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/236" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptomic analysis of quadriceps from mice subjected to simulated spaceflight euthanasia, freezing, and tissue preservation protocols", "description": "To understand the molecular mechanisms affected by spaceflight, it is essential to achieve high quality sample preservation on-orbit for downstream gene expression analysis. However, sample preservation protocols must also be compatible with available equipment and crew time. NASA's Rodent Research (RR) missions have used various methods for euthanasia, carcass preservation, and tissue preservation. This study extends the sample preservation study performed by GeneLab in GLDS-49 which examined conditions used for the RR-1 mission to include conditions used for multiple RR missions and is designed to help determine factors which may confound data analysis. To determine whether these various factors affect changes in gene expression, this ground-based study generated gene expression profiles measured by RNAseq from the quadriceps of 20-21 week-old female C57BL/6J mice. Multiple, interacting factors were investigated: 1) To understand how euthanasia protocols affect gene expression when mouse carcasses are slow frozen, mice were euthanized by either euthasol injection, ketamine/xylazine injection, or CO2 inhalation, and carcasses slow frozen on dry-ice mimicking carcass preservation in the MELFI on the ISS. Carcasses were thawed and RNA extracted from quadriceps; 2) To understand how carcass preservation protocols affect gene expression, mice were euthanized with euthasol and carcasses preserved by flash freezing in liquid nitrogen, slow freezing on dry ice, or immersion in RNAlater following three-way segmentation. Carcasses were thawed and RNA extracted from quadriceps; 3) To understand how tissue preservation protocols affect gene expression, mice were euthanized with euthasol and quadriceps immediately dissected and preserved by flash freezing in liquid nitrogen, slow freezing on dry ice, or immersion in RNAlater.", "release_date": "2019-06-19", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/genelab/img/GLDS236__study_image.png" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Left quadriceps femoris" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NovaSeq 6000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Euthanasia Method", "Tissue Preservation Method", "Carcass Preservation Method", "Dissection Condition" ], "types": [ "Euthanasia", "Animal", "Tissue Preservation", "Carcass Preservation", "Dissection Condition" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan San-Huei Amanda Homer Nicholas Valery Marie Samrawit Sigrid Shayoni Yi-Chun Sylvain M M W B T G V Galazka Lai Polo Saravia-Butler Fogle Bense Boyko Dinh Gebre Reinsch Ray Chen Costes" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-237", "osd_num": 237, "identifiers": "GLDS-237", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-237", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/237", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/237" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptomic analysis of skin from mice subjected to chronic low-dose radiation, hindlimb unloading or a combination of both", "description": "The purpose of this study was to evaluate transcriptional changes in mouse skin using a ground-based model for spaceflight. This model includes prolonged unloading and low-dose irradiation. Low-dose-rate gamma-radiation was delivered to 6-month old female C57BL/6J mice using 57Co plates (0.04 Gy) to simulate the radiation environment of spaceflight. Anti-orthostatic tail suspension was used to model the unloading, fluid shift, and physiological stress aspects of the microgravity component of spaceflight. Mice were hindlimb suspended and/or irradiated for 21 days. Mice were euthanized and dorsal skin was collected 7 days following treatment. RNA sequencing data was generated to assess transcriptional changes in these skin samples.", "release_date": "2019-06-25", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-237/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "dorsal skin" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NovaSeq 6000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Hindlimb Unloading" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "Hindlimb Suspension" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Jonathan Xiao San-Huei Alec Amanda Homer Alexis Jihan Nicholas Marie Valery Sylvain Samrawit M W M W T V G Galazka Mao Lai Polo Vallota-Eastman Saravia-Butler Fogle Torres Yehia Bense Dinh Boyko Costes Gebre" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-238", "osd_num": 238, "identifiers": "GLDS-238", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-238", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/238", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/238" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptomic analysis of dorsal skin from mice flown on the MHU-2 mission", "description": "The JAXA MHU-2 mission had two objectives: 1) To increase understanding of effects of spaceflight on the gut environment (microbiota and metabolites) and immune system, using multi-omics based analysis; 2) To evaluate whether fructo-oligosaccharides added to the diet as prebiotics improve the gut environment and immune function during spaceflight. Twelve 16-18 week old male C57BL/6J mice were singly housed in the JAXA Habitat Cage Units (HCUs)less than on the ISS for 30 days. Six flight mice were housed in microgravity, while six were exposed to simulated 1g by centrifugation. These two flight groups were further divided in half so that three mice in each group received standard JAXA chow, while the other three were fed chow supplemented with fructooligosaccharides (FOS). Mice were returned live and euthanized and dissected less than 1 day after splashdown. Ground controls (n equals 6) were asynchronous and housed in HCUs. Vivarium controls (n equals 6) were asynchronous and housed in standard habitats. Three ground control and three vivarium animals received standard chow, while the other three each ground control and vivarium animals received FOS-supplemented chow. Ground and vivarium samples were dissected by a separate dissection team than flight samples. Dorsal skin was dissected 30 minutes after euthanasia and snap frozen in liquid nitrogen. Total RNA was extracted and sequenced at a target depth of 60 M clusters per sample (ribodepleted, paired end 150). Study Factor Levels: 1)Spaceflight, ug, Std. Chow: 3; 2)Spaceflight, ug, FOS: 3; 3) Spaceflight, Artificial 1g, Std. Chow: 3; 4)Spaceflight, Artificial 1g, FOS: 3; 5)Ground, 1g, Std. Chow: 3; 6)Ground, 1g, FOS: 3; 7)Vivarium, 1g, Std. Chow: 3; 8)Vivarium, 1g, FOS: 3.", "release_date": "2019-07-29", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-238/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "dorsal skin" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NovaSeq 6000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Diet", "Altered Gravity" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Diet", "Gravity", "Altered" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-12" ], "flight_programs": [ "ISS" ], "space_programs": [ "JAXA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Hiroshi Jonathan San-Huei Alec Amanda Homer Alexis Jihan Valery Marie Sylvain Samrawit M M W T V G Ohno Galazka Lai Polo Vallota-Eastman Saravia-Butler Fogle Torres Yehia Boyko Dinh Costes Gebre" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-239", "osd_num": 239, "identifiers": "GLDS-239", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-239", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/239", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/239" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptomic analysis of femoral skin from mice flown on the MHU-2 mission", "description": "The JAXA MHU-2 mission had two objectives: 1) To increase understanding of effects of spaceflight on the gut environment (microbiota and metabolites) and immune system, using multi-omics based analysis; 2) To evaluate whether fructo-oligosaccharides added to the diet as prebiotics improve the gut environment and immune function during spaceflight. Twelve 16-18 week old male C57BL/6J mice were singly housed in the JAXA Habitat Cage Units (HCUs) on the ISS for 30 days. Six flight mice were housed in microgravity, while six were exposed to simulated 1g by centrifugation. These two flight groups were further divided in half so that three mice in each group received standard JAXA chow, while the other three were fed chow supplemented with fructooligosaccharides (FOS). Mice were returned live and euthanized and dissected less than 1 day after splashdown. Ground controls (n equals 6) were asynchronous and housed in HCUs. Vivarium controls (n equals 6) were asynchronous and housed in standard habitats. Three ground control and three vivarium animals received standard chow, while the other three each ground control and vivarium animals received FOS-supplemented chow. Ground and vivarium samples were dissected by a separate dissection team than flight samples. Femoral skin was dissected 30 minutes after euthanasia and snap frozen in liquid nitrogen. Total RNA was extracted and sequenced at a target depth of 60 M clusters per sample (ribodepleted, paired end 150). Study Factor Levels: 1)Spaceflight, ug, Std. Chow: 3; 2)Spaceflight, ug, FOS: 3; 3) Spaceflight, Artificial 1g, Std. Chow: 3; 4)Spaceflight, Artificial 1g, FOS: 3; 5)Ground, 1g, Std. Chow: 3; 6)Ground, 1g, FOS: 3; 7)Vivarium, 1g, Std. Chow: 3; 8)Vivarium, 1g, FOS: 3", "release_date": "2019-07-29", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-239/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "femoral skin" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NovaSeq 6000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Diet", "Altered Gravity" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Diet", "Gravity", "Altered" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-12" ], "flight_programs": [ "ISS" ], "space_programs": [ "JAXA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Hiroshi Jonathan San-Huei Alec Amanda Homer Alexis Jihan Valery Marie Sylvain Samrawit M M W T V G Ohno Galazka Lai Polo Vallota-Eastman Saravia-Butler Fogle Torres Yehia Boyko Dinh Costes Gebre" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-240", "osd_num": 240, "identifiers": "GLDS-240", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-240", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/240", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/240" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional analysis of dorsal skin from mice flown on the RR-5 mission", "description": "The objective of the Rodent Research-5 (RR-5) study was to evaluate bone loss in mice during spaceflight and to determine if treatment with a modified version of NEL-like molecule-1 (NELL-1) can reduce or prevent bone loss that would otherwise occur during spaceflight. To this end, a cohort of forty 30-weeks-old female BALB/cAnNTac mice were flown to the ISS and housed in the Rodent Habitat. Six days after launch half of the mice were treated with NELL-1 (10 mg/kg in 0.3 ml PBS), while the other half were treated with vehicle control (0.3 mls PBS). Fourteen days after launch animals were again treated with NELL-1 or vehicle control as before, except that all animals were also injected with the bone marker, calcein green (20 mg/kg in 0.1 ml). Injections of vehicle, NELL-1, and bone markers were intraperitoneal. After all forty mice on orbit received two treatments; ten control mice and ten experimental mice were randomly selected for live animal return (LAR). At approximately 30 days after launch the twenty LAR mice were transported live back to Earth. Animals were allowed to recover for 30 days in standard habitats before euthanasia via intraperitoneal injection with ketamine/xylazine. During the recovery, the animals received another two treatments. GeneLab received RNA later preserved dorsal skin from ten live animal return and ten matching ground control mice. These were from the vehicle control animals only. RNA was extracted, libraries generated (stranded, ribodepleted) and sequenced (target 60 M clusters at PE 150 bp).", "release_date": "2019-08-12", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-240/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "dorsal skin" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NovaSeq 6000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-11" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "NASA Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan Chia San-Huei Alec Amanda Homer Alexis Jihan Nicholas Valery Marie Sylvain Samrawit M M W T V G Galazka Soo Lai Polo Vallota-Eastman Saravia-Butler Fogle Torres Yehia Bense Boyko Dinh Costes Gebre" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-241", "osd_num": 241, "identifiers": "GLDS-241", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-241", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/241", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/241" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional analysis of femoral skin from mice flown on the RR-5 mission", "description": "The objective of the Rodent Research-5 (RR-5) study was to evaluate bone loss in mice during spaceflight and to determine if treatment with a modified version of NEL-like molecule-1 (NELL-1) can reduce or prevent bone loss that would otherwise occur during spaceflight. To this end, a cohort of forty 30-weeks-old female BALB/cAnNTac mice were flown to the ISS and housed in the Rodent Habitat. Six days after launch half of the mice were treated with NELL-1 (10 mg/kg in 0.3 ml PBS), while the other half were treated with vehicle control (0.3 ml PBS). Fourteen days after launch animals were again treated with NELL-1 or vehicle control as before, except that all animals were also injected with the bone marker, calcein green (20 mg/kg in 0.1 ml). Injections of vehicle, NELL-1, and bone markers were intraperitoneal. After all forty mice on orbit received two treatments; ten control mice and ten experimental mice were randomly selected for live animal return (LAR). At approximately 30 days after launch the twenty LAR mice were transported live back to Earth. Animals were allowed to recover for 30 days in standard habitats before euthanasia via intraperitoneal injection with ketamine/xylazine. During the recovery, the animals received another two treatments. GeneLab received RNA later preserved femoral skin from nine live animal return and ten matching ground control mice. These were from the vehicle control animals only. RNA was extracted, libraries generated (stranded, ribodepleted) and sequenced (target 60 M clusters at PE 150 bp).", "release_date": "2019-08-12", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-241/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "femoral lateral skin" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NovaSeq 6000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-11" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "NASA Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan Chia San-Huei Amanda Homer Nicholas Valery Marie Sylvain Samrawit Alexis Jihan Alec M M W T V G Galazka Soo Lai Polo Saravia-Butler Fogle Bense Boyko Dinh Costes Gebre Torres Yehia Vallota-Eastman" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-242", "osd_num": 242, "identifiers": "GLDS-242", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-242", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/242", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/242" } }, "overview": { "title": "Effect of spaceflight on liver from mice flown on the ISS for 33 days: transcriptional analysis", "description": "The objective of the Rodent Research-9 (RR-9) mission was to use mice to understand the molecular basis of phenomena that affect astronauts during long-duration spaceflight, particularly visual impairment and joint tissue degradation. To this end, a flight group (FLT) of 10 week-old male C57BL/6J mice were launched from Kennedy Space Center (KSC) on 8/14/2017 and housed in Rodent Habitats on the ISS for 33 days before being returned alive to Earth. After splashdown in the Pacific Ocean, the animals were transported to Loma Linda University (LLU) for testing, euthanasia and dissection on 9/18/2018. A Basal Control (BSL) was housed in standard cages at Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and euthanized one day after launch of the FLT animals (8/15/2017). Ground Control (GC) and Vivarium Control (VIV) studies were planned to commence at KSC approximately one-week after the conclusion of the flight experiments. However, all the GC and VIV mouse studies at KSC had to be cancelled due to Hurricane Irma and potential adverse effects on the animal housing facility. The GC and VIV studies were therefore rescheduled and begun in May, 2018. The GC was euthanized and dissected 6/18/2018 - 6/20/2018, while the VIV was euthanized and dissected 6/22/2018 - 6/23/2018. Because this resulted in a different cohort of mice being used for the GC and VIV controls as compared to the flight (FLT) and basal (BSL) groups, two cohort controls were included in the study. The first, Cohort Control 1 (CC_C1), was from the same cohort as the FLT and BSL animals, and was sacrificed and dissected 4 days after the FLT group (9/22/2017). The second, Cohort Control 2 (CC_C2), was from the same cohort as the GC and VIV animals, and was sacrificed and dissected 2-8 days after the GC and VIV groups, (6/24/2018 - 6/26/2018). The CC_C1 and CC_C2 groups were housed in standard cages and fed standard chow in contrast to all other groups which received Rodent Foodbars. To clarify the connections between treatment groups and animal cohorts, the following group abbreviations are used in the sample metadata: Flight (FLT_C1); Basal (BSL_C1); Ground Control (GC_C2); Vivarium Control (VIV_C2), Cohort Control 1 (CC_C1); Cohort Control 2 (CC_C2). Upon dissection, livers were preserved in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 C before RNA was extracted, libraries generated (stranded, ribodepleted) and sequenced (target 60 M clusters at PE 150 bp).", "release_date": "2019-07-29", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-242/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Liver" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NovaSeq 6000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-12" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "NASA Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan San-Huei Alec Amanda Homer Nicholas Alexis Jihan Yi-Chun Shyamli Marie Sylvain Samrawit M M W T V G Galazka Lai Polo Vallota-Eastman Saravia-Butler Fogle Bense Torres Yehia Chen Narang Dinh Costes Gebre" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-243", "osd_num": 243, "identifiers": "GLDS-243", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-243", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/243", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/243" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional analysis of dorsal skin from mice flown on the RR-6 mission", "description": "The objective of the Rodent Research-6 (RR-6) study was to evaluate muscle atrophy in mice during spaceflight and to test the efficacy of a novel therapeutic to mitigate muscle wasting. The experiment involved an implantable subcutaneous nanochannel delivery system (nDS; between scapula), which delivered the drug formoterol (FMT; a selective Beta-2 adrenoceptor agonist), over the course of time. To this end, a cohort of forty 32-weeks-old female C57BL/6NTac mice were either sham operated. or implanted with vehicle or treatment-filled nDS, and launched in two Transporters (20 mice per Transporter) on SpaceX-13 on December 15, 2017. They were transferred to Rodent Habitats onboard the International Space Station (ISS), and maintained in microgravity for 29 days (N equals to 20, Live Animal Return [LAR]), or greater than 50 days (N equals to20, ISS Terminal). After 29 days, the 20 LAR animals were returned live to back to Earth on January 13, 2018. After splashdown, the animals were ambulatory on-ground for ~4 days, until all subjects were processed during one day of dissections. There were two Baseline groups of animals sacrificed (LAR Baseline and FLT Baseline; N equals to 20; 40 animals; ~36 weeks old) at Kennedy Space Center (KSC; 12/9/17). A Ground Control group mimicked the Flight LAR group, which was housed at KSC, then shipped alive, to Novartis' facilities, where both the LAR and LAR Ground Control groups were processed (~41 weeks old; 1/16/18). All were anesthetized with isoflurane, blood samples were obtained by closed-chest cardiac puncture, and the animals were euthanized by exsanguination and thoracotomy. The 20 ISS Terminal mice were anesthetized via intraperitoneal injection of ketamine/xylazine/acepromazine over the course of a four days of dissections (2/6/18 until 2/9/18; 53-56 days after launch; 44 weeks old at time of on-orbit dissections). Blood samples and euthanasia were conducted the same as LAR and Baseline. Following blood draw and hind limb dissection, the ISS-terminal animal carcasses were wrapped in aluminum foil, placed in a ziploc bag and placed in storage at -80C or colder until return. The ISS-terminal Ground Controls (at KSC) followed the same euthanasia timeline, methods, and preservation. The final processing of frozen ISS-terminal, frozen ISS-terminal Ground Controls and frozen 0-day FLT baseline animals were completed at Houston Methodist Research Institute, in Houston, TX (5/21/18 until 5/24/18). GeneLab received samples of dorsal skin from only sham treated animals (no drug treated animals) from the following groups Flight: LAR (n equals to 9), ISS Terminal (n equals to 9); Ground Controls: LAR GC (N equals to 9), ISS Terminal GC (N equals to 10), LAR Baseline (n equals to 10), ISS Terminal Baseline (n equals to 6). Total RNA was extracted and sequenced at a target depth of 60 M clusters per sample (ribodepleted, paired end 150).", "release_date": "2019-08-26", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-243/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "dorsal skin" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NovaSeq 6000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Duration", "Dissection Condition", "Euthanasia Location" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "duration", "dissection", "Euthanasia Location" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-13" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "NASA Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan San-Huei Alec Amanda Homer Nicholas Alexis Jihan Valery Marie Yi-Chun Sylvain Samrawit M M W T V G Galazka Lai Polo Vallota-Eastman Saravia-Butler Fogle Bense Torres Yehia Boyko Dinh Chen Costes Gebre" ], "publication_title": "Counteracting Muscle Atrophy on Earth and in Space via Nanofluidics Delivery of Formoterol" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-244", "osd_num": 244, "identifiers": "GLDS-244", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-244", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/244", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/244" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional analysis of thymus from mice flown on the RR-6 Mission", "description": "The objective of the Rodent Research-6 (RR-6) study was to evaluate muscle atrophy in mice during spaceflight and to test the efficacy of a novel therapeutic to mitigate muscle wasting. The experiment involved an implantable subcutaneous nanochannel delivery system (nDS; between scapula), which delivered the drug formoterol (FMT; a selective Beta-2 adrenoceptor agonist), over the course of time. To this end, a cohort of forty 32-weeks-old female C57BL/6NTac mice were either sham operated or implanted with vehicle or treatment-filled nDS, and launched in two Transporters (20 mice per Transporter) on SpaceX-13 on December 15, 2017. They were transferred to Rodent Habitats onboard the International Space Station (ISS), and maintained in microgravity for 29 days (N=20, Live Animal Return [LAR]), or >50 days (N=20, ISS Terminal). After 29 days, the 20 LAR animals were returned live to back to Earth on January 13, 2018. After splashdown, the animals were ambulatory on-ground for ~4 days, until all subjects were processed during one day of dissections. There were two Baseline groups of animals sacrificed (LAR Baseline & FLT Baseline; N=20; 40 animals; ~36 weeks old) at Kennedy Space Center (KSC; 12/9/17). A Ground Control group mimicked the Flight LAR group, which was housed at KSC, then shipped alive, to Novartis' facilities, where both the LAR and LAR Ground Control groups were processed (~41 weeks old; 1/16/18). All were anesthetized with isoflurane, blood samples were obtained by closed-chest cardiac puncture, and the animals were euthanized by exsanguination and thoracotomy. The 20 ISS Terminal mice were anesthetized via intraperitoneal injection of ketamine/xylazine/acepromazine over the course of a four days of dissections (2/6/18 until 2/9/18; 53-56 days after launch; 44 weeks old at time of on-orbit dissections). Blood samples and euthanasia were conducted the same as LAR and Baseline. Following blood draw and hind limb dissection, the ISS-terminal animal carcasses were wrapped in aluminum foil, placed in a ziploc bag and placed in storage at -80C or colder until return. The ISS-terminal Ground Controls (at KSC) followed the same euthanasia timeline, methods, and preservation. The final processing of frozen ISS-terminal, frozen ISS-terminal Ground Controls and frozen 0-day FLT baseline animals were completed at Houston Methodist Research Institute, in Houston, TX (5/21/18 until 5/24/18). GeneLab received samples of thymus from only sham treated animals (no drug treated animals) from the following groups Flight: LAR (n=9), ISS Terminal (n=10); Ground Controls: LAR GC (N=9), ISS Terminal GC (N=10), LAR Baseline (n=10) ISS Terminal Baseline (n=9). Total RNA was extracted and sequenced at a target depth of 60 M clusters per sample (ribodepleted, paired end 150).", "release_date": "2019-08-26", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-244/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Thymus" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NovaSeq 6000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Duration", "Dissection Condition", "Euthanasia Location" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "duration", "dissection", "Euthanasia Location" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-13" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "NASA Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan San-Huei Amanda Homer Nicholas Valery Marie Yi-Chun Sylvain Samrawit M M W T V G Galazka Lai Polo Saravia-Butler Fogle Bense Boyko Dinh Chen Costes Gebre" ], "publication_title": "Counteracting Muscle Atrophy on Earth and in Space via Nanofluidics Delivery of Formoterol" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-245", "osd_num": 245, "identifiers": "GLDS-245", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-245", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/245", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/245" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional analysis of liver from mice flown on the RR-6 mission", "description": "The objective of the Rodent Research-6 (RR-6) study was to evaluate muscle atrophy in mice during spaceflight and to test the efficacy of a novel therapeutic to mitigate muscle wasting. The experiment involved an implantable subcutaneous nanochannel delivery system (nDS; between scapula), which delivered the drug formoterol (FMT; a selective Beta-2 adrenoceptor agonist), over the course of time. To this end, a cohort of forty 32-weeks-old female C57BL/6NTac mice were either sham operated or implanted with vehicle or treatment-filled nDS, launched in two Transporters (20 mice per Transporter) on SpaceX-13 on December 15, 2017. They were transferred to Rodent Habitats onboard the International Space Station (ISS), and maintained in microgravity for 29 days (N equals 20, Live Animal Return [LAR]), or greater than 50 days (N equals 20, ISS Terminal). After 29 days, the 20 LAR animals were returned live to back to Earth on January 13, 2018,. After splashdown, the animals were ambulatory on-ground for ~4 days, until all subjects were processed during one day of dissections. There were two Baseline groups of animals sacrificed (LAR Baseline and FLT Baseline; N equals 20; 40 animals; ~36 weeks old) at Kennedy Space Center (KSC; 12/9/17). A Ground Control group mimicked the Flight LAR group, which was housed at KSC, then shipped alive to Novartis' Facilities, where both the LAR and LAR Ground Control groups were processed (~41 weeks old; 1/16/18). All were anesthetized with isoflurane, blood samples were obtained by closed-chest cardiac puncture, and the animals were euthanized by exsanguination and thoracotomy. The 20 ISS Terminal mice were anesthetized via intraperitoneal injection of ketamine/xylazine/acepromazine over the course of a four days of dissections (2/6/18 until 2/9/18; 53-56 days after launch; 44 weeks old at time of on-orbit dissections). Blood samples and euthanasia were conducted the same as LAR and Baseline. Following blood draw and hind limb dissection, the ISS-terminal animal carcasses were wrapped in aluminum foil, placed in a ziploc bag and placed in storage at -80C or colder until return. The ISS-terminal Ground Controls (at KSC) followed the same euthanasia timeline, methods, and preservation. The final processing of frozen ISS-terminal, frozen ISS-terminal Ground Controls and frozen 0-day FLT baseline animals were completed at Houston Methodist Research Institute, in Houston, TX (5/21/18 until 5/24/18). GeneLab received samples of liver from only sham treated animals (no drug treated animals) from the following groups Flight: LAR (N equals 10), ISS Terminal (N equals 10); Ground Controls: LAR GC (N equals 9), ISS Terminal GC (N equals 10), LAR Baseline (N equals 10) ISS Terminal Baseline (N equals 10). Total RNA was extracted and sequenced at a target depth of 60 M clusters per sample (ribodepleted, paired end 150).", "release_date": "2019-09-06", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-245/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Liver" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NovaSeq 6000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Duration", "Dissection Condition", "Euthanasia Location" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "duration", "dissection", "Euthanasia Location" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-13" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "NASA Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan San-Huei Kristen Amanda Homer Nicholas Alexis Jihan Valery Marie Yi-Chun Sylvain Samrawit M M W T V G Galazka Lai Polo Peach Saravia-Butler Fogle Bense Torres Yehia Boyko Dinh Chen Costes Gebre" ], "publication_title": "Counteracting Muscle Atrophy on Earth and in Space via Nanofluidics Delivery of Formoterol" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-246", "osd_num": 246, "identifiers": "GLDS-246", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-246", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/246", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/246" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional analysis of spleen from mice flown on the RR-6 mission", "description": "The objective of the Rodent Research-6 (RR-6) study was to evaluate muscle atrophy in mice during spaceflight and to test the efficacy of a novel therapeutic to mitigate muscle wasting. The experiment involved an implantable subcutaneous nanochannel delivery system (nDS; between scapula), which delivered the drug formoterol (FMT; a selective Beta-2 adrenoceptor agonist), over the course of time. To this end, a cohort of forty 32-weeks-old female C57BL/6NTac mice were either sham operated or implanted with vehicle or treatment-filled nDS, launched in two Transporters (20 mice per Transporter) on SpaceX-13 on December 15, 2017. They were transferred to Rodent Habitats onboard the International Space Station (ISS), and maintained in microgravity for 29 days (N of 20, Live Animal Return [LAR]), or >50 days (N of 20, ISS Terminal). After 29 days, the 20 LAR animals were returned live to back to Earth on January 13, 2018,. After splashdown, the animals were ambulatory on-ground for ~4 days, until all subjects were processed during one day of dissections. There were two Baseline groups of animals sacrificed (LAR Baseline & FLT Baseline; N of 20; 40 animals; ~36 weeks old) at Kennedy Space Center (KSC; 12/9/17). A Ground Control group mimicked the Flight LAR group, which was housed at KSC, then shipped alive, to Novartis' Facilities, where both the LAR and LAR Ground Control groups were processed (~41 weeks old; 1/16/18). All were anesthetized with isoflurane, blood samples were obtained by closed-chest cardiac puncture, and the animals were euthanized by exsanguination and thoracotomy. The 20 ISS Terminal mice were anesthetized via intraperitoneal injection of ketamine/xylazine/acepromazine over the course of a four days of dissections (2/6/18 until 2/9/18; 53-56 days after launch; 44 weeks old at time of on-orbit dissections). Blood samples and euthanasia were conducted the same as LAR and Baseline. Following blood draw and hind limb dissection, the ISS-terminal animal carcasses were wrapped in aluminum foil, placed in a ziploc bag and placed in storage at -80C or colder until return. The ISS-terminal Ground Controls (at KSC) followed the same euthanasia timeline, methods, and preservation. The final processing of frozen ISS-terminal, frozen ISS-terminal Ground Controls and frozen 0-day FLT baseline animals were completed at Houston Methodist Research Institute, in Houston, TX (5/21/18 until 5/24/18). This study features data from only sham treated animals (no drug treated animals) from the following groups Flight: LAR (N of 8), ISS Terminal (N of 7); Ground Controls: LAR (N of 9), ISS Terminal (N of 7); Baseline: LAR (N of 10), ISS Terminal (N of 3). Total RNA was extracted and sequenced at a target depth of 60 M clusters per sample (ribodepleted, paired end 150).", "release_date": "2019-09-06", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-246/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Spleen" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Duration", "Dissection Condition", "Euthanasia Location" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "duration", "dissection", "Euthanasia Location" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-13" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "NASA Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan San-Huei Amanda Homer Nicholas Marie Valery Yi-Chun Sylvain Samrawit M M W T V G Galazka Lai Polo Saravia-Butler Fogle Bense Dinh Boyko Chen Costes Gebre" ], "publication_title": "Counteracting Muscle Atrophy on Earth and in Space via Nanofluidics Delivery of Formoterol" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-247", "osd_num": 247, "identifiers": "GLDS-247", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-247", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/247", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/247" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional analysis of colon from mice flown on the RR-6 mission", "description": "The objective of the Rodent Research-6 (RR-6) study was to evaluate muscle atrophy in mice during spaceflight and to test the efficacy of a novel therapeutic to mitigate muscle wasting. The experiment involved an implantable subcutaneous nanochannel delivery system (nDS; between scapula), which delivered the drug formoterol (FMT; a selective Beta-2 adrenoceptor agonist), over the course of time. To this end, a cohort of forty 32-weeks-old female C57BL/6NTac mice were either sham operated or implanted with vehicle or treatment-filled nDS, launched in two Transporters (20 mice per Transporter) on SpaceX-13 on December 15, 2017. They were transferred to Rodent Habitats onboard the International Space Station (ISS), and maintained in microgravity for 29 days (N equals 20, Live Animal Return [LAR]), or greater than 50 days (N equals 20, ISS Terminal). After 29 days, the 20 LAR animals were returned live to back to Earth on January 13, 2018,. After splashdown, the animals were ambulatory on-ground for ~4 days, until all subjects were processed during one day of dissections. There were two Baseline groups of animals sacrificed (LAR Baseline and FLT Baseline; N equals 20; 40 animals; ~36 weeks old) at Kennedy Space Center (KSC; 12/9/17). A Ground Control group mimicked the Flight LAR group, which was housed at KSC, then shipped alive, to Novartis' Facilities, where both the LAR and LAR Ground Control groups were processed (~41 weeks old; 1/16/18). All were anesthetized with isoflurane, blood samples were obtained by closed-chest cardiac puncture, and the animals were euthanized by exsanguination and thoracotomy. The 20 ISS Terminal mice were anesthetized via intraperitoneal injection of ketamine/xylazine/acepromazine over the course of a four days of dissections (2/6/18 until 2/9/18; 53-56 days after launch; 44 weeks old at time of on-orbit dissections). Blood samples and euthanasia were conducted the same as LAR and Baseline. Following blood draw and hind limb dissection, the ISS-terminal animal carcasses were wrapped in aluminum foil, placed in a ziploc bag and placed in storage at -80C or colder until return. The ISS-terminal Ground Controls (at KSC) followed the same euthanasia timeline, methods, and preservation. The final processing of frozen ISS-terminal, frozen ISS-terminal Ground Controls and frozen 0-day FLT baseline animals were completed at Houston Methodist Research Institute, in Houston, TX (5/21/18 until 5/24/18). GeneLab received samples of colon from only sham treated animals (no drug treated animals) from the following groups Flight: LAR (N equals 10), ISS Terminal (N equals 9); Ground Controls: LAR GC (N equals 8), ISS Terminal GC (N equals 9), LAR Baseline (N equals 9) ISS Terminal Baseline (n equals 9). Total RNA was extracted and sequenced at a target depth of 60 M clusters per sample (ribodepleted, paired end 150).", "release_date": "2019-08-30", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-247/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "descending colon" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NovaSeq 6000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Duration", "Dissection Condition", "Euthanasia Location" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "duration", "dissection", "Euthanasia Location" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-13" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "NASA Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan San-Huei Alec Amanda Homer Nichloas Alexis Jihan Marie Valery Sylvain Samrawit M M W T V G Galazka Lai Polo Vallota-Eastman Saravia-Butler Fogle Bense Torres Yehia Dinh Boyko Costes Gebre" ], "publication_title": "Counteracting Muscle Atrophy on Earth and in Space via Nanofluidics Delivery of Formoterol" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-248", "osd_num": 248, "identifiers": "GLDS-248", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-248", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/248", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/248" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional analysis of lung from mice flown on the RR-6 mission", "description": "The objective of the Rodent Research-6 (RR-6) study was to evaluate muscle atrophy in mice during spaceflight and to test the efficacy of a novel therapeutic to mitigate muscle wasting. The experiment involved an implantable subcutaneous nanochannel delivery system (nDS; between scapula), which delivered the drug formoterol (FMT; a selective Beta-2 adrenoceptor agonist), over the course of time. To this end, a cohort of forty 32-weeks-old female C57BL/6NTac mice were either sham operated or implanted with vehicle or treatment-filled nDS, launched in two Transporters (20 mice per Transporter) on SpaceX-13 on December 15, 2017. They were transferred to Rodent Habitats onboard the International Space Station (ISS), and maintained in microgravity for 29 days (N equals 20, Live Animal Return [LAR]), or greater than 50 days (N equals 20, ISS Terminal). After 29 days, the 20 LAR animals were returned live to back to Earth on January 13, 2018,. After splashdown, the animals were ambulatory on-ground for ~4 days, until all subjects were processed during one day of dissections. There were two Baseline groups of animals sacrificed (LAR Baseline and FLT Baseline; N equals 20; 40 animals; ~36 weeks old) at Kennedy Space Center (KSC; 12/9/17). A Ground Control group mimicked the Flight LAR group, which was housed at KSC, then shipped alive, to Novartis' Facilities, where both the LAR and LAR Ground Control groups were processed (~41 weeks old; 1/16/18). All were anesthetized with isoflurane, blood samples were obtained by closed-chest cardiac puncture, and the animals were euthanized by exsanguination and thoracotomy. The 20 ISS Terminal mice were anesthetized via intraperitoneal injection of ketamine/xylazine/acepromazine over the course of a four days of dissections (2/6/18 until 2/9/18; 53-56 days after launch; 44 weeks old at time of on-orbit dissections). Blood samples and euthanasia were conducted the same as LAR and Baseline. Following blood draw and hind limb dissection, the ISS-terminal animal carcasses were wrapped in aluminum foil, placed in a ziploc bag and placed in storage at -80C or colder until return. The ISS-terminal Ground Controls (at KSC) followed the same euthanasia timeline, methods, and preservation. The final processing of frozen ISS-terminal, frozen ISS-terminal Ground Controls and frozen 0-day FLT baseline animals were completed at Houston Methodist Research Institute, in Houston, TX (5/21/18 until 5/24/18). GeneLab received samples of lung from only sham treated animals (no drug treated animals) from the following groups Flight: LAR (n equals 10), ISS Terminal (n equals 10); Ground Controls: LAR GC (N equals 9), ISS Terminal GC (N equals 10), LAR Baseline (n equals 10) ISS Terminal Baseline (n equals 9). Total RNA was extracted and sequenced at a target depth of 60 M clusters per sample (ribodepleted, paired end 150).", "release_date": "2019-08-30", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-248/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Left Lung" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NovaSeq 6000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Duration", "Dissection Condition", "Euthanasia Location" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "duration", "Dissection Condition", "Euthanasia Location" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-13" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "NASA Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan San-Huei Alec Amanda Homer Nicholas Alexis Jihan Marie Sylvain Samrawit M M W T V G Galazka Lai Polo Vallota-Eastman Saravia-Butler Fogle Bense Torres Yehia Dinh Costes Gebre" ], "publication_title": "Counteracting Muscle Atrophy on Earth and in Space via Nanofluidics Delivery of Formoterol" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-249", "osd_num": 249, "identifiers": "GLDS-249", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-249", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/249", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/249" } }, "overview": { "title": "Metagenomic analysis of feces from mice flown on the RR-6 mission", "description": "The objective of the Rodent Research-6 (RR-6) study was to evaluate muscle atrophy in mice during spaceflight and to test the efficacy of a novel therapeutic to mitigate muscle wasting. The experiment involved an implantable subcutaneous nanochannel delivery system (nDS; between scapula), which delivered the drug formoterol (FMT; a selective β2 adrenoceptor agonist), over the course of time. To this end, a cohort of forty 32-weeks-old female C57BL/6NTac mice were either sham operated or implanted with vehicle or treatment-filled nDS, launched in two Transporters (20 mice per Transporter) on SpaceX-13 on December 15, 2017. They were transferred to Rodent Habitats onboard the International Space Station (ISS), and maintained in microgravity for 29 days (N=20, Live Animal Return Spaceflight [LAR FLT]), or >50 days (N=20, ISS Terminal Spaceflight [ISS-T FLT]). After 29 days, the 20 LAR FLT animals were returned live to back to Earth on January 13, 2018. After splashdown, the animals were ambulatory on-ground for ~4 days, until all subjects were processed during one day of dissections. There were two Basal (BSL) groups of animals sacrificed (LAR BSL & ISS-T BSL; N=20; 40 animals; ~36 weeks old) at Kennedy Space Center (KSC; 12/9/17). LAR BSL animals were dissected, and samples were collected upon euthanasia. A Ground Control (GC) group, LAR GC, mimicked the LAR FLT group, which was housed at KSC, then shipped alive, to Novartis’s Facilities, where both the LAR FLT and LAR GC groups were processed (~41 weeks old; 1/16/18). All were anesthetized with isoflurane, blood samples were obtained by closed-chest cardiac puncture, and the animals were euthanized by exsanguination and thoracotomy. The 20 ISS-T FLT mice were anesthetized via intraperitoneal injection of ketamine/xylazine/acepromazine over the course of a four days of dissections (2/6/18 until 2/9/18; 53-56 days after launch; 44 weeks old at time of on-orbit dissections). Blood samples and euthanasia were conducted the same as LAR groups. Following blood draw and hind limb dissection, the ISS-T FLT animal carcasses were wrapped in aluminum foil, placed in a ziploc bag and placed in storage at -80˚C or colder until return. The ISS-T Ground Control (ISS-T GC) (at KSC) followed the same euthanasia timeline, methods, and preservation. The final processing of frozen ISS-T FLT, frozen ISS-T GC and frozen 0-day ISS-T BSL animals were completed at Houston Methodist Research Institute, in Houston, TX (5/21/18 until 5/24/18). GeneLab received feces from only sham treated animals (no drug treated animals) from the following groups. FLT: LAR (n=9), ISS-T (n=7); GC: LAR (N=7), ISS-T (N=9); BSL: LAR (n=7), ISS-T (n=9). DNA was extracted and analyzed by sequencing using a variety of different targeted and un-targeted metagenome profiling assays.", "release_date": "2019-09-27", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-249/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [ "Feces" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing", "16S and ITS", "16S" ], "measurement_types": [ "Metagenomic sequencing", "Amplicon Sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NovaSeq 6000", "Illumina Hiseq4000", "Illumina iSeq", "Illumina MiniSeq" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Duration", "Dissection Condition", "Euthanasia Location", "Ionizing Radiation" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "duration", "dissection", "Euthanasia Location", "ionizing radiation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-13" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "NASA Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan Stefan San-Huei Michael Amanda Homer Nicholas Valery Marie Yi-Chun Taylor Kevin Evan Samantha Sylvain Samrawit Tuval Michael M Joshua D M W B T J V G D Galazka Green Lai Polo Lee Saravia-Butler Fogle Bense Boyko Dinh Chen Walton Kunstman Hurowitz Waters Costes Gebre Ben Yehezkel Lee" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-250", "osd_num": 250, "identifiers": "GLDS-250", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-250", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/250", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/250" } }, "overview": { "title": "Metagenomic analysis of feces from mice flown on the RR-9 mission", "description": "The objective of the Rodent Research-9 (RR-9) mission was to use mice to understand the molecular basis of phenomena that affect astronauts during long-duration spaceflight, particularly visual impairment and joint tissue degradation. To this end, a flight group (FLT) of 10-week-old male C57BL/6J mice was launched from Kennedy Space Center (KSC) on 8/14/2017 and housed in Rodent Habitats on the ISS for 33 days before being returned alive to Earth. After splashdown in the Pacific Ocean, the animals were transported to Loma Linda University (LLU) for testing, euthanasia and dissection on 9/18/2018. A Basal Control (BSL) was housed in standard cages at Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and euthanized one day after launch of the FLT animals (8/15/2017). Ground Control (GC) and Vivarium Control (VIV) studies were planned to commence at KSC approximately one-week after the conclusion of the flight experiments. However, all the GC and VIV mouse studies at KSC had to be cancelled due to Hurricane Irma and potential adverse effects on the animal housing facility. The GC and VIV studies were therefore rescheduled and begun in May, 2018. The GC was euthanized and dissected 6/18/2018 - 6/20/2018, while the VIV was euthanized and dissected 6/22/2018 - 6/23/2018. Because this resulted in a different cohort of mice being used for the GC and VIV controls as compared to the flight (FLT) and basal (BSL) groups, two cohort controls were included in the study. The first, Cohort Control 1 (CC_C1), was from the same cohort as the FLT and BSL animals, and was sacrificed and dissected 4 days after the FLT group (9/22/2017). The second, Cohort Control 2 (CC_C2), was from the same cohort as the GC and VIV animals, and was sacrificed and dissected 2-8 days after the GC and VIV groups, (6/24/2018 - 6/26/2018). The CC_C1 and CC_C2 groups were housed in standard cages and fed standard chow in contrast to all other groups which received Rodent Foodbars. To clarify the connections between treatment groups and animal cohorts, the following group abbreviations are used in the sample metadata: Flight (FLT_C1); Basal (BSL_C1); Ground Control (GC_C2); Vivarium Control (VIV_C2), Cohort Control 1 (CC_C1); Cohort Control 2 (CC_C2). Fecal pellets were isolated directly from mice during dissection and preserved by flash freezing in liquid nitrogen before stored at -80 C. DNA was then extracted, shotgun metagenomic libraries generated, and libraries sequenced (target 10 M clusters at PE 250 bp). Metagenomic data was generated from the following groups: Basal Control (n=5), Ground Control (n=5), Vivarium Control (n=5), Cohort Control 1 (n=5), Cohort Control 2 (n=5), Flight (n=5).", "release_date": "2019-09-27", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-250/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [ "feces" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "Metagenomic sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NovaSeq 6000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-12" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "NASA Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan San-Huei Michael Amanda Nicholas Valery Marie Yi-Chun Samrawit Sylvain M D M B T G V Galazka Lai Polo Lee Saravia-Butler Bense Boyko Dinh Chen Gebre Costes" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-251", "osd_num": 251, "identifiers": "GLDS-251", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-251", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/251", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/251" } }, "overview": { "title": "RNAseq analysis of the response of Arabidopsis thaliana to fractional gravity under blue-light stimulation during spaceflight", "description": "Traveling to nearby extraterrestrial objects having a reduced gravity level (partial gravity) compared to Earth's gravity is becoming a realistic objective for space agencies. The use of plants as part of life support systems will require a better understanding of the interactions among plant growth responses including tropisms, under partial gravity conditions. Here, we present results from our latest space experiments on the ISS, in which seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana were germinated, and seedlings grew for six days under different gravity levels, namely micro-g, several intermediate partial-g levels, and 1g, and were subjected to irradiation with blue light for the last 48 hours. RNA was extracted from 20 samples for subsequent RNAseq analysis. Transcriptomic analysis was performed using the HISAT2-Stringtie-DESeq pipeline. Differentially expressed genes were further characterized for global responses using the GEDI tool, gene networks and for Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment.", "release_date": "2019-10-24", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-251/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [ "Seedlings" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina HiSeq2500" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Altered Gravity" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Gravity", "Altered" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-2 SpaceX-4" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA", "ESA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Raul F. Javier John Joshua Z P Herranz Medina Kiss Vandenbrink" ], "publication_title": "RNA-seq analyses of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings after exposure to blue-light phototropic stimuli in microgravity RNAseq analysis of the response of Arabidopsis thaliana to fractional gravity under blue-light stimulation during spaceflight" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-252", "osd_num": 252, "identifiers": "GLDS-252", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-252", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/252", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/252" } }, "overview": { "title": "International Space Station - Microbial Observatory of Pathogenic Virus, Bacteria, and Fungi project", "description": "This study investigated the interplay between the microbial community of the International Space Station and its crew. Environmental samples were collected from 8 habitable locations around the ISS. The microbial composition was measured using shotgun metagenomic sequencing and procesed using the Livermore Metagenomics Analysis Toolkit.", "release_date": "2021-09-10", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-252/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "Metagenomic sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Sample Location", "Time", "Treatment" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Sample Location", "time", "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-11" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)", "people": [ "Crystal Venkateswaran Michael Jaing Kasthuri Morrison" ], "publication_title": "Crewmember microbiome may influence microbial composition of ISS habitable surfaces" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-253", "osd_num": 253, "identifiers": "GLDS-253", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-253", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/253", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/253" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional analysis of kidneys from mice flown on the RR-7 mission", "description": "The objective of the Rodent Research-7 mission (RR-7) was to study the impact of the space environment on the gut microbiota of two strains of mice and how any changes in-turn affect the immune system, metabolic system, and circadian or daily rhythms. To this end, ten 11-week-old female C57BL/6J and ten 11-week-old female C3H/HeJ mice were flown to the International Space Station on June 29, 2018 on SpaceX-15 and housed in two Rodent Habitats. Samples of food, swabs from living surfaces, and fecal pellets were collected from each animal before launch and regularly during the mission. The mission also involved extended video collection (48 hr video segments per Habitat) to monitor circadian rhythms, and on-orbit mass measurement. After 25 days on-orbit, half of the mice of each strain were euthanized on the ISS with Ketamine/Xylazine/Acepromazine and cardiac puncture, after which carcasses were segmented in three sections and preserved in RNA later. After 75-76 days the remaining 5 animals from each group were euthanized and processed in the same manner. The 25-day dissected carcasses returned on SpX-15, and the 75-day dissected carcasses returned on SpX-16. In addition to the Flight group, three ground control groups were also part of the study: Basal (representing the pre-launch state), Vivarium (standard vivarium housing for the same duration of time as flight), and Ground (same habitat in the International Space Station Environment Simulator, ISSES). Twenty mice (10 of each strain) were included in each of these control groups, which were euthanized and processed on the same schedule and in the same manner as the flight samples. Dissections for tissues from all experimental groups were completed by the PI groups along with NASA's Biospecimen Sharing Program in February 2019. GeneLab received kidneys from thirty-eight C57BL/6J mice: 9 Basal, 5 Ground (25 days), 4 Ground (75 days), 5 Flight (25 days), 5 Flight (75 days), 5 Vivarium (25 days), 5 Vivarium (75 days). GeneLab received kidneys from thirty-nine C3H/HeJ mice: 9 Basal, 5 Ground (25 days), 5 Ground (75 days), 5 Flight (25 days), 5 Flight (75 days), 5 Vivarium (25 days), 5 Vivarium (75 days). From these kidneys, RNA was extracted, libraries generated (stranded, ribodepleted) and sequenced (target 60 M clusters at PE 98 bp). Since the original RR-7 experiment used different wavelengths of light in the Spaceflight (FLT) and Ground Control (GC) Habitat units (the two GC units had blue-enriched LEDs whereas the two FLT units had the standard white LEDs), the GC was repeated for RR-7 on 07/28/2021 - 07/29/2021 such that mice were exposed to either blue or white light. The GC rerun samples can be compared to the data from the original RR-7 samples to evaluate any biology impact due to exposure to different wavelengths of light.", "release_date": "2019-11-08", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-253/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Left kidney" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NovaSeq 6000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Strain", "Duration", "Treatment" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "strain", "duration", "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-15" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "NASA Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan San-Huei Amanda Homer Nicholas Marie Valery Shyamli Yi-Chun Sylvain Samrawit Kristen Barbara Jihan Alexis M M W T V G A Galazka Lai Polo Saravia-Butler Fogle Bense Dinh Boyko Narang Chen Costes Gebre Peach Novak Yehia Torres" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-254", "osd_num": 254, "identifiers": "GLDS-254", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-254", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/254", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/254" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional analysis of dorsal skin from mice flown on the RR-7 mission", "description": "The objective of the Rodent Research-7 mission (RR-7) was to study the impact of the space environment on the gut microbiota of two strains of mice and how any changes in-turn affect the immune system, metabolic system, and circadian or daily rhythms. To this end, ten 11-week-old female C57BL/6J and ten 11-week-old female C3H/HeJ mice were flown to the International Space Station on June 29, 2018 on SpaceX-15 and housed in two Rodent Habitats. Samples of food, swabs from living surfaces, and fecal pellets were collected from each animal before launch and regularly during the mission. The mission also involved extended video collection (48 hr video segments per Habitat) to monitor circadian rhythms, and on-orbit mass measurement. After 25 days on-orbit, half of the mice of each strain were euthanized on the ISS with Ketamine/Xylazine/Acepromazine and cardiac puncture, after which carcasses were segmented in three sections and preserved in RNA later. After 75-76 days the remaining 5 animals from each group were euthanized and processed in the same manner. The 25-day dissected carcasses returned on SpX-15, and the 75-day dissected carcasses returned on SpX-16. In addition to the Flight group, three ground control groups were also part of the study: Basal (representing the pre-launch state), Vivarium (standard vivarium housing for the same duration of time as flight), and Ground (same habitat in the International Space Station Environment Simulator, ISSES). Twenty mice (10 of each strain) were included in each of these control groups, which were euthanized and processed on the same schedule and in the same manner as the flight samples. Dissections for tissues from all experimental groups were completed by the PI groups along with NASA's Biospecimen Sharing Program in February 2019. GeneLab received dorsal skin samples from forty C57BL/6J mice: 10 Basal, 5 Ground (25 days), 5 Ground (75 days), 5 Flight (25 days), 5 Flight (75 days), 5 Vivarium (25 days), 5 Vivarium (75 days). GeneLab received dorsal skin samples from forty C3H/HeJ mice: 10 Basal, 5 Ground (25 days), 5 Ground (75 days), 5 Flight (25 days), 5 Flight (75 days), 5 Vivarium (25 days), 5 Vivarium (75 days). From these skin samples, RNA was extracted, libraries generated (stranded, ribodepleted) and sequenced (target 60 M clusters at PE 98 bp).", "release_date": "2019-11-08", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-254/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "dorsal skin" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NovaSeq 6000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Strain", "Duration" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "strain", "duration" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-15" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "NASA Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan San-Huei Amanda Homer Nicholas Valery Yi-Chun Sylvain Samrawit Alexis Jihan Alec M M W V G Galazka Lai Polo Saravia-Butler Fogle Bense Boyko Chen Costes Gebre Torres Yehia Vallota-Eastman" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-255", "osd_num": 255, "identifiers": "GLDS-255", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-255", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/255", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/255" } }, "overview": { "title": "Spaceflight influences gene expression, photoreceptor integrity, and oxidative stress-related damage in the murine retina", "description": "The purpose of this study was to determine whether the spaceflight environment induces oxidative damage on ocular structure and how gene expression profiles change during spaceflight.", "release_date": "2019-05-31", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-255/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Right retina" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-12" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Xiao Wen Mao" ], "publication_title": "Spaceflight influences gene expression, photoreceptor integrity, and oxidative stress-related damage in the murine retina." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-256", "osd_num": 256, "identifiers": "GLDS-256", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-256", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/256", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/256" } }, "overview": { "title": "NASA Aircraft Bioaerosol Collector (ABC) -2", "description": "Several studies have reported that microorganisms are co-transported with globally dispersed aerosols and that microbial DNA and viable cells have been detected at both low and high altitudes. In an effort to investigate how microbial patterns change with altitude, two research flights were flown using NASA's C-20A Gulfstream III aircraft over the Sierra mountains in the Southern California/Nevada region over two consecutive days. During each flight, the aircraft reached 40,000 ft and lowered to 30,000 ft, 20,000 ft, and 10,000 ft in a stair-step pattern. Bioaerosol samples were collected at each altitude for 30 minutes on gelatinous filters using the Aircraft Bioaerosol Collector (ABC). DNA was extracted from the bioaerosol sample. Whole genome sequencing was performed on the extracted DNA using an Illumina NextSeq 500.", "release_date": "2020-07-27", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-256/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [ "bioaerosol" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "Metagenomic sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Altitude" ], "types": [ "Altitude" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "NASA Airborne Science Program" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Crystal David Michael J. D Jaing Smith Morrison" ], "publication_title": "Sierra Nevada sweep: metagenomic measurements of bioaerosols vertically distributed across the troposphere" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-258", "osd_num": 258, "identifiers": "GLDS-258", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-258", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/258", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/258" } }, "overview": { "title": "Effects of Spaceflight on Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocyte Structure and Function", "description": "With extended stays aboard the International Space Station (ISS) becoming commonplace, there is a need to better understand the effects of microgravity on cardiac function. We utilized human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) to study the effects of microgravity on cell-level cardiac function and gene expression. The hiPSC-CMs were cultured aboard the ISS for 5.5 weeks and their gene expression, structure, and functions were compared to ground control hiPSC-CMs. Exposure to microgravity on the ISS caused alterations in hiPSC-CM calcium handling. RNA-sequencing analysis demonstrated 2,635 genes were differentially expressed among flight, post-flight, and ground control samples, including genes involved in mitochondrial metabolism. This study represents the first use of hiPSCs to model the effects of spaceflight on human cardiomyocyte structure and function.", "release_date": "2019-11-07", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-258/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina HiSeq 2000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Time" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Joseph Wu" ], "publication_title": "Effects of Spaceflight on Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocyte Structure and Function" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-259", "osd_num": 259, "identifiers": "GLDS-259", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-259", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/259", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/259" } }, "overview": { "title": "Alteration of Proteomes in First-generation Cultures of Bacillus pumilus Spores Exposed to Outer Space", "description": "Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032 was originally isolated from the Jet Propulsion Lab Spacecraft Assembly Facility and thoroughly characterized for its enhanced resistance to UV irradiation and oxidative stress. This unusual resistance of SAFR-032 is of particular concern in the context of planetary protection and calls for development of novel disinfection techniques to prevent extraterrestrial contamination. Previously, spores of SAFR-032 were exposed for 18 months to a variety of space conditions on board the International Space Station to investigate their resistance to Mars-like conditions and space travel. Here, proteomic characterization of vegetative SAFR-032 cells from space-surviving spores is presented in comparison to a ground control. Vegetative cells of the first passage were processed and subjected to quantitative proteomics using tandem mass tags. Approximately 60% of all proteins encoded by SAFR-032 were identified, and 301 proteins were differentially expressed among the strains. We found that proteins predicted to be involved in carbohydrate transport/metabolism and energy production/conversion had lower abundance than those of the ground control. For three proteins, we showed that the expected metabolic activities were decreased, as expected with direct enzymatic assays. This was consistent with a decrease of ATP production in the space-surviving strains. The same space-surviving strains showed increased abundance of proteins related to survival, growth advantage, and stress response. Such alterations in the proteomes provide insights into possible molecular mechanisms of B. pumilus SAFR-032 to adapt to and resist extreme extraterrestrial environments.", "release_date": "2019-05-21", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-259/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Bacillus pumilus" ], "material_types": [ "cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein expression profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Treatment" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "STS-122 STS-128" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "ESA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL)", "people": [ "Abby Markus Chiang Kalkum" ], "publication_title": "Alteration of Proteomes in First-Generation Cultures of Bacillus pumilus Spores Exposed to Outer Space" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-260", "osd_num": 260, "identifiers": "GLDS-260", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-260", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/260", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/260" } }, "overview": { "title": "Genomic and Proteomic characterization of Aspergillus niger isolated from the International Space Station", "description": "Genomic and proteomic characterization of the Aspergillus niger isolate, JSC-093350089, collected from U.S. segment surfaces of the International Space Station (ISS) is reported, along with a comparison to the experimentally established strain ATCC 1015. Whole-genome sequencing of JSC-093350089 revealed enhanced genetic variance when compared to publicly available sequences of A. niger strains. Analysis of the isolate‚Äôs proteome revealed significant differences in the molecular phenotype of JSC-093350089, including increased abundance of proteins involved in the A. niger starvation response, oxidative stress resistance, cell wall integrity and modulation, and nutrient acquisition. Together, these data reveal the existence of a distinct strain of A. niger onboard the ISS and provide insight into the molecular phenotype that is selected for by melanized fungal species inhabiting spacecraft environments.", "release_date": "2018-08-21", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-260/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Aspergillus niger" ], "material_types": [ "vegetative cell (sensu Fungi)" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein expression profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Strain" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "strain" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Abby Markus Chiang Kalkum" ], "publication_title": "Characterization of Aspergillus niger Isolated from the International Space Station" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-261", "osd_num": 261, "identifiers": "GLDS-261", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-261", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/261", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/261" } }, "overview": { "title": "Proteomic characterization of Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from air and surfaces of the International Space Station", "description": "The on-going Microbial Observatory Experiments on the International Space Station (ISS) revealed the presence of various microorganisms that may be affected by the distinct environment of the ISS. The low-nutrient environment combined with enhanced irradiation and microgravity may trigger changes in the molecular suit of microorganisms leading to increased virulence and resistance of microbes. Proteomic characterization of two Aspergillus fumigatus strains, ISSFT-021 and IF1SW-F4, isolated from HEPA filter debris and cupola surface of the ISS, respectively, is presented, along with a comparison to experimentally established clinical isolates Af293 and CEA10. In-depth analysis highlights variations in the proteome of both ISS-isolated strains when compared to the clinical strains. Proteins up-regulated in ISS isolates were involved in oxidative stress response, and carbohydrate and secondary metabolism. This report provides insight into possible molecular adaptation of filamentous fungi to the unique ISS environment. Lastly, an attempt was made to elucidate plausible causes of the enhanced virulence of both ISS-isolated A. fumigatus strains.", "release_date": "2019-09-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-261/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Aspergillus fumigatus" ], "material_types": [ "vegetative cell (sensu Fungi)" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein expression profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Orbitrap Fusion" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Strain" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "strain" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)", "people": [ "Abby Markus Chiang Kalkum" ], "publication_title": "Proteomic characterization of Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from air and surfaces of the International Space Station" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-262", "osd_num": 262, "identifiers": "GLDS-262", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-262", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/262", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/262" } }, "overview": { "title": "Draft Genome Sequence of Solibacillus kalamii, Isolated from an Air Filter Aboard the International Space Station", "description": "Solibacillus kalamii was isolated from a HEPA filter in the International Space Station. This strain was of particular interest due to the unique environment in which it was isolated from.", "release_date": "2017-06-06", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-262/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Solibacillus kalamii" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "nucleotide sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "genome sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Kasthuri Arman Parag Nitin K Venkateswaren Seuylemezian Vaishampayan Singh" ], "publication_title": "Draft Genome Sequence of Solibacillus kalamii, Isolated from an Air Filter Aboard the International Space Station Solibacillus kalamii sp. nov., isolated from a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter system used in the International Space Station" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-263", "osd_num": 263, "identifiers": "GLDS-263", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-263", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/263", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/263" } }, "overview": { "title": "Draft Genome Sequences of Acinetobacter and Bacillus Strains Isolated from Spacecraft-Associated Surfaces", "description": "We report here the draft genome sequences of four strains isolated from spacecraft-associated surfaces exhibiting increased resistance to stressors such as UV radiation and exposure to H2O2. The draft genomes of strains 1P01SC, FO-92, 50v1, and 2P01AA had sizes of 5,500,894 bp, 4,699,376 bp, 3,174,402 bp, and 4,328,804 bp, respectively.", "release_date": "2017-12-20", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-263/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Bacillus horneckiae", "Aranicola proteolyticus", "Acinetobacter radioresistens", "Bacillus nealsonii" ], "material_types": [ "cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "nucleotide sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "genome sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Sample Location" ], "types": [ "Sample Location" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Kasthuri Arman Parag Kerry Venkateswaran Seuylemezian Vaishampayan Cooper" ], "publication_title": "Draft Genome Sequences of Acinetobacter and Bacillus Strains Isolated from Spacecraft-Associated Surfaces" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-264", "osd_num": 264, "identifiers": "GLDS-264", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-264", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/264", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/264" } }, "overview": { "title": "Genomic Characterization and Virulence Potential of Two Fusarium oxysporum Isolates Cultured from the International Space Station", "description": "Two isolates of Fusarium oxysporum, ISS-F3 and ISS-F4, were cultured from the dining table on the International Space Station (ISS). Genomic analyses using EF-1α sequences, presence/absence of effector proteins, k-mer comparisons, and single nucleotide polymorphisms indicate that these two strains are genomically different from 65 known sequenced strains. Functional analysis revealed that ISS-F3/F4 had higher relative abundances of polyketide synthase domains than a non-plant-pathogenic soil isolate, used for biocontrol properties (Fo47), and a clinical isolate (FOSC-3a). Putative secondary metabolite analysis indicates that ISS-F3/F4 may produce yet-unreported polyketides and nonribosomal peptides. While genomic analysis showed that these ISS strains are unlikely to be plant pathogens, a virulence assay using an immunocompromised Caenorhabditis elegans model of fusariosis revealed that they were virulent and may represent opportunistic pathogens in animals, including humans. However, its effects on the health of immunocompromised humans warrant further study.", "release_date": "2019-02-22", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-264/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Fusarium oxysporum" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "nucleotide sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "genome sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Camilla Kasthuri Urbaniak Venkateswaran" ], "publication_title": "Genomic Characterization and Virulence Potential of Two Fusarium oxysporum Isolates Cultured from the International Space Station." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-265", "osd_num": 265, "identifiers": "GLDS-265", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-265", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/265", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/265" } }, "overview": { "title": "Selecting for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii fitness in the KSC Veggie Unit", "description": "The Space Algae Experiment Verification Test completed a competitive growth selection on mutagenized microalgae in a series of batch cultures that were passaged for three growth cycles. The experiment was conducted with ground control conditions similar to those actually used in spaceflight. Cultures were limited in growth rate due to gas permeable membranes to provide oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange and a lack of agitation to mix the cells throughout the liquid media. Two strains were grown and three biological replicates were completed for each strain. Specific variables (factors) tested were: 1) The effect of UVC (short-wave ultraviolet light) mutagenesis was tested by sampling the algae cultures prior to mutagenesis. 2) The sensitivity of different strains was tested by conducting the experiment with a wild-type and cell wall mutant (cw15) strain. 3) The effect of competitive growth was tested by sampling each biological replicate experiment at the end of each growth cycle. 4) The effect of live culture storage in the dark was tested by sampling each growth cycle twice. At the time of passage, a sample of cells was pelleted and frozen. The cultures were then stored in the dark in a Cargo Transport Bag (CTB) to simulate storage on the ISS and return of cultures. This factor tested whether cultures could be stored alive in the dark or if samples needed to be fixed at the time of passage in order to get an accurate representation of the genetic variation in each cycle of growth. Paired-end, whole genome sequencing was completed for 38 samples: 2 strains pre mutagenesis and 2 strains X 3 biological replicates X 3 growth cycles X 2 storage conditions.", "release_date": "2020-01-21", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-265/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Chlamydomonas reinhardtii" ], "material_types": [ "Whole Organism" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "nucleotide sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "genome sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Growth Cycle", "Strain", "Sample Storage", "UV Mutagenesis", "Organism Part" ], "types": [ "Growth Cycle", "strain", "Sample Storage", "UV Mutagenesis", "Organism Part" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Mark A Settles" ], "publication_title": "Competitive Growth Assay of Mutagenized Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Compatible With the International Space Station Veggie Plant Growth Chamber" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-266", "osd_num": 266, "identifiers": "GLDS-266", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-266", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/266", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/266" } }, "overview": { "title": "Growth rate of mammary cancers arising in irradiated mice is associated with pattern of immune infiltrate", "description": "To determine how host irradiation affects tumor profiles in 10 month aged mice treated with HZE or gamma irradiation.", "release_date": "2019-12-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-266/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Trp53 null Mammary Tumor" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Absorbed Radiation Dose" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "absorbed radiation dose" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Jade Mary H Moore Barcellos-Hoff" ], "publication_title": "Aggressive Mammary Cancers Lacking Lymphocytic Infiltration Arise in Irradiated Mice and Can Be Prevented by Dietary Intervention" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-267", "osd_num": 267, "identifiers": "GLDS-267", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-267", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/267", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/267" } }, "overview": { "title": "Microbiological and nutritional analysis of lettuce crops grown on the International Space Station-VEG01A", "description": "The ability to grow safe, fresh food to supplement packaged foods of astronauts in space has been an important goal for NASA. Food crops grown in space experience different environmental conditions than plants grown on Earth (e.g., reduced gravity, elevated radiation levels). To study the effects of space conditions, red romaine lettuce, Lactuca sativa cv ‘Outredgeous,’ plants were grown in Veggie plant growth chambers on the International Space Station (ISS) and compared with ground-grown plants. Multiple plantings were grown on ISS and harvested using either a single, final harvest, or sequential harvests in which several mature leaves were removed from the plants at weekly intervals. Ground controls were grown simultaneously with a 24–72 h delay using ISS environmental data. Food safety of the plants was determined by heterotrophic plate counts for bacteria and fungi, as well as isolate identification using samples taken from the leaves and roots. Molecular characterization was conducted using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) to provide taxonomic composition and phylogenetic structure of the community. Leaves were also analyzed for elemental composition, as well as levels of phenolics, anthocyanins, and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC). Comparison of flight and ground tissues showed some differences in total counts for bacteria and yeast/molds (2.14 – 4.86 log10 CFU/g), while screening for select human pathogens yielded negative results. Bacterial and fungal isolate identification and community characterization indicated variation in the diversity of genera between leaf and root tissue with diversity being higher in root tissue, and included differences in the dominant genera. The only difference between ground and flight experiments was seen in the third experiment, VEG-03A, with significant differences in the genera from leaf tissue. Flight and ground tissue showed differences in Fe, K, Na, P, S, and Zn content and total phenolic levels, but no differences in anthocyanin and ORAC levels. This study indicated that leafy vegetable crops can produce safe, edible, fresh food to supplement to the astronauts’ diet, and provide baseline data for continual operation of the Veggie plant growth units on ISS.", "release_date": "2020-02-21", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-267/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "ITS", "16S" ], "measurement_types": [ "Amplicon Sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Organism Part" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Organism Part" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-3" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Christina Gioia Raymond Mary LaShelle Anirudha Jeffrey Matthew Trent L.M. D M E E R T W M Khodadad Massa Wheeler Hummerick Spencer Dixit Richards Romeyn Smith" ], "publication_title": "Microbiological and Nutritional Analysis of Lettuce Crops Grown on the International Space Station" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-268", "osd_num": 268, "identifiers": "GLDS-268", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-268", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/268", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/268" } }, "overview": { "title": "Microbiological and nutritional analysis of lettuce crops grown on the International Space Station-VEG01B", "description": "Lettuce crops grown in the Veggie payload aboard ISS, harvested and returned for chemical, microbiological and molecular analysis", "release_date": "2020-02-21", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-268/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [ "root", "leaf" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "ITS", "16S" ], "measurement_types": [ "Amplicon Sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Organism Part" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Organism Part" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-3" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Christina Khodadad" ], "publication_title": "Microbiological and Nutritional Analysis of Lettuce Crops Grown on the International Space Station." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-269", "osd_num": 269, "identifiers": "GLDS-269", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-269", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/269", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/269" } }, "overview": { "title": "Microbiological and nutritional analysis of lettuce crops grown on the International Space Station-VEG03A", "description": "The ability to grow safe, fresh food to supplement packaged foods of astronauts in space has been an important goal for NASA. Food crops grown in space experience different environmental conditions than plants grown on Earth (e.g., reduced gravity, elevated radiation levels). To study the effects of space conditions, red romaine lettuce, Lactuca sativa cv ‘Outredgeous,’ plants were grown in Veggie plant growth chambers on the International Space Station (ISS) and compared with ground-grown plants. Multiple plantings were grown on ISS and harvested using either a single, final harvest, or sequential harvests in which several mature leaves were removed from the plants at weekly intervals. Ground controls were grown simultaneously with a 24–72 h delay using ISS environmental data. Food safety of the plants was determined by heterotrophic plate counts for bacteria and fungi, as well as isolate identification using samples taken from the leaves and roots. Molecular characterization was conducted using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) to provide taxonomic composition and phylogenetic structure of the community. Leaves were also analyzed for elemental composition, as well as levels of phenolics, anthocyanins, and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC). Comparison of flight and ground tissues showed some differences in total counts for bacteria and yeast/molds (2.14 – 4.86 log10 CFU/g), while screening for select human pathogens yielded negative results. Bacterial and fungal isolate identification and community characterization indicated variation in the diversity of genera between leaf and root tissue with diversity being higher in root tissue, and included differences in the dominant genera. The only difference between ground and flight experiments was seen in the third experiment, VEG-03A, with significant differences in the genera from leaf tissue. Flight and ground tissue showed differences in Fe, K, Na, P, S, and Zn content and total phenolic levels, but no differences in anthocyanin and ORAC levels. This study indicated that leafy vegetable crops can produce safe, edible, fresh food to supplement to the astronauts’ diet, and provide baseline data for continual operation of the Veggie plant growth units on ISS.", "release_date": "2020-02-21", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-269/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "16S" ], "measurement_types": [ "Amplicon Sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Organism Part" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "organism part" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-8" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Christina Gioia Raymond L. M. D M Khodadad Massa Wheeler" ], "publication_title": "Microbiological and nutritional analysis of lettuce crops grown on the International Space Station Plant Pillow Preparation for the Veggie Plant Growth System on the International Space Station" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-270", "osd_num": 270, "identifiers": "GLDS-270", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-270", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/270", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/270" } }, "overview": { "title": "Bulk and spatially resolved transcriptional analysis of hearts from mice flown on the RR-3", "description": "The Rodent Research-3 (RR-3) mission was sponsored by the pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly and Co. and the Center for the Advancement of Science in Space to study the effectiveness of a potential countermeasure for the loss of muscle and bone mass that occurs during spaceflight. Twenty BALB/c, 12-weeks old female mice (ten controls and ten treated) were flown to the ISS and housed in the Rodent Habitat for 39-42 days. Twenty mice of similar age, sex and strain were used for ground controls housed in identical hardware and matching ISS environmental conditions. Basal controls were housed in standard vivarium cages. Spaceflight, ground controls and basal groups had blood collected, then were euthanized, had one hind limb removed, and finally whole carcasses were stored at -80 C until dissection. All mice in this data set received only the control/sham injection. Spatially resolved transcriptional profiles were generated from hearts from three flight and three ground control animals as follows. Hearts were cryosectioned longitudinally onto an array of capture probes that bind RNA, fixed, stained and visualized. Heart sections were then permeabilized to release RNA onto the capture probes, and cDNA synthesized on the chip so that its spatial arrangement is encoded within a set of molecular barcodes. cDNA was then released and sequenced. Four to five levels of each heart was analyzed in this manner to allow a 3D reconstruction of the transcriptome. In addition, bulk RNA-seq (ribodepleted, target depth of 60 M clusters, PE 150 bp) was performed from a pool of RNA extracted from 10-20 sections from each of 3 flight and 2 ground control samples.", "release_date": "2020-03-18", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-270/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Heart" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "spatial transcriptomics", "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-8" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "San-Huei Amanda Homer Zaneta Zaneta Valery Marie Yi-Chen Samrawit Stefania Jonathan Afshin Sylvain Alexis Jihan Alec M W T G M V Lai Polo Saravia-Butler Fogle Andrusivova Andrusivova Boyko Dinh Chen Gebre Giacomello Galazka Beheshti Costes Torres Yehia Vallota-Eastman" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-271", "osd_num": 271, "identifiers": "GLDS-271", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-271", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/271", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/271" } }, "overview": { "title": "Global gene expression profiling of radiation-induced rat mammary carcinomas", "description": "To investigate gene expression patterns in rat mammary carcinomas induced by ionizing radiation. Gene expression patterns were analyzed in radiation-induced rat mammary carcinomas and normal mammary gland tissues.", "release_date": "2018-02-14", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-271/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Rattus norvegicus" ], "material_types": [ "mammary gland" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Kazuhiro S Daino Kakinuma" ], "publication_title": "Epigenetic dysregulation of key developmental genes in radiation-induced rat mammary carcinomas" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-272", "osd_num": 272, "identifiers": "GLDS-272", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-272", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/272", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/272" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional analysis of spleens from mice preserved with the Rapid Freeze hardware", "description": "Data from the NASA Rodent Research-1 (RR-1) mission showed that gene-expression levels in mouse livers are different depending on what tissue preservation protocol is used and that slow freezing is not an effective method for preserving signals in gene-expression data. In response to these and other observations, the Rapid Freeze hardware was built for use on the International Space Station. The Rapid Freeze hardware freezes mouse tissues (Glovebox freezer) and whole carcasses (Cryochiller) at rates closely mimicking those attained with immersion in liquid nitrogen. Because this hardware will be used extensively on future rodent research missions, it is crucial to understand whether or not it preserves signals in gene expression data in order to maximize the value of these rare and expensive spaceflight experiments. Therefore, this study was designed with three goals: 1) To evaluate the temperature profile of the Cryochiller and Glovebox freezer cartridges (Rapid Freeze hardware) over time during mock on-orbit procedures; 2) To determine the freezing profiles of tissues and carcasses using Rapid Freeze hardware at both optimal and sub-optimal temperatures (to mimic on-orbit operations), compared with those frozen in liquid nitrogen (the laboratory gold standard) or frozen in at -80 C (the current standard method); 3) To identify gene expression changes in a) tissues that were frozen via the Glovebox freezer and b) tissues dissected from whole or partial carcasses that were frozen via the Cryochiller versus tissues that were frozen via control methods (liquid nitrogen or -80C slow freeze) to assess how the Rapid Freeze hardware compares with laboratory gold standard practices and our current standard methods.", "release_date": "2020-03-31", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-272/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Spleen" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NovaSeq 6000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Dissection Condition", "Preservation Method", "Order of Preservation" ], "types": [ "Dissection Condition", "Preservation Method", "Order of Preservation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Amanda Jonathan Medaya Yi-Chun Sungshin Rebecca Stephanie Dennis Yasaman San-Huei Alec Amanda Homer Alexis Jihan Medaya Yi-Chun Valery Marie Sungshin America Christina Tyler Vandana Rebecca Amanda Sylvain Samrawit Afshin M L M L T C M V G Saravia-Butler Galazka Torres Chen Choi Klotz Perreau Leveson Gower Shirazi Lai Polo Vallota-Eastman Saravia-Butler Fogle Torres Yehia Torres Chen Boyko Dinh Choi Reyes Wang Lim Marsh Verma Klotz Saravia-Butler Costes Gebre Beheshti" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-273", "osd_num": 273, "identifiers": "GLDS-273", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-273", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/273", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/273" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional analysis of livers from mice preserved with the Rapid Freeze hardware", "description": "Data from the NASA Rodent Research-1 (RR-1) mission showed that gene-expression levels in mouse livers are different depending on what tissue preservation protocol is used and that slow freezing is not an effective method for preserving signals in gene-expression data. In response to these and other observations, the Rapid Freeze hardware was built for use on the International Space Station. The Rapid Freeze hardware freezes mouse tissues (Glovebox freezer) and whole carcasses (Cryochiller) at rates closely mimicking those attained with immersion in liquid nitrogen. Because this hardware will be used extensively on future rodent research missions, it is crucial to understand whether or not it preserves signals in gene expression data in order to maximize the value of these rare and expensive spaceflight experiments. Therefore, this study was designed with three goals: 1) To evaluate the temperature profile of the Cryochiller and Glovebox freezer cartridges (Rapid Freeze hardware) over time during mock on-orbit procedures; 2) To determine the freezing profiles of tissues and carcasses using Rapid Freeze hardware at both optimal and sub-optimal temperatures (to mimic on-orbit operations), compared with those frozen in liquid nitrogen (the laboratory gold standard) or frozen at -80 C (the current standard method); 3) To identify gene expression changes in a) tissues that were frozen via the Glovebox freezer and b) tissues dissected from whole or partial carcasses that were frozen via the Cryochiller versus tissues that were frozen via control methods (liquid nitrogen or -80C slow freeze) to assess how the Rapid Freeze hardware compares with laboratory gold standard practices and our current standard methods.", "release_date": "2020-06-26", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-273/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Liver" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NovaSeq 6000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Dissection Condition", "Preservation Method", "Order of Preservation" ], "types": [ "Dissection Condition", "Preservation Method", "Order of Preservation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Amanda Jonathan Medaya Yi-Chun Sungshin Rebecca Stephanie Dennis Yasaman San-Huei Alec Amanda Homer Alexis Jihan Medaya Yi-Chun Valery Marie Sungshin America Christina Tyler Vandana Rebecca Amanda Sylvain Samrawit Afshin M L M L T C M V G Saravia-Butler Galazka Torres Chen Choi Klotz Perreau Leveson Gower Shirazi Lai Polo Vallota-Eastman Saravia-Butler Fogle Torres Yehia Torres Chen Boyko Dinh Choi Reyes Wang Lim Marsh Verma Klotz Saravia-Butler Costes Gebre Beheshti" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-274", "osd_num": 274, "identifiers": "GLDS-274", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-274", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/274", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/274" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional analysis of soleus from mice preserved with the Rapid Freeze hardware", "description": "Data from the NASA Rodent Research-1 (RR-1) mission showed that gene-expression levels in mouse livers are different depending on what tissue preservation protocol is used and that slow freezing is not an effective method for preserving signals in gene-expression data. In response to these and other observations, the Rapid Freeze hardware was built for use on the International Space Station. The Rapid Freeze hardware freezes mouse tissues (Glovebox freezer) and whole carcasses (Cryochiller) at rates closely mimicking those attained with immersion in liquid nitrogen. Because this hardware will be used extensively on future rodent research missions, it is crucial to understand whether or not it preserves signals in gene expression data in order to maximize the value of these rare and expensive spaceflight experiments. Therefore, this study was designed with three goals: 1) To evaluate the temperature profile of the Cryochiller and Glovebox freezer cartridges (Rapid Freeze hardware) over time during mock on-orbit procedures; 2) To determine the freezing profiles of tissues and carcasses using Rapid Freeze hardware at both optimal and sub-optimal temperatures (to mimic on-orbit operations), compared with those frozen in liquid nitrogen (the laboratory gold standard) or frozen at -80 C (the current standard method); 3) To identify gene expression changes in a) tissues that were frozen via the Glovebox freezer and b) tissues dissected from whole or partial carcasses that were frozen via the Cryochiller versus tissues that were frozen via control methods (liquid nitrogen or -80C slow freeze) to assess how the Rapid Freeze hardware compares with laboratory gold standard practices and our current standard methods.", "release_date": "2020-06-26", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-274/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Soleus" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NovaSeq 6000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Dissection Condition", "Preservation Method", "Order of Preservation" ], "types": [ "Dissection Condition", "Preservation Method", "Order of Preservation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Amanda Jonathan Medaya Yi-Chun Sungshin Rebecca Stephanie Dennis Yasaman San-Huei Alec Alexis Jihan Homer Medaya Yi-Chun Valery Marie Sungshin America Christina Tyler Vandana Rebecca Amanda Sylvain Samrawit Afshin M L L T C M V G Saravia-Butler Galazka Torres Chen Choi Klotz Perreau Leveson Gower Shirazi Lai Polo Vallota-Eastman Torres Yehia Fogle Torres Chen Boyko Dinh Choi Reyes Wang Lim Marsh Verma Klotz Saravia-Butler Costes Gebre Beheshti" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-275", "osd_num": 275, "identifiers": "GLDS-275", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-275", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/275", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/275" } }, "overview": { "title": "Global DNA methylation profiling of radiation-induced rat mammary carcinomas", "description": "To investigate DNA methylation patterns in rat mammary carcinomas induced by ionizing radiation. DNA methylation patterns were analyzed in radiation-induced rat mammary carcinomas and normal mammary gland tissues using CpG island microarray.", "release_date": "2018-02-14", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-275/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Rattus norvegicus" ], "material_types": [ "mammary gland" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "DNA methylation profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Kazuhiro S Daino Kakinuma" ], "publication_title": "Epigenetic dysregulation of key developmental genes in radiation-induced rat mammary carcinomas" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-276", "osd_num": 276, "identifiers": "GLDS-276", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-276", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/276", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/276" } }, "overview": { "title": "Swabs from the International Space Station Raw sequence reads", "description": "16S sequencing of 15 swabs from the International Space Station", "release_date": "2017-04-19", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-276/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "cellular organisms" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "16S" ], "measurement_types": [ "Amplicon Sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Sample Location" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Sample Location" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "Expedition 39" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA", "JAXA", "Roscosmos" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Johnson Space Center (JSC)", "people": [ "Jenna M Lang" ], "publication_title": "A microbial survey of the International Space Station (ISS)" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-277", "osd_num": 277, "identifiers": "GLDS-277", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-277", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/277", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/277" } }, "overview": { "title": "Spaceflight Analogue Culture Enhances the Host-Pathogen Interaction Between Salmonella and a 3-D Biomimetic Intestinal Co-Culture Model", "description": "Physical forces associated with spaceflight and spaceflight analogue culture regulate a wide range of physiological responses by both bacterial and mammalian cells that can impact infection. However, our mechanistic understanding of how these environments regulate host-pathogen interactions in humans is poorly understood. Using a spaceflight analogue low fluid shear culture system, we investigated the effect of Low Shear Modeled Microgravity (LSMMG) culture on the colonization of Salmonella Typhimurium in a 3-D biomimetic model of human colonic epithelium containing macrophages. RNA-seq profiling of stationary phase wild type and delta hfq mutant bacteria alone indicated that LSMMG culture induced global changes in gene expression in both strains and that the RNA-binding protein Hfq played a significant role in regulating the transcriptional response of the pathogen to LSMMG culture. However, a core set of genes important for adhesion, invasion, and motility were commonly induced in both strains. LSMMG culture enhanced the colonization (adherence, invasion and intracellular survival) of Salmonella in this advanced model of intestinal epithelium using a mechanism that was independent of Hfq. Although S. Typhimurium delta hfq mutants are normally defective for invasion when grown as conventional shaking cultures, LSMMG conditions unexpectedly enabled high levels of colonization by an isogenic hfq mutant. In response to infection with either the wild type or mutant, host cells upregulated transcripts involved in inflammation, tissue remodeling, and wound healing during intracellular survival. Interestingly, infection by the hfq mutant led to fewer transcriptional differences between LSMMG- and control-infected host cells relative to infection with the wild type strain. This is the first study to investigate the effect of LSMMG culture on the interaction between S. Typhimurium and a 3-D model of human intestinal tissue. These findings advance our understanding of how physical forces can impact the early stages of human enteric salmonellosis.", "release_date": "2022-05-17", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-277/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Not Applicable", "Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium" ], "material_types": [ "Cells", "3D co-culture" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NexSeq" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Genotype", "Microgravity Simulation", "Infection", "Time" ], "types": [ "Genotype", "Weightlessness Simulation", "infection", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Jennifer Cheryl Karla Shanshan Trenton Bruce Heather Richard Rebecca C Mark Sandhya Bianca Brian Seth Wei Jason Kristina A J R J D Barrila Nickerson Franco Yang Davis Aronow Bean Davis Forsyth Ott Gangaraju Kang Hanratty Nydam Kong Steel Buss" ], "publication_title": "Spaceflight Analogue Culture Enhances the Host-Pathogen Interaction Between Salmonella and a 3-D Biomimetic Intestinal Co-Culture Model" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-278", "osd_num": 278, "identifiers": "GLDS-278", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-278", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/278", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/278" } }, "overview": { "title": "Spaceflight and simulated microgravity conditions increase virulence of Serratia marcescens in the Drosophila melanogaster infection model", "description": "While it has been shown that astronauts suffer immune disorders after spaceflight, the underlying causes are still poorly understood and there are many variables to consider when investigating the immune system in a complex environment. Additionally, there is growing evidence that suggests that not only is the immune system being altered, but the pathogens that infect the host are significantly influenced by spaceflight and ground-based spaceflight conditions. In this study, we demonstrate that Serratia marcescens (strain Db11) was significantly more lethal to Drosophila melanogaster after growth on the International Space Station than ground-based controls, but that the host immune system is not significantly altered amongst known immune genes. High-throughput sequencing of wild-type (w1118) adult hosts infected with either space or ground-reared S. marcescens revealed few changes in gene expression, with 11 genes significantly differentially expressed (q-values less than 0.05) and only one gene related to the immune system. This data supports the main findings of the paper, which state that both spaceflight and low-shear modeled microgravity conditions increase the virulence of this pathogen, independent of the host immune system. This data, which shows that there are no significant immune-related changes to the host when infected with space-grown sample compared to ground-grown sample, provides further evidence that there are likely phenotypic changes to the pathogen itself that is causing increased virulence in spaceflight and in low-shear modeled microgravity. RNA was extracted in triplicate from 2 pooled adult (2-3 day old female) Drosophila melanogaster (w1118) per treatment, with 4 total treatment groups (no injection control, sham injection with PBS, ground bacteria-injected, and space bacteria-injected) with poly(A)+ RNA libraries. Samples were multiplexed and sequenced 100bp paired-end ready were sequenced on one lane of the Illumina HiSeq-4000.", "release_date": "2019-09-28", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-278/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Drosophila melanogaster" ], "material_types": [ "Whole Organism" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Infection" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "infection" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-5" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Rachel Medaya Rachel Shannon Ravikumar William Sharmila Gilbert Torres Clemens Hateley Hosamani Wade Bhattacharya" ], "publication_title": "Spaceflight and simulated microgravity conditions increase virulence of Serratia marcescens in the Drosophila melanogaster infection model" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-279", "osd_num": 279, "identifiers": "GLDS-279", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-279", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/279", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/279" } }, "overview": { "title": "International Space Station flight project EXTREMOPHILES", "description": "The International Space Station (ISS) is a unique habitat for humans and microorganisms. Here, we report the results of the ISS experiment EXTREMOPHILES, including the analysis of microbial communities from several areas aboard at three time points. We assess microbial diversity, distribution, functional capacity and resistance profile using a combination of cultivation-independent analyses (amplicon and shot-gun sequencing) and cultivation-dependent analyses (physiological and genetic characterization of microbial isolates, antibiotic resistance tests, co-incubation experiments). We show that the ISS microbial communities are highly similar to those present in ground-based confined indoor environments and are subject to fluctuations, although a core microbiome persists over time and locations. The genomic and physiological features selected by ISS conditions do not appear to be directly relevant to human health, although adaptations towards biofilm formation and surface interactions were observed. Our results do not raise direct reason for concern with respect to crew health, but indicate a potential threat towards material integrity in moist areas.", "release_date": "2019-09-05", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-279/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "cellular organisms" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "16S" ], "measurement_types": [ "Amplicon Sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Sample Location" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Sample Location" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "Orbital ATK flight CRS-7" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "ESA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Maximilian Mora" ], "publication_title": "Space Station conditions are selective but do not alter microbial characteristics relevant to human health" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-280", "osd_num": 280, "identifiers": "GLDS-280", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-280", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/280", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/280" } }, "overview": { "title": "Salivary microbiome sequencing of astronauts", "description": "This study's goal was to examine if any salivary microbiome changes were observed in astronauts as a result of spaceflight. In addition, this study looked for any microbiome signature that may be associated with viral reactivation in humans", "release_date": "2020-03-09", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-280/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [ "not applicable", "Saliva" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "16S" ], "measurement_types": [ "Amplicon Sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Time" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)", "people": [ "Camilla Kasthuri Hernan James Crystal Brian Clarence Duane Satish J Urbaniak Venkateswaran Lorenzi Thissen Jaing Crucian Sams Pierson Mehta" ], "publication_title": "The influence of spaceflight on the astronaut salivary microbiome and the search for a microbiome biomarker for viral reactivation" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-281", "osd_num": 281, "identifiers": "GLDS-281", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-281", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/281", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/281" } }, "overview": { "title": "During development, the Sku5 mutant roots engage different genes than wild type WS roots, either on the ground or in spaceflight.", "description": "The wild type WS plants and the Sku5 mutant plants in the WS background were germinated on ISS or on the ground and the gene expression profiles in roots at 4 days or 8 days were established. The Sku5 gene (AT4G12420) codes for a multi-copper oxidase-like protein SKU5 protein that is involved in directed root tip growth. The Sku5 protein is glycosylated, GPI-anchored and localizes to the plasma membrane and the cell wall. The Sku5 gene is expressed most strongly in expanding tissues. The development of WS and Sku5 plants on orbit differs from that on the ground as demonstrated by the comparison of the gene expression profiles between 4 days old to 8 days old plant in the two environments. However the development of Sku5 mutant plants also differs from WS at either age and in either environment, suggesting the role of the genetic background in these developmental decisions. The 4 days old Sku5 roots in orbit engaged substantially more genes than the 4 days old WS roots in orbit but also more than the 4 days old Sku5 roots on the ground. Overall the 4 days old roots differentially expressed more genes in spaceflight relative to ground than the 8 days old roots of either genotype. Finally, the 4 days old Sku5 roots in orbit differ in 862 genes from the 8 days Sku5 roots in orbit while on the ground there is merely half of the number of genes differentially expressed between the 4 days and 8 days developmental stages of the Sku5 roots. APEX03-2 (Advanced Plant Experiment 03-2) also identified as TAGES-Isa (Transgenic Arabidopsis Gene Expression System—Intracellular Signaling Architecture) was launched on SpaceX mission CRS-5 on 10 January 2015. Dry, sterilized Arabidopsis seeds were planted aseptically on the surface of 10-cm2 solid media plates and remained dormant until removed from cold stowage and exposed to light at the initiation of the experiment on the ISS (International Space Station). The plates were grown in the Vegetable Production System (VPS/Veggie) hardware on the Columbus Module of the ISS with the overhead LED lighting of the VPS. At four or for the second experimental set at eight days, seedlings were harvested by an astronaut into KFT (Kennedy Fixation Tube) containing RNAlater solutions. Upon return to Earth, the harvested material was used to compare the transcriptomes of each genotype and each age using RNAseq technology. The patterns of gene expression was compared between treatments (spaceflight versus ground control) within each genotype of same age or between two ages within same genotype and within same treatment. For 4 day old roots 5-8 roots were combined to serve as one biological replica. For 8 day old roots 2-3 roots were used to form one biological replica. In each case the four biological replicas were used for the transcriptomic analysis.", "release_date": "2020-03-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-281/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Age", "Genotype" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "age", "Genotype" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-5" ], "flight_programs": [ "Internation Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Robert J Ferl" ], "publication_title": "Genetic dissection of the Arabidopsis spaceflight transcriptome: Are some responses dispensable for the physiological adaptation of plants to spaceflight?" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-282", "osd_num": 282, "identifiers": "GLDS-282", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-282", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/282", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/282" } }, "overview": { "title": "The Heat-Inducible Transcription Factor HsfA2 Enhances Anoxia Tolerance in Arabidopsis", "description": "Anoxia induces several heat shock proteins and a heat pre-treatment can acclimatize Arabidopsis seedlings to a subsequent anoxic treatment. In this work we analyzed the response of Arabidopsis seedlings to anoxia, heat and a combined heat+anoxia stress. A significant overlapping between the anoxic and heat shock responses has been observed by whole-genome microarray analysis. Overall design: We treated Arabidopsis seedling, 4-days old, dark germinated with: Control (23C, dark, liquid Murashige-Skoog medium containing 30mM sucrose). Heat-treated (38C for 90 minutes, dark, liquid Murashige-Skoog medium containing 30mM sucrose). Anoxia-treated (23C, under anoxia for 6h, dark, liquid Murashige-Skoog medium containing 30mM sucrose). Combined heat+Anoxia-treatment (23C, treated at 38C for 90 min and thereafter under anoxia for 6h, dark, liquid Murashige-Skoog medium containing 30mM sucrose). Two biological replicates for each condition.", "release_date": "2010-01-20", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-282/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [ "Seedlings" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Treatment" ], "types": [ "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Valeria Fabrizio Elena Amedeo Pierdomenico Banti Mafessoni Loreti Alpi Perata" ], "publication_title": "The Heat-Inducible Transcription Factor HsfA2 Enhances Anoxia Tolerance in Arabidopsis" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-283", "osd_num": 283, "identifiers": "GLDS-283", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-283", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/283", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/283" } }, "overview": { "title": "Dynamic gene expression response to altered gravity in human myelomonocytic U937 cells [parabolic]", "description": "We investigated differentially regulated genes in human myelomonocytic U937 cells in 20s and 5min microgravity and in hypergravity and compared expression profiles to identify potential gravity-regulated genes and adaptation processes. Overall design: Human myelomonocytic U937 cells were exposed to altered gravity during a parabolic flight.", "release_date": "2018-10-16", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-283/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Nimblegen" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Altered Gravity" ], "types": [ "Gravity", "Altered" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "Airbus A300 ZERO-G (reg. no. F-BUAD)" ], "space_programs": [ "German Aerospace Center (DLR)" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Cora S Thiel" ], "publication_title": "Expression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1a (HIF-1a) and Genes of Related Pathways in Altered Gravity Rapid coupling between gravitational forces and the transcriptome in human myelomonocytic U937 cells Transcriptional Homeostasis of Oxidative Stress-Related Pathways in Altered Gravity" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-285", "osd_num": 285, "identifiers": "GLDS-285", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-285", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/285", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/285" } }, "overview": { "title": "Chronic low dose-rate radiation down-regulates transcription related to mitosis and chromosomal movement similar to acute high dose in prostate cells.", "description": "Despite concerns over risks from exposure to low-dose ionizing radiations encountered in the environment and workplace, the molecular consequences of these exposures, particularly at representative doses and dose-rates, remains poorly understood. Using a novel flood source construct, we performed a direct comparison of genome-wide gene expression regulations resulting from exposure of primary human prostate fibroblast cultures to acute (10 cGy and 200 cGy) and longer-term chronic (1.0-2.45 cGy cumulative over 24 h) exposures. Expression profiling showed significant differential regulation of 396 genes with no measureable changes in the acute 10 cGy dose. However, there were 106 genes in common between samples given an acute 200 cGy dose compared to those given chronic doses, most of which were decreased and related to cell cycle or chromosomal movement in M-phase. Biological pathway analysis showed decreases in cell cycle, chromosomal movement, cell survival and DNA replication, recombination and repair as well as a predicted activation of transcriptional regulators TP53, RB1 and CDKN2A. In agreement with these results, prostate epithelial cells given 200 cGy or chronic doses displayed functional decreases in proliferation and mitotic cells. In summary, we showed a contrast to the common observation of constant or reduced effect per unit dose as the dose (acute) was diminished, that even very low total doses delivered chronically could rival the perturbing effect of acute doses 100 times as intense. Underscored is the importance of the means of dose delivery, shown to be as important as dose size when considering biologic effect.", "release_date": "2013-12-20", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-285/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Absorbed Radiation Dose", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "absorbed radiation dose", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "J. Tyson Christine Heather Michael Douglas Aleksandr Giannoula Lakka Ingolf Lynn McDonald Briggs Szelag Peluso Schneider Perepletchikov Klement Tuerk Hlatky" ], "publication_title": "Chronic low dose-rate radiation down-regulates transcription related to mitosis and chromosomal movement similar to acute high dose in prostate cells." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-286", "osd_num": 286, "identifiers": "GLDS-286", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-286", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/286", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/286" } }, "overview": { "title": "CRV vehicles meta-genome", "description": "Metagenome analysis of ISS cargo resupply vehicles (CRV)", "release_date": "2018-04-02", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-286/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "Metagenomic sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Treatment", "Sample Location" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "treatment", "Sample Location" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-5" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)", "people": [ "Kasthuri Venkateswaran" ], "publication_title": "Assessing the Risk of Transfer of Microorganisms at the International Space Station Due to Cargo Delivery by Commercial Resupply Vehicles." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-287", "osd_num": 287, "identifiers": "GLDS-287", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-287", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/287", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/287" } }, "overview": { "title": "Murine TCR-beta repertoire sequencing", "description": "The purpose of this project was to determine the effects of chronic exposure to unpredictable mild socio-environmental stressors during gestation on the TCR-beta repertoire of newborn mice.", "release_date": "2018-05-09", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-287/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "thymus" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "Targeted Transcriptome Sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Treatment", "Sex" ], "types": [ "treatment", "sex" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "French National Space Agency" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Jean-Pol Frippiat" ], "publication_title": "Socioenvironmental stressors encountered during spaceflight partially affect the murine TCR-beta repertoire and increase its self-reactivity" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-288", "osd_num": 288, "identifiers": "GLDS-288", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-288", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/288", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/288" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptome analysis of murine spleen in space", "description": "Our study aims to comprehensively understand effects induced by the space environment on mammals. To achieve this aim, we analyze the male mice housed under environments as the artificial gravity and the microgravity (space environment) in Japanese Experiment Module JEM) of the International Space Station (ISS) on orbit for 35 days. After recovered these mice on the ground, transcriptome analysis by next-generation sequencing technology is performed about spleen to examine alteration of gene expression in the space.", "release_date": "2019-06-18", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-288/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Spleen" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Altered Gravity" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Gravity", "Altered" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-9" ], "flight_programs": [ "Internation Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "JAXA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Horie Taishin Kenta Akiyama" ], "publication_title": "Down-regulation of GATA1-dependent erythrocyte-related genes in the spleens of mice exposed to a space travel." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-289", "osd_num": 289, "identifiers": "GLDS-289", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-289", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/289", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/289" } }, "overview": { "title": "Impact of spaceflight on gene expression in the thymus", "description": "The thymus undergoes atrophy during spaceflight. In this study, we analyzed gene expression of the thymus of mice on board International space station to elucidate molecular aspects of the thymic atrophy by spaceflight.", "release_date": "2020-01-04", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-289/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "thymus" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Altered Gravity", "Space Mission" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Gravity", "Altered", "Space Mission" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-9 SpaceX-12" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "JAXA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Hiroshi Taishin Ohno Akiyama" ], "publication_title": "Impact of spaceflight on the murine thymus and mitigation by exposure to artificial gravity during spaceflight" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-290", "osd_num": 290, "identifiers": "GLDS-290", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-290", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/290", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/290" } }, "overview": { "title": "Lower eukaryotic isolates belonging to class Tremellomycetes isolated from International Space Station Genome sequencing and assembly", "description": "Genome sequencing and assembly of lower Eukaryotic isolates belonging to class Tremellomycetes isolated from International Space Station", "release_date": "2020-04-06", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-290/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Naganishia sp.", "Naganishia adeliensis", "Papiliotrema laurentii", "Naganishia albida" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "nucleotide sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "genome sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NovaSeq 6000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Strain" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "strain" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)", "people": [ "Kasthuri Swati Nitin K Venkateswaran Bijlani Singh" ], "publication_title": "Draft Genome Sequences of Tremellomycetes strains Isolated from the International Space Station" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-291", "osd_num": 291, "identifiers": "GLDS-291", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-291", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/291", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/291" } }, "overview": { "title": "Kineosporiaceae bacterium B12, whole genome shotgun sequencing project", "description": "Rubinsicoccus jplei genome, a novel genus isolated from JPL spacecraft environment where Mars 2020 subsystems are assembled.", "release_date": "2020-04-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-291/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Rubinsicoccus jepli" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "nucleotide sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "genome sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina HiSeq 2500" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Strain" ], "types": [ "strain" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Kasthuri Jason Venkateswaran Wood" ], "publication_title": "Description of chloramphenicol resistant Rubinsicoccus jepli gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Kineosporiaceae, isolated from a spacecraft assembly facility" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-293", "osd_num": 293, "identifiers": "GLDS-293", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-293", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/293", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/293" } }, "overview": { "title": "Draft Genome sequences of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa isolated from the International space station", "description": "Draft Genome sequences of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa isolated from the International space station.", "release_date": "2020-05-15", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-293/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Rhodotorula mucilaginosa" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "nucleotide sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "genome sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NovaSeq 6000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Strain" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "strain" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "Internation Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)", "people": [ "Kasthuri Robert Venkateswaran Daudu" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-294", "osd_num": 294, "identifiers": "GLDS-294", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-294", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/294", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/294" } }, "overview": { "title": "Efficient Identification of Multiple Pathways: RNA-Seq Analysis of Livers from 56Fe Ion Irradiated Mice", "description": "Background: mRNA interactions with each other and other signaling molecules define different biological pathways and functions. Researchers have been investigating various tools to analyze these types of interactions. In particular, gene co-expression network methods have proved useful in finding and analyzing these molecular interactions. Many different analytical pipelines to identify these interactions networks have been proposed with the aim of identifying an optimal partition of the network where the individual modules are neither too small to make any general inference or too large to be biologically interpretable. Results: In this study, we propose a new pipeline to perform gene co-expression network analysis. The proposed pipeline uses WGCNA, a widely used software to perform different aspects of gene co-expression network analysis and modularity maximization algorithm to analyze novel RNA-Seq data to understand the effects of low-dose 56Fe ion irradiation on the formation of hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. The network results along with experimental validation show that using WGCNA combined with Modularity provide a more biologically interpretable network in our dataset. Our pipeline showed better performance than the existing clustering algorithm in WGCNA in finding modules and identified a module with mitochondrial subunits that are supported by mitochondrial complex assay. Conclusions: We present a pipeline that can reduce the problem of parameter selection with the existing algorithm in WGCNA for comparable RNA-Seq datasets which may assist in future research to discover novel mRNA interactions and their downstream molecular effects. C57BL16 males were placed into 2 treatment groups and received the following irradiation treatments at Brookhaven National Laboratories (Long Island, NY): 600 MeV/n 56Fe (0.2 Gy), and no irradiation. Left liver lobes were collected at 30, 60, 120, 270, and 360 days post-irradiation, flash frozen and stored at -80C until they could be processed for RNA-Seq. Livers were sampled by taking two 40-micron thick slices using a cryotome at -20C. This allowed multiple sampling of the tissue without the tissue going through multiple freeze/thaw cycles. Total RNA was isolated from the liver slices using RNAqueousTM Total RNA Isolation Kit (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) and rRNA was removed via Ribo-ZeroTM rRNA Removal Kit (Illumina, San Diego, CA) prior to library preparation with the Illumina TruSeq RNA Library kit. Samples were sequenced in a paired-end 50 base format on an Illumina HiSeq 1500. Reads were aligned to the mouse GRCm38 reference genome using the STAR alignment program, version 2.5.3a, with the recommended ENCODE options. The -quantMode GeneCounts option was used to obtain read counts per gene based on the Gencode release M14 annotation file. Total number of reads used in analysis varies between 23-35 millions of reads.", "release_date": "2022-03-03", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-294/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Left Lobe of the Liver" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ], "types": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Anna M. Mark R M Nia Emmett" ], "publication_title": "Efficient identification of multiple pathways: RNA-Seq analysis of livers from 56Fe ion irradiated mice" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-295", "osd_num": 295, "identifiers": "GLDS-295", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-295", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/295", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/295" } }, "overview": { "title": "RNA-Seq transcriptome profiling of soleus from adult and aged mice following disuse muscle atrophy and recovery", "description": "Rodent hind limb unloading was used as a model for reduced muscle activity and eventual atrophy. After a 10 day period of unloading, mice in this study were “reloaded” for 3 days and regained use of their hind limbs. We report the application of Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology for high-throughput profiling of mRNA in soleus muscle of adult (6 mo) and aged (22-24 mo) mice. Our goal was to determine the effects of hind limb unloading and reloading on mRNA profiles in soleus muscle and compare between adult and aged mice. We find that there are distinct response in the profile of fatty acid oxidation, TCA cycle, ETC oxidative phosphorylation gene expression patterns in response to unloading and reloading. The responses are generally similar between young and old mice.", "release_date": "2018-05-15", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-295/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Soleus" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Hindlimb Unloading", "Age", "Hindlimb Reloading Duration" ], "types": [ "Hindlimb Suspension", "age", "Hindlimb Reloading Duration" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Paul M Coen" ], "publication_title": "Impaired Mitochondrial Energetics Characterize Poor Early Recovery of Muscle Mass Following Hind Limb Unloading in Old Mice." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-296", "osd_num": 296, "identifiers": "GLDS-296", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-296", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/296", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/296" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcription profiling of Arabidopsis seedings exposed to UV-B irradiation", "description": "Interaction of COP1 and UVR8, which regulate UV-B-induced photomorphogenesis and stress acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana.", "release_date": "2009-11-30", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-296/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Genotype", "Treatment", "Light", "Time" ], "types": [ "Genotype", "treatment", "Light", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Roman Ulm" ], "publication_title": "Interaction of COP1 and UVR8 regulates UV-B-induced photomorphogenesis and stress acclimation in Arabidopsis" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-297", "osd_num": 297, "identifiers": "GLDS-297", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-297", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/297", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/297" } }, "overview": { "title": "Dynamic gene expression response to altered gravity in human myelomonocytic U937 cells [sounding rocket]", "description": "We investigated differentially regulated genes in human myelomonocytic U937 cells in 20s and 5min microgravity and in hypergravity and compared expression profiles to identify potential gravity-regulated genes and adaptation processes. Overall design: Human myelomonocytic U937 cells were exposed to altered gravity during a sounding rocket mission.", "release_date": "2018-10-16", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-297/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Nimblegen" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Altered Gravity", "Treatment" ], "types": [ "Gravity", "Altered", "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "TEXUS-49 and TEXUS-51" ], "space_programs": [ "ESRANGE (European Space and Sounding Rocket Range) Space Center" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Cora S Thiel" ], "publication_title": "Expression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1a (HIF-1a) and Genes of Related Pathways in Altered Gravity Rapid coupling between gravitational forces and the transcriptome in human myelomonocytic U937 cells Transcriptional Homeostasis of Oxidative Stress-Related Pathways in Altered Gravity" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-298", "osd_num": 298, "identifiers": "GLDS-298", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-298", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/298", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/298" } }, "overview": { "title": "Draft Genome Sequences of Sphingomonas sp. Isolated from the International Space Station Genome sequencing and assembly", "description": "Draft Genome Sequences of Sphingomonas sp. Isolated from the International Space Station", "release_date": "2020-05-09", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-298/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Sphingomonas sanguinis", "Sphingobacterium paucimobilis" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "nucleotide sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "genome sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NovaSeq 6000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Strain", "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "strain", "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)", "people": [ "Kasthuri Swati Venkateswaran Bijlani" ], "publication_title": "Draft Genome Sequences of Sphingomonas species Associated with the International Space Station" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-299", "osd_num": 299, "identifiers": "GLDS-299", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-299", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/299", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/299" } }, "overview": { "title": "Sphingomonas Metagenomic assembly", "description": "Metagenome Assembled Genome (MAG) of Sphingomonas sanguinis from the International Space Station metagenome", "release_date": "2020-07-20", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-299/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Sphingomonas sanguinis" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "Metagenomic sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Venkateswaran Bijlani Kasthuri Swati" ], "publication_title": "Detection of antimicrobial resistance genes associated with the International Space Station environmental surfaces Metagenome to phenome approach enables isolation and genomics characterization of Kalamiella piersonii gen. nov., sp. nov. from the International Space Station" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-300", "osd_num": 300, "identifiers": "GLDS-300", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-300", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/300", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/300" } }, "overview": { "title": "Draft Genome Sequences of Members of the family Methylobacteriaceae Associated with the International Space Station", "description": "Draft Genome Sequences of isolates belonging to family Methylobacteriaceae Isolated from the International Space Station", "release_date": "2021-01-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-300/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Methylobacterium sp.", "Methylorubrum rhodesianum" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "nucleotide sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "genome sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NovaSeq 6000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Strain" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "strain" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Kasthuri Swati Venkateswaran Bijlani" ], "publication_title": "Draft Genome Sequences of Members of the family Methylobacteriaceae Associated with the International Space Station" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-301", "osd_num": 301, "identifiers": "GLDS-301", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-301", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/301", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/301" } }, "overview": { "title": "Eruca sativa Rocket Science RNA-seq", "description": "In the 'Rocket Science' citizen science project Eruca sativa (salad rocket) seeds stored for six months on board of the International Space Station caused delayed crop establishment. Here we investigated the physiological and molecular mechanisms underpinning the spaceflight effects on dry seeds. We found that 'Space' seed germination vigor was reduced and aging sensitivity increased, but the spaceflight did not compromise seed viability and the development of normal seedlings. Comparative analysis of the transcriptomes (using RNASeq) in dry seeds and upon controlled artificial aging treatment (CAAT) revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with spaceflight and ageing. DEG categories enriched by spaceflight and CAAT included transcription and translation with reduced transcript abundances for 40S and 60S ribosomal subunit genes. Among the 'spaceflight-up' DEGs were Heat Shock Protein (HSP), DNAJ-related chaperones, a Heat Shock Factor (HSFA7a-like), and components of several DNA repair pathways (e.g. ATM, DNA ligase1). The 'response to radiation' category was especially enriched in 'spaceflight-up' DEGs including HSPs, catalases and the transcription factor HY5. The major finding from the physiological and transcriptome analysis is that spaceflight causes vigor loss and partial ageing during air-dry seed storage, for which space environmental factors and consequences for seed storage during spaceflights are discussed.", "release_date": "2020-04-30", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-301/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Eruca vesicaria" ], "material_types": [ "Seeds" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Treatment" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "Soyuz 44S" ], "flight_programs": [ "Internation Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "UK Space Agency", "the European Space Agency (ESA)" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Stefan A Rensing" ], "publication_title": "Rocket Science: The Effect of Spaceflight on Germination Physiology, Ageing, and Transcriptome of Eruca sativa Seeds" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-302", "osd_num": 302, "identifiers": "GLDS-302", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-302", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/302", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/302" } }, "overview": { "title": "ISS Enterobacteriales Genomes", "description": "The microbial tracking-1 (MT-1) investigation allowed the characterization of the microbial population aboard the International Space Station (ISS).", "release_date": "2020-05-31", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-302/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Enterobacter bugandensis", "Pantoea brenneri", "Klebsiella quasipneumoniae" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "nucleotide sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "genome sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NovaSeq 6000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Strain" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "strain" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "Internation Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)", "people": [ "Kasthuri Achintya Venkateswaran Bharadwaj" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-303", "osd_num": 303, "identifiers": "GLDS-303", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-303", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/303", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/303" } }, "overview": { "title": "ISS Bacillus Genomes", "description": "SRA of spore forming Bacillus strains isolated from various areas of the ISS during Microbial tracking investigation", "release_date": "2020-06-15", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-303/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Bacillus cereus thuringiensis", "Bacillus amyloliquefaciens", "Paenibacillus polymyxa", "Thermus amyloliquefaciens", "Bacillus firmus" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "nucleotide sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "genome sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NovaSeq 6000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Strain" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "strain" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "Internation Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)", "people": [ "Kasthuri Robert Venkateswaran Daudu" ], "publication_title": "Draft Genome Sequences of Bacillaceae strains isolated from International Space Station" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-304", "osd_num": 304, "identifiers": "GLDS-304", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-304", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/304", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/304" } }, "overview": { "title": "Global gene expression in response to X rays in mice deficient in Parp1", "description": "There is a current interest in the development of biodosimetric methods for rapidly assessing radiation exposure in the wake of a large-scale radiological event. The initial focus of this work has largely centered on determining the exposure dose to an individual using biological indicators. Gene expression signatures are showing promise for biodosimetric application, but little is known about how these signatures might translate for the assessment of radiological injury in radiosensitive individuals, who comprise a significant fraction of the general population, and who would likely require treatment following lower doses. Using Parp1-/- mice as a model radiation sensitive genotype, we have investigated the effect of this DNA repair deficiency on the gene expression response to radiation. Although Parp1 is known to play general roles in regulating transcription, the pattern of gene expression changes observed 24 h after exposure to a potentially lethal LD50 dose of radiation was remarkably similar in the two genotypes, and indicated similar levels of activation of both the p53 and NFκB radiation response pathways. In contrast, exposure of wild-type mice to a sub-lethal dose that was equal to the LD50 dose given to the Parp1-/- mice, resulted in a reduced gene expression response. Gene expression classifiers trained on the wild-type data correctly identified all wild-type samples as unexposed, exposed to a sub-lethal dose, or exposed to a potentially lethal dose. All unexposed samples from the Parp1-/- mice were also correctly classified, and 80% of the irradiated samples were identified as exposed to a potentially lethal dose. The results of this study suggest that, at least for some genotypes, gene expression has the potential to accurately detect the extent of radiological injury, rather than being useful only as a surrogate of physical radiation dose.", "release_date": "2020-08-28", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-304/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Blood" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Absorbed Radiation Dose", "Genotype" ], "types": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "absorbed radiation dose", "Genotype" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Sally Amundson" ], "publication_title": "Gene Expression in Parp1 Deficient Mice Exposed to a Median Lethal Dose of Gamma Rays" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-305", "osd_num": 305, "identifiers": "GLDS-305", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-305", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/305", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/305" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptomic responses of Serratia liquefaciens cells grown under simulated Martian conditions of low temperature, low pressure, and CO2-enriched anoxic atmosphere.", "description": "Results from previous experiments indicated that the Gram-negative a-proteobacterium Serratia liquefaciens strain ATCC 27592 was capable of growth under low temperature (0C), low pressure (0.7 kPa), and anoxic, CO2-dominated atmosphere--conditions intended to simulate the near-subsurface environment of Mars (Schuerger A.C. et al., Astrobiology 13: 115-131, 2013). To probe the response of its transcriptome to this extreme environment, S. liquefaciens ATCC 27592 was cultivated under 4 different environmental simulations: 0C, 0.7 kPa, CO2 atmosphere (Condition A); 0C, ~101.3 kPa, CO2 atmosphere (Condition B); 0C, ~101.3 kPa, ambient N2/O2 atmosphere (Condition C); and 30C, ~101.3 kPa, N2/O2 atmosphere (Condition D; ambient laboratory conditions). RNA-seq was performed on ribosomal RNA-depleted total RNA isolated from triplicate cultures grown under Conditions A-D and the datasets generated were subjected to transcriptome analyses. The data from Conditions A, B, or C were compared to laboratory Condition D. Significantly differentially expressed transcripts were identified belonging to a number of KEGG pathway categories. Up-regulated genes under all Conditions A, B, and C included those encoding transporters (ABC and PTS transporters); genes involved in translation (ribosomes and their biogenesis, biosynthesis of both tRNAs and aminoacyl-tRNAs); DNA repair and recombination; and non-coding RNAs. Genes down-regulated under all Conditions A, B, and C included: transporters (mostly ABC transporters); flagellar and motility proteins; genes involved in phenylalanine metabolism; transcription factors; and two-component systems. The results are discussed in the context of Mars astrobiology and planetary protection.", "release_date": "2020-08-27", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-305/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Serratia liquefaciens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Temperature", "Atmospheric Pressure", "Atmospheric Composition" ], "types": [ "temperature", "pressure", "CO2 Concentration" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Wayne Nicholson" ], "publication_title": "Transcriptomic responses of Serratia liquefaciens cells grown under simulated Martian conditions of low temperature, low pressure, and CO2-enriched anoxic atmosphere" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-306", "osd_num": 306, "identifiers": "GLDS-306", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-306", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/306", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/306" } }, "overview": { "title": "Draft Genome Sequences of novel Agrobacterium genomospecies 3 Associated from the International Space Station", "description": "The whole-genome sequences (WGS) of three pathogenic bacterial strains collected from the International Space Station (ISS) were generated and identified as being part of Class Alphaproteobacteria. The WGS studies would enable further genomic/biochemical characterization of taxa for these bacteria that have been subjected to the microgravity conditions of space.", "release_date": "2022-09-15", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/genelab/img/GLDS306__study_image.png" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Agrobacterium genomosp. 3" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "nucleotide sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "genome sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NovaSeq 6000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Strain" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "strain" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "Internation Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)", "people": [ "Kasthuri Achintya Venkateswaran Bharadwaj" ], "publication_title": "Comparative Genomics of Novel Agrobacterium G3 Strains Isolated From the International Space Station and Description of Agrobacterium tomkonis sp. nov." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-307", "osd_num": 307, "identifiers": "GLDS-307", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-307", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/307", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/307" } }, "overview": { "title": "Evaluating the Lettuce Metatranscriptome with MinION Sequencing for Future Spaceflight Food Production Application", "description": "Healthy plants are vital for successful, long-duration missions in space, as they provide the crew with life support, food production, and psychological benefits. The microorganisms that associate with plant tissues play a critical role in improving plant growth, health, and production. To that end, it is necessary to develop methodologies that investigate the metabolic activities of the plant’s microbiome in orbit to enable rapid responses regarding the care of plants in space. In this study, we developed a protocol to characterize the endophytic and epiphytic microbial metatranscriptome of red romaine lettuce, a key salad crop that was grown under International Space Station (ISS)-like conditions. Microbial transcripts enriched from host-microbe total RNA were sequenced using the Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencing platform. Results showed that this enrichment approach was highly reproducible and effective for rapid on-site detection of microbial transcriptional activity. Taxonomic analysis based on 16S and 18S rRNA transcripts identified that the top five most abundant phyla in the lettuce microbiome were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Ascomycota. The metatranscriptomic analysis identified the expression of genes involved in many metabolic pathways, including carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, and signal transduction. Network analyses of the expression data show that, within the signal transduction pathway of the fungal community, the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase signaling pathway was tightly regulated across all samples and could be a potential driver for fungal proliferation. Our results demonstrated the feasibility of using MinION-based metatranscriptomics of enriched microbial RNA as a method for rapid, on-site monitoring of the transcriptional activity of crop microbiomes, thereby helping to facilitate and maintain plant health for on-orbit space food production.", "release_date": "2021-08-11", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-307/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [ "leaf" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "metatranscriptome sequencing assay" ], "platforms": [ "MinION" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Relative Humidity", "CO2 Concentration", "Temperature" ], "types": [ "relative humidity", "CO2 Concentration", "temperature" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Natasha Christina Anirudha Artemis Gioia Kasthuri Jamie J S S Haveman Khodadad Dixit Louyakis Massa Venkateswaran Foster" ], "publication_title": "Evaluating the lettuce metatranscriptome with MinION sequencing for future spaceflight food production applications." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-309", "osd_num": 309, "identifiers": "GLDS-309", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-309", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/309", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/309" } }, "overview": { "title": "Comparative Genomic Analysis of Klebsiella Exposed to Various Space Conditions at the International Space Station", "description": "Due to the bacteria's evolved resistance to radiation, Klebsiella poses a great threat to not only planetary protection, but also to the integrity of future biological experiments in outer space. While previous literature has shown varying degrees of sensitivity in klebsiella to a high radiation environment, not much is known about the genetic component that yields this microbial advantage. Our research objective is to pinpoint the genetic advantage some Klebsiella species acquire as they are exposed to a space-like environment through a comparison of whole genomes sequences to better control microbial contamination onboard the ISS.", "release_date": "2020-08-12", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-309/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Klebsiella quasipneumoniae", "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "Klebsiella aerogenes" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "nucleotide sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "genome sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NovaSeq 6000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Strain" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "strain" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Kasthuri Samuel Venkateswaran Solomon" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-311", "osd_num": 311, "identifiers": "GLDS-311", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-311", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/311", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/311" } }, "overview": { "title": "Part two: ISS Enterobacteriales", "description": "The microbial tracking-1 (MT-1) investigation allowed the characterization of the microbial population aboard the International Space Station (ISS).", "release_date": "2020-07-31", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-311/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Enterobacter bugandensis", "Kalamiella piersonii", "Pantoea brenneri", "Pantoea agglomerans" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "nucleotide sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "genome sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NovaSeq 6000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Strain" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "strain" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "Internation Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)", "people": [ "Kasthuri Achintya Venkateswaran Bharadwaj" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-313", "osd_num": 313, "identifiers": "GLDS-313", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-313", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/313", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/313" } }, "overview": { "title": "Dissecting transcriptional responses of nucleolin mutants to red light stimulation and darkness in ground reference conditions", "description": "Understanding plant adaptive responses to the space environment is a requisite for enabling space farming. Spaceflight produce deleterious effects on plant cells, particularly affecting ribosome biogenesis, a complex stress-sensitive process coordinated with cell division and differentiation, known to be activated by red light. Here, we have used mutants from the two nucleolin genes in Arabidopsis (NUC1 and NUC2), encoding the main regulator of the ribosome biogenesis in the nucleolus, in order to better understand their role in adaptive response mechanisms to stress. Thus, we show that nucleolin stress-related gene NUC2 can compensate the environmental stress provided by darkness in nuc1 plants, while nuc2 plants are not able to provide a complete response to red light. These ground control findings, as part of the ESA/NASA Seedling Growth spaceflight experiments will determine the basis for the identification of a genetic background enabling an adaptive advantage for plants in future space experiments.", "release_date": "2020-10-22", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-313/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Genotype", "Treatment" ], "types": [ "Genotype", "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "ESA", "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "F. Javier Raul John Julio Aranzazu Alicia Z Medina Herranz Kiss Saez-Vasquez Manzano Villacampa" ], "publication_title": "The Importance of Earth Reference Controls in Spaceflight -Omics Research: Characterization of Nucleolin Mutants from the Seedling Growth Experiments." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-314", "osd_num": 314, "identifiers": "GLDS-314", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-314", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/314", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/314" } }, "overview": { "title": "Adaptive response of Arabidopsis seedlings in microgravity and Mars reduced gravity environment is enhanced by red light photostimulation", "description": "The response of plants to the spaceflight environment and microgravity is still not well understood, although there has been an increased emphasis on this topic. Even less is known about plants' response to partial or reduced gravity levels. In the absence of the directional cues provided by the gravity vector, the plant is especially perceptive to other cues such as light. Here, we investigate the response of Arabidopsis thaliana 6-day-old seedlings to microgravity and the Mars partial gravity level during spaceflight, as well as the effects of red light photostimulation by determining meristematic cell growth and proliferation. These experiments involve microscopic techniques together with transcriptomic studies. We demonstrate that microgravity and partial gravity trigger differential responses. The microgravity environment activates hormonal routes responsible for proliferation/growth and upregulates plastid/mitochondrial-encoded transcripts, even in the dark. In contrast, the Mars gravity level inhibits these routes and activates responses to stress factors to restore cell growth parameters only when red photostimulation is provided. This response is accompanied by upregulation of numerous transcription factors such as the environmental acclimation-related WRKY family. In the long term, these discoveries can be applied in the design of bioregenerative life support systems and space farming.", "release_date": "2021-01-20", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-314/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [ "Seedlings" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Altered Gravity", "Light" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Gravity", "Altered", "light" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-4 SpaceX-6" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "ESA", "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Raul F. Javier John Alicia Aranzazu Malgorzata Joshua Z P Herranz Medina Kiss Villacampa Manzano Ciska Vandenbrink" ], "publication_title": "From Spaceflight to Mars g-Levels: Adaptive Response of A. Thaliana Seedlings in a Reduced Gravity Environment Is Enhanced by Red-Light Photostimulation" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-315", "osd_num": 315, "identifiers": "GLDS-315", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-315", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/315", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/315" } }, "overview": { "title": "Comparative proteomic analysis and bioluminescent reporter gene assays to investigate effects of simulated microgravity on Caco-2 cells", "description": "Microgravity is one of the most important features in spaceflight. Previous evidence has shown that significant changes to the musculoskeletal and immune systems occurred under microgravity. The present study was undertaken to explore the change in protein abundance in human colon colorectal cells that were incubated for 48 or 72 h either in normal conditions and µG simulated conditions. The comparative proteomic method based on the 18O labeling technique was applied to investigate the up-regulated proteins and down-regulated proteins in SH-SY5Y under simulated microgravity.", "release_date": "2017-07-26", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-315/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein expression profiling" ], "platforms": [ "LTQ Orbitrap Elite" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Microgravity Simulation", "Time" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Aldo Riccardo Zenezini Laganà Chiozzi" ], "publication_title": "Proteomic analysis and bioluminescent reporter gene assays to investigate effects of simulated microgravity on Caco-2 cells" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-316", "osd_num": 316, "identifiers": "GLDS-316", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-316", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/316", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/316" } }, "overview": { "title": "Plasticity of the human IgM repertoire in response to a long-term spaceflight", "description": "Immune dysregulation is among the main adverse outcomes of spaceflight. Despite its crucial role in host protection, effects on the human antibody repertoire are unknown. Consequently, we examined the IgM repertoire of five cosmonauts 25 days before launch, after 64 and 129 days spent on the International Space Station (ISS), and after 1, 7 and 30 days of Earth reambulation using high-throughput sequencing. This is the first study of this kind. Our data revealed that the IgM repertoire of cosmonauts was different from the one of control subjects already prior to launch, and that 2 out the 5 analyzed cosmonauts presented significant changes of their IgM repertoire during the mission. These modifications persisted up to 30 days after landing, likely affected the specificities of IgM binding sites, correlated with changes of the V(D)J recombination process in charge of creating functional antibody genes, and coincided with a higher stress response. These data confirm that about half of the astronauts who spent six months on the ISS are subjected to immunological changes, contribute to explain increased susceptibility to infection, reveal individual responses and consequently that personalized approaches should be implemented during future deep-space exploration missions that will endure for an unprecedented amount of time.", "release_date": "2020-05-26", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-316/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Whole blood" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina MiSeq" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Study Subject", "Time" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Study Subject", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Jean-Pol Frippiat" ], "publication_title": "Plasticity of the human IgM repertoire in response to long-term spaceflight" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-317", "osd_num": 317, "identifiers": "GLDS-317", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-317", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/317", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/317" } }, "overview": { "title": "Galactic cosmic radiation induces stable epigenome alterations relevant to human lung cancer", "description": "Human deep space and planetary travel is limited by uncertainties regarding the health risks associated with exposure to galactic cosmic radiation (GCR), and in particular the high linear energy transfer (LET), heavy ion component. Here we assessed the impact of two high-LET ions 56Fe and 28Si, and low-LET X rays on genome-wide methylation patterns in human bronchial epithelial cells. We found that all three radiation types induced rapid and stable changes in DNA methylation but at distinct subsets of CpG sites affecting different chromatin compartments. The 56Fe ions induced mostly hypermethylation, and primarily affected sites in open chromatin regions including enhancers, promoters and edges ('shores') of CpG islands. The 28Si ion-exposure had mixed effects, inducing both hyper and hypomethylation and affecting sites in more repressed heterochromatic environments, whereas X rays induced mostly hypomethylation, primarily at sites in gene bodies and intergenic regions. Significantly, the methylation status of 56Fe ion irradiation sensitive sites, but not those affected by X ray or 28Si ions, could discriminate tumor from normal tissue for human lung adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas. Thus, high LET radiation exposure leaves a lasting imprint on the epigenome, and affects sites relevant to human lung cancer. The 56Fe ion signature may prove useful in monitoring the cumulative biological impact and associated cancer risks encountered by astronauts in deep space. Genome wide DNA methylation profiling of normal human bronchial epithelial cells irradiated with varying doses of 28Si-ion radiation ( 300 MeV/u at 0, 0.3, 1.0 Gy) , 56Fe-ion radiation (600 MeV/u at 0, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0 Gy) or X rays (320 kV at 0, 1.0 Gy). Triplicate control and irradiated samples were incubated and sampled at 4 timepoints between 2 and 62 days. The Illumina Infinium 450k Human DNA methylation Beadchip was used to obtain DNA methylation profiles across >485,000 CpGs from collected samples. Samples include: 56Fe ions, 4 doses x 4 time points x 3 replicates (4 removed in QC) = 44 samples; 28Si ions = 3 doses x 4 time points x 3 replicates = 36 samples; X ray, 2 doses x 4 time points x 3 replicates (2 removed in QC)= 22 samples. Overall design: Bisulphite converted DNA from the 102 samples were hybridized to the Illumina Infinium 450k Human Methylation Beadchip.", "release_date": "2017-12-19", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-317/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "DNA methylation profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina Infinium 450K Human Methylation Beadchip" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Absorbed Radiation Dose", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment", "Ionizing Radiation" ], "types": [ "absorbed radiation dose", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment", "ionizing radiation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Elizabeth M Kennedy" ], "publication_title": "Galactic Cosmic Radiation Induces Persistent Epigenome Alterations Relevant to Human Lung Cancer" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-318", "osd_num": 318, "identifiers": "GLDS-318", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-318", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/318", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/318" } }, "overview": { "title": "RNA seq of tumors derived from irradiated versus sham hosts transplanted with Trp53 null mammary tissue and fed either Control diet versus Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) diet.", "description": "Irradiated hosts gave rise to significantly more Trp53 null mammary cancers that grew more rapidly than those in sham-irradiated mice and exhibited an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. CAPE prevented the effect of host irradiation on tumor growth rate, immune signature and immunosuppression.", "release_date": "2019-12-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-318/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Trp53 null Mammary Tumor" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Diet" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "diet" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Jade Mary Coral Lin Haoxu Irineu William Manan S Christopher Sandra Jian-Hua Kubra Michael L H Moore Barcellos-Hoff Omene Ma Ouyang Illa-Bochaca Chou Patel Sebastiano Demaria Mao Karagoz Gatza" ], "publication_title": "Aggressive Mammary Cancers Lacking Lymphocytic Infiltration Arise in Irradiated Mice and Can Be Prevented by Dietary Intervention" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-319", "osd_num": 319, "identifiers": "GLDS-319", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-319", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/319", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/319" } }, "overview": { "title": "Muscle atrophy, osteoporosis prevention in hibernating mammals", "description": "Physical inactivity decreases the mechanical load on the skeleton, which when prolonged leads to losses of muscle strength and bone mass in humans and most mammalian species. Hibernating mammals show no loss in bone mass and less muscle atrophy than would be anticipated over such a prolonged period of physical inactivity. This suggests that diverse hibernating mammals have evolved natural mechanisms that reduce muscle atrophy and conserve bone mass.", "release_date": "2018-07-18", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-319/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Urocitellus parryii" ], "material_types": [ "Quadriceps Muscle" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Time" ], "types": [ "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Anna Vadim B Goropashnaya Fedorov" ], "publication_title": "Transcriptional changes in muscle of hibernating arctic ground squirrels (Urocitellus parryii): implications for attenuation of disuse muscle atrophy Comparative functional genomics of adaptation to muscular disuse in hibernating mammals" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-320", "osd_num": 320, "identifiers": "GLDS-320", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-320", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/320", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/320" } }, "overview": { "title": "Gamma radiation and HZE treatment of seedlings in Arabidopsis", "description": "Plants exhibit a robust transcriptional response to gamma radiation which includes the induction of transcripts required for homologous recombination and the suppression of transcripts that promote cell cycle progression. Various DNA damaging agents induce different spectra of DNA damage as well as 'collateral' damage to other cellular components and therefore are not expected to provoke identical responses by the cell. Here we study the effects of two different types of ionizing radiation (IR) treatment, HZE (1 GeV Fe26+ high mass, high charge, and high energy relativistic particles) and gamma photons, on the transcriptome of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Both types of IR induce small clusters of radicals that can result in the formation of double strand breaks (DSBs), but HZE also produces linear arrays of extremely clustered damage. We performed these experiments across a range of time points (1.5-24 h after irradiation) in both wild-type plants and in mutants defective in the DSB-sensing protein kinase ATM. The two types of IR exhibit a shared double strand break-repair-related damage response, although they differ slightly in the timing, degree, and ATM-dependence of the response. The ATM-dependent, DNA metabolism-related transcripts of the 'DSB response' were also induced by other DNA damaging agents, but were not induced by conventional stresses. Both Gamma and HZE irradiation induced, at 24 h post-irradiation, ATM-dependent transcripts associated with a variety of conventional stresses; these were overrepresented for pathogen response, rather than DNA metabolism. In contrast, only HZE-irradiated plants, at 1.5 h after irradiation, exhibited an additional and very extensive transcriptional response, shared with plants experiencing 'extended night.' This response was not apparent in gamma-irradiated plants.", "release_date": "2014-09-18", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-320/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [ "Seedlings" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Genotype", "Time of sample collection after treatment", "Ionizing Radiation" ], "types": [ "Genotype", "Time of sample collection after treatment", "ionizing radiation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Anne Britt" ], "publication_title": "High atomic weight, high-energy radiation (HZE) induces transcriptional responses shared with conventional stresses in addition to a core 'DSB' response specific to clastogenic treatments" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-321", "osd_num": 321, "identifiers": "GLDS-321", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-321", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/321", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/321" } }, "overview": { "title": "Relevance of Unfolded Protein Response to Spaceflight-Induced Transcriptional Reprogramming in Arabidopsis", "description": "Plants are primary producers of food and oxygen on Earth and will likewise be indispensable to the establishment of large-scale sustainable ecosystems and human survival in space. To contribute to the understanding of how plants respond to spaceflight stresses, we examined the relevance of the unfolded protein response (UPR), a conserved signaling cascade that responds to a number of unfavorable environmental stresses, in the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana. To do so, we compared the transcriptional responses of wild type and UPR-defective seedlings to spaceflight during the SpaceX-CRS12 mission to the International Space Station. We established that orbital culture substantially altered the expression of hundreds of stress related genes compared to ground control conditions. Although many of these genes were differentially regulated in the UPR mutants in the ground control conditions compared to wild type, their expression was largely equalized in all genotypes by flight. Our results have yielded new information on how plants respond to growth in orbit and support the hypothesis that spaceflight induces the activation of signaling pathways that compensate for the loss of UPR regulators in the control of downstream transcriptional regulatory networks.", "release_date": "2021-01-09", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-321/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [ "Seedlings" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Genotype" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "genotype" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-12" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Federica Evan E Brandizzi Angelos" ], "publication_title": "Relevance of the Unfolded Protein Response to Spaceflight-Induced Transcriptional Reprogramming in Arabidopsis" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-322", "osd_num": 322, "identifiers": "GLDS-322", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-322", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/322", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/322" } }, "overview": { "title": "Comparative RNA-Seq transcriptome analyses reveal dynamic time dependent effects of 56Fe, 16O, and 28Si irradiation on the induction of murine hepatocellular carcinoma", "description": "One of the health risks posed to astronauts during deep space flights is exposure to high charge, high-energy (HZE) ions (Z>13) which can lead to induction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We performed comparative RNA-Seq transcriptomic analysis to assess the carcinogenic effects of 600 MeV/n 56Fe (0.2 Gy), 1 GeV/n 16O (0.2 Gy), and 350 MeV/n 28Si (0.2 Gy) ions in a mouse model for radiation-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. C3H/HeNCrl mice were subjected to total body irradiation to simulate space HZE-irradiation environment and liver tissues were extracted at five different time points post-irradiation to investigate the time-dependent gradual carcinogenic response at the transcriptomic level. Our data demonstrated a clear difference in the effects of these HZE ions, particularly immunological, on the carcinogenic process of HCC, suggesting different molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis. Also seen in this study was novel unmapped transcripts that were significantly affected by HZE. To investigate the biological functions of these transcripts, we used a machine learning technique known as self-organizing maps (SOMs) to characterize the transcriptome expression profiles of 60 samples (45 HZE-irradiated, 15 non-irradiated control) from liver tissues. A handful of localized modules in the maps emerged as groups of co-regulated and co-expressed transcripts. The functional context of these modules was discovered using overrepresentation analysis. We found that these spots typically contained enriched populations of transcripts related to specific immunological molecular processes. Taken together, these findings not only led to a better understanding of biological mechanisms underlying risks for HCC after HZE irradiation but also have important implications for discovery of potential countermeasures and identification of biomarkers of HZE-induced HCC.", "release_date": "2020-08-27", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-322/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Left lobe of liver" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Anna M. Kamil Brooke Robert George Mark R L Nia Khanipov Barnette Ullrich Golovko Emmett" ], "publication_title": "Comparative RNA-Seq transcriptome analyses reveal dynamic time-dependent effects of 56Fe, 16O, and 28Si irradiation on the induction of murine hepatocellular carcinoma." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-323", "osd_num": 323, "identifiers": "GLDS-323", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-323", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/323", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/323" } }, "overview": { "title": "Evaluating the effect of spaceflight on the host-pathogen interaction between human intestinal epithelial cells and Salmonella Typhimurium", "description": "Spaceflight uniquely alters the physiology of both human cells and microbial pathogens, stimulating cellular and molecular changes directly relevant to infectious disease. However, the influence of this environment on host-pathogen interactions remains poorly understood. Here we report our results from the STL-IMMUNE study flown aboard Space Shuttle mission STS-131, which investigated multi-omic responses (transcriptomic, proteomic) of human intestinal epithelial cells to infection with Salmonella Typhimurium when both host and pathogen were simultaneously exposed to spaceflight. To our knowledge, this was the first in-flight infection and dual RNA-seq analysis using human cells. Additionally, it is the first global transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of human intestinal epithelial cultures during spaceflight (either infected or uninfected).", "release_date": "2021-02-23", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-323/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Infection" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "infection" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "STS-131" ], "flight_programs": [ "NASA" ], "space_programs": [ "Space Transportation System (Shuttle)" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jennifer Cheryl C. Mark Shameema Nicole Shanshan Kristina Natalia Jin Richard Rebecca Kevin Cristine Anthony Cheryl Nicole Diana Aaron Stephanie Naoko Jason Camila Rolf Tom Sarah Anne F. R J. C D. U. L. Barrila Nickerson Ott Sarker Hansmeier Yang Buss Briones Park David Forsyth Sato Kosnik Yang Shimoda Rayl Ly Landenberger Wilson Yamazaki Steel Montano Halden Cannon Castro-Wallace" ], "publication_title": "Evaluating the effect of spaceflight on the host–pathogen interaction between human intestinal epithelial cells and Salmonella Typhimurium" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-324", "osd_num": 324, "identifiers": "GLDS-324", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-324", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/324", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/324" } }, "overview": { "title": "Osteocytes transcriptome is altered during spaceflight", "description": "Bone loss is one of the major health problems for astronauts during long-term spaceflight and for patients during prolonged bed rest or paralysis. Growing evidence suggests that osteocytes, the most abundant cells in the mineralized bone matrix, play a key role in sensing mechanical forces applied to the skeleton and in transducing them into subcellular biochemical signals to modulate bone homeostasis. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying both mechanosensation and mechanotransduction in osteocytes under the real microgravity (µG) condition are poorly understood. To unravel the mechanisms by which osteocyte, sense and responds to mechanical unloading, we exposed murine osteocytic cell line, Ocy454, seeded on a highly porous polystyrene 3D scaffold, to 2, 4, or 6 days of µG on board the International Space Station (ISS) and compared their gene expression with cells at 1G on Earth. Bioinformatics analysis of cells exposed to µG revealed several pathways differentially regulated upon exposure to microgravity.", "release_date": "2021-04-23", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/genelab/img/GLDS324__study_image.png" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Time" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-6" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Staion (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Paola Yuhei Divieti Pajevic Uda" ], "publication_title": "Global transcriptomic analysis of a murine osteocytic cell line subjected to spaceflight" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-326", "osd_num": 326, "identifiers": "GLDS-326", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-326", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/326", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/326" } }, "overview": { "title": "Gene-metabolite network linked to inhibited bioenergetics in association with spaceflight induced loss of quadriceps muscle", "description": "Prolonged residence of mice in spaceflight is a scientifically robust and ethically ratified model of muscle atrophy caused by continued unloading. Under the Rodent Research Program of NASA, we assayed the genomic and metabolomics perturbations in the quadriceps of C57BL/6J male mice that lived on the spaceflight (FLT) or at Ground Control (CTR) for approximately four weeks. Wet weight of quadriceps were significantly reduced in FLT mice. Deep next generation sequencing and untargeted mass spectroscopic assay interrogated the gene-metabolite landscape of same tissues. A majority of top ranked differentially suppressed genes in FLT encode proteins from myosin or troponin family suggesting a sarcomere alteration in space. Significantly enriched gene-metabolite networks were found linked to saromeric integrity, immune fitness and oxidative stress response; all inhibited in space as per in silico prediction. A significant loss of FLT mitochondrial DNA copy numbers underlined the energy deprivation associated with spaceflight induced stress, and this hypothesis was reinforced by the omics analysis that showed inhibited networks related to protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and ATP synthesis and hydrolysis. Finally, we reported a list of upstream regulators, which could be targeted for next generation therapeutic intervention for the betterment of the musculoskeletal system in male mice subjected to chronic disuse. Abbreviation Key: Sham surgical procedure done (Sh); non-surgical control (NS); Ground Control group (G); Flight Group (F); Whole Body frozen as sample on ISS (W).", "release_date": "2020-02-23", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-326/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Quadriceps femoris" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-10" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Rasha Hammamieh" ], "publication_title": "Gene-Metabolite Network Linked to Inhibited Bioenergetics in Association With Spaceflight-Induced Loss of Male Mouse Quadriceps Muscle" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-329", "osd_num": 329, "identifiers": "GLDS-329", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-329", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/329", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/329" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcription profiling of atm mutant, adm mutant and wild type whole plants and roots of Arabidopsis after gamma ray irradiation in a time series", "description": "Whole seedlings of wild type (4d) and atm mutants (4d) have been analyzed after a gamma ray irradiation of 0.75h, 1.5h, 3h and 5h (time course). Roots of wt (4d), atm (3d) and atr (4d) mutants have been analyzed after a 1h irradiation. Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM), encodes a large protein with a phosph@idylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-like domain at the C terminus (reviewed by Rotman and Shiloh, 1998). PI3K-related proteins make up a large family of Ser-Thr protein kinases, numerous members of which are involved in the regulation of cell cycle progression, responses to DNA damage, and the maintenance of genomic stability (Hoekstra, 1997). AtATM plays an essential role in meiosis and in the somatic response to DNA damage in plants, similar to the function of ATM in mammals and other eukaryotes. Ataxia telangiectasia-mutated and Rad3-related (ATR) plays a central role in cell-cycle regulation, transmitting DNA damage signals to downstream effectors of cell-cycle progression.", "release_date": "2006-10-30", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-329/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Genotype", "Organism Part", "Ionizing Radiation", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ], "types": [ "Genotype", "Organism Part", "ionizing radiation", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Ludivine Taconnat" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-331", "osd_num": 331, "identifiers": "GLDS-331", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-331", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/331", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/331" } }, "overview": { "title": "Effect of microgravity on HUVECs (Human Umbilical vein Endothelial cells) cells and its transcriptome analysis.", "description": "Adaptation of humans in low gravity conditions is a matter of utmost importance when efforts are on to a gigantic leap in human space expeditions for tourism and formation of space colonies. In this connection, cardiovascular adaptation in low gravity is a critical component of human space exploration. Deep high-throughput sequencing approach allowed us to analyze the miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), cultured under gravity (G), and stimulated microgravity (MG) achieved with a clinostat. The present study identified totally 1870 miRNAs differentially expressed in HUVEC under MG condition when compared to the cells subjected to unitary G conditions. The functional association of identified miRNAs targeting specific mRNAs revealed that miRNAs, hsa-mir-496, hsa-mir-151a, hsa-miR-296-3p, hsa-mir-148a, hsa-miR-365b-5p, hsa-miR-3687, hsa-mir-454, hsa-miR-155-5p, and hsa-miR-145-5p differentially regulated the genes involved in cell adhesion, angiogenesis, cell cycle, JAK-STAT signaling, MAPK signaling, nitric oxide signaling, VEGF signaling, and wound healing pathways. Further, the q-PCR based experimental studies of upregulated and downregulated miRNA and mRNAs demonstrate that the above reported miRNAs influence the cell proliferation and vascular functions of the HUVEC in MG conditions effectively. Consensus on the interactome results indicates restricted fluctuations in the transcriptome of the HUVEC exposed to short-term MG that could lead to higher levels of endothelial functions like angiogenesis and vascular patterning.", "release_date": "2020-08-11", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-331/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Microgravity Simulation" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Ravi Dharanibalan Suvro Gupta Kasiviswanathan Chatterjee" ], "publication_title": "Interactome of miRNAs and transcriptome of human umbilical cord endothelial cells exposed to short-term simulated microgravity" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-334", "osd_num": 334, "identifiers": "GLDS-334", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-334", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/334", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/334" } }, "overview": { "title": "miRNA signature detection and countermeasures against HZE radiation exposure for tissue degeneration-Heart tissue", "description": "Biological risks associated with space radiation and microgravity are major concerns for long-term space travel. Through a Systems Biology approach, our previous NASA work has shown both TGFβ signaling pathways and miRNAs have a critical impact on defining health risks with and without space irradiation. We hypothesize that circulating microRNA (miRNA) signatures are driving microvascular disease and muscle degeneration associated with accelerating aging and will be enhanced by exposure to the space environment (radiation and microgravity). We investigated this hypothesis both in vivo and in vitro and test novel antagonist therapies to these miRNA signatures as countermeasures to reduce space radiation-induced health risks. A comprehensive Systems Biology approach was used to examine the influence by high atomic number by high (H) atomic number (Z) and energy (E) (HZE) irradiation. To simulate low-dose exposure due to galactic cosmic rays (GCR), we used the ions, energy, and doses determined by a NASA consensus formula of 7 different ions to represent GCR (referred to as GCR sim model). To simulate high-dose radiation exposure due to solar particle events (SPE), we used an acute dose of SPE simulated beam at 1Gy which has energies ranging from 50MeV to 150MeV. C57BL/6 wild-type mice were utilized for irradiation with our established simulated microgravity model (hindlimb suspension model) and an in vitro 3D microvasculature tissue model under simulated microgravity (clinostat) conditions will also be irradiated. To expand on the circulating miRNA signature determined from our preliminary data, we determined a group of conserved miRNAs which are commonly being regulated in the majority of the organs and tissues throughout the host using our established techniques. MiRNA-sequencing on serum (before IR and at time of sacrifice), liver, heart, and muscle tissue for all radiation groups revealed the key circulating miRNA signature (consisting of multiple miRNAs) impacting disease risk. Collectively, understanding of how whole body space radiation impacts microvascular and tissue degeneration through circulating miRNAs will greatly enhance health risk prognostication and provide possible new mechanisms for protection against space radiation.", "release_date": "2020-12-10", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-334/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Heart" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "miRNA Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Hindlimb Unloading", "Ionizing Radiation", "Particle Charge" ], "types": [ "Hindlimb Suspension", "ionizing radiation", "particle charge" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Afshin Beheshti" ], "publication_title": "LET-Dependent Low Dose and Synergistic Inhibition of Human Angiogenesis by Charged Particles: Validation of miRNAs that Drive Inhibition Circulating miRNA Spaceflight Signature Reveals Targets for Countermeasure Development" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-335", "osd_num": 335, "identifiers": "GLDS-335", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-335", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/335", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/335" } }, "overview": { "title": "miRNA signature detection and countermeasures against HZE radiation exposure for tissue degeneration-Liver tissue", "description": "Biological risks associated with space radiation and microgravity are major concerns for long-term space travel. Through a Systems Biology approach, our previous NASA work has shown both TGFβ signaling pathways and miRNAs have a critical impact on defining health risks with and without space irradiation. We hypothesize that circulating microRNA (miRNA) signatures are driving microvascular disease and muscle degeneration associated with accelerating aging and will be enhanced by exposure to the space environment (radiation and microgravity). We investigated this hypothesis both in vivo and in vitro and test novel antagonist therapies to these miRNA signatures as countermeasures to reduce space radiation-induced health risks. A comprehensive Systems Biology approach was used to examine the influence by high atomic number by high (H) atomic number (Z) and energy (E) (HZE) irradiation. To simulate low-dose exposure due to galactic cosmic rays (GCR), we used the ions, energy, and doses determined by a NASA consensus formula of 7 different ions to represent GCR (referred to as GCR sim model). To simulate high-dose radiation exposure due to solar particle events (SPE), we used an acute dose of SPE simulated beam at 1Gy which has energies ranging from 50MeV to 150MeV. C57BL/6 wild-type mice were utilized for irradiation with our established simulated microgravity model (hindlimb suspension model) and an in vitro 3D microvasculature tissue model under simulated microgravity (clinostat) conditions will also be irradiated. To expand on the circulating miRNA signature determined from our preliminary data, we determined a group of conserved miRNAs which are commonly being regulated in the majority of the organs and tissues throughout the host using our established techniques. MiRNA-sequencing on serum (before IR and at time of sacrifice), liver, heart, and muscle tissue for all radiation groups revealed the key circulating miRNA signature (consisting of multiple miRNAs) impacting disease risk. Collectively, understanding of how whole body space radiation impacts microvascular and tissue degeneration through circulating miRNAs will greatly enhance health risk prognostication and provide possible new mechanisms for protection against space radiation.", "release_date": "2020-12-10", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-335/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Liver" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "miRNA Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Hindlimb Unloading", "Ionizing Radiation", "Particle Charge" ], "types": [ "Hindlimb Suspension", "ionizing radiation", "particle charge" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Afshin Beheshti" ], "publication_title": "LET-Dependent Low Dose and Synergistic Inhibition of Human Angiogenesis by Charged Particles: Validation of miRNAs that Drive Inhibition Circulating miRNA Spaceflight Signature Reveals Targets for Countermeasure Development" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-336", "osd_num": 336, "identifiers": "GLDS-336", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-336", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/336", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/336" } }, "overview": { "title": "miRNA signature detection and countermeasures against HZE radiation exposure for tissue degeneration-Plasma", "description": "Biological risks associated with space radiation and microgravity are major concerns for long-term space travel. Through a Systems Biology approach, our previous NASA work has shown both TGFβ signaling pathways and miRNAs have a critical impact on defining health risks with and without space irradiation. We hypothesize that circulating microRNA (miRNA) signatures are driving microvascular disease and muscle degeneration associated with accelerating aging and will be enhanced by exposure to the space environment (radiation and microgravity). We investigated this hypothesis both in vivo and in vitro and test novel antagonist therapies to these miRNA signatures as countermeasures to reduce space radiation-induced health risks. A comprehensive Systems Biology approach was used to examine the influence by high atomic number by high (H) atomic number (Z) and energy (E) (HZE) irradiation. To simulate low-dose exposure due to galactic cosmic rays (GCR), we used the ions, energy, and doses determined by a NASA consensus formula of 7 different ions to represent GCR (referred to as GCR sim model). To simulate high-dose radiation exposure due to solar particle events (SPE), we used an acute dose of SPE simulated beam at 1Gy which has energies ranging from 50MeV to 150MeV. C57BL/6 wild-type mice were utilized for irradiation with our established simulated microgravity model (hindlimb suspension model) and an in vitro 3D microvasculature tissue model under simulated microgravity (clinostat) conditions will also be irradiated. To expand on the circulating miRNA signature determined from our preliminary data, we determined a group of conserved miRNAs which are commonly being regulated in the majority of the organs and tissues throughout the host using our established techniques. MiRNA-sequencing on serum (before IR and at time of sacrifice), liver, heart, and muscle tissue for all radiation groups revealed the key circulating miRNA signature (consisting of multiple miRNAs) impacting disease risk. Collectively, understanding of how whole body space radiation impacts microvascular and tissue degeneration through circulating miRNAs will greatly enhance health risk prognostication and provide possible new mechanisms for protection against space radiation.", "release_date": "2020-12-10", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-336/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Plasma" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "miRNA Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Hindlimb Unloading", "Ionizing Radiation", "Particle Charge" ], "types": [ "Hindlimb Suspension", "ionizing radiation", "particle charge" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Afshin Beheshti" ], "publication_title": "LET-Dependent Low Dose and Synergistic Inhibition of Human Angiogenesis by Charged Particles: Validation of miRNAs that Drive Inhibition Circulating miRNA Spaceflight Signature Reveals Targets for Countermeasure Development Beyond Low-Earth Orbit: Characterizing Immune and microRNA Differentials following Simulated Deep Spaceflight Conditions in Mice" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-337", "osd_num": 337, "identifiers": "GLDS-337", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-337", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/337", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/337" } }, "overview": { "title": "miRNA signature detection and countermeasures against HZE radiation exposure for tissue degeneration-Soleus muscle", "description": "Biological risks associated with space radiation and microgravity are major concerns for long-term space travel. Through a Systems Biology approach, our previous NASA work has shown both TGFβ signaling pathways and miRNAs have a critical impact on defining health risks with and without space irradiation. We hypothesize that circulating microRNA (miRNA) signatures are driving microvascular disease and muscle degeneration associated with accelerating aging and will be enhanced by exposure to the space environment (radiation and microgravity). We investigated this hypothesis both in vivo and in vitro and test novel antagonist therapies to these miRNA signatures as countermeasures to reduce space radiation-induced health risks. A comprehensive Systems Biology approach was used to examine the influence by high atomic number by high (H) atomic number (Z) and energy (E) (HZE) irradiation. To simulate low-dose exposure due to galactic cosmic rays (GCR), we used the ions, energy, and doses determined by a NASA consensus formula of 7 different ions to represent GCR (referred to as GCR sim model). To simulate high-dose radiation exposure due to solar particle events (SPE), we used an acute dose of SPE simulated beam at 1Gy which has energies ranging from 50MeV to 150MeV. C57BL/6 wild-type mice were utilized for irradiation with our established simulated microgravity model (hindlimb suspension model) and an in vitro 3D microvasculature tissue model under simulated microgravity (clinostat) conditions will also be irradiated. To expand on the circulating miRNA signature determined from our preliminary data, we determined a group of conserved miRNAs which are commonly being regulated in the majority of the organs and tissues throughout the host using our established techniques. MiRNA-sequencing on serum (before IR and at time of sacrifice), liver, heart, and muscle tissue for all radiation groups revealed the key circulating miRNA signature (consisting of multiple miRNAs) impacting disease risk. Collectively, understanding of how whole body space radiation impacts microvascular and tissue degeneration through circulating miRNAs will greatly enhance health risk prognostication and provide possible new mechanisms for protection against space radiation.", "release_date": "2020-12-10", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-337/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Soleus" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "miRNA Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Hindlimb Unloading", "Ionizing Radiation", "Particle Charge" ], "types": [ "Hindlimb Suspension", "ionizing radiation", "particle charge" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Afshin Beheshti" ], "publication_title": "Circulating miRNA Spaceflight Signature Reveals Targets for Countermeasure Development" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-340", "osd_num": 340, "identifiers": "GLDS-340", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-340", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/340", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/340" } }, "overview": { "title": "Mlh1 deficiency increases the risk of hematopoietic malignancy after simulated space radiation exposure", "description": "Cancer-causing genome instability is a major concern during space travel due to exposure of astronauts to potent sources of high-linear energy transfer (LET) ionizing radiation. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are particularly susceptible to genotoxic stress, and accumulation of damage can lead to HSC dysfunction and oncogenesis. Our group recently demonstrated that aging human HSCs accumulate microsatellite instability coincident with loss of MLH1, a DNA Mismatch Repair (MMR) protein, which could reasonably predispose to radiation-induced HSC malignancies. Therefore, in an effort to reduce risk uncertainty for cancer development during deep space travel, we employed an Mlh1+/- mouse model to study the effects high-LET 56Fe ion space-like radiation. Irradiated Mlh1+/- mice showed a significantly higher incidence of lymphomagenesis with 56Fe ions compared to γ-rays and unirradiated mice, and malignancy correlated with increased MSI in the tumors. In addition, whole-exome sequencing analysis revealed high SNVs and INDELs in lymphomas being driven by loss of Mlh1 and frequently mutated genes had a strong correlation with human leukemias. Therefore, the data suggest that age-related MMR deficiencies could lead to HSC malignancies after space radiation, and that countermeasure strategies will be required to adequately protect the astronaut population on the journey to Mars.", "release_date": "2018-09-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-340/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Lymphoma" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "nucleotide sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "genome sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Genotype", "Ionizing Radiation", "Absorbed Radiation Dose" ], "types": [ "Genotype", "ionizing radiation", "absorbed radiation dose" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Stanton Scott Tomas L M Gerson Welford Radivoyevitch" ], "publication_title": "Mlh1 deficiency increases the risk of hematopoietic malignancy after simulated space radiation exposure" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-342", "osd_num": 342, "identifiers": "GLDS-342", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-342", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/342", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/342" } }, "overview": { "title": "Targeting myostatin/activin A protects against skeletal muscle and bone loss during spaceflight [plasma proteomics]", "description": "Among the physiological consequences of extended spaceflight are loss of skeletal muscle and bone mass. One signaling pathway that plays an important role in maintaining muscle and bone homeostasis is that regulated by the secreted signaling proteins, myostatin (MSTN) and activin A. Here, we used both genetic and pharmacological approaches to investigate the effect of targeting MSTN/activin A signaling in mice that were sent to the International Space Station. Wild type mice lost significant muscle and bone mass during the 33 d spent in microgravity. Muscle weights of Mstn -/- mice, which are about twice those of wild type mice, were largely maintained during spaceflight. Systemic inhibition of MSTN/activin A signaling using a soluble form of the activin type IIB receptor (ACVR2B), which can bind each of these ligands, led to dramatic increases in both muscle and bone mass, with effects being comparable in ground and flight mice. Exposure to microgravity and treatment with the soluble receptor each led to alterations in numerous signaling pathways, which were reflected in changes in levels of key signaling components in the blood as well as their RNA expression levels in muscle and bone. These findings have implications for therapeutic strategies to combat the concomitant muscle and bone loss occurring in people afflicted with disuse atrophy on Earth as well as in astronauts in space, especially during prolonged missions.", "release_date": "2020-09-16", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-342/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Plasma" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "protein microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein expression profiling" ], "platforms": [ "SomaScan" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Treatment", "Dissection Timeline" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "treatment", "Dissection Timeline" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-19" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Emily Se-Jin L. Germain-Lee Lee" ], "publication_title": "Targeting myostatin/activin A protects against skeletal muscle and bone loss during spaceflight" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-343", "osd_num": 343, "identifiers": "GLDS-343", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-343", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/343", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/343" } }, "overview": { "title": "Comprehensive multi-omics analysis reveals mitochondrial stress as a central biological hub for spaceflight impact", "description": "Given the limited knowledge of the biological impact of spaceflight, a multi-omics, systems biology approach was used to investigate NASA’s GeneLab data and astronaut biomedical profiles. These data consist of hundreds of samples flown in space, human metrics from 59 astronauts, and confirmatory data from NASA’s Twin Study, analyzed together for consistent transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and epigenetic response to spaceflight. Pathway analysis showed significant enrichment of mitochondrial activity and innate immunity. Muscle and liver tissues showed that chronic inflammation, may be a response to mitochondrial dysfunction. Additional pathways altered in spaceflight included cell cycle, circadian rhythm, and olfactory activity pathways, all of which are known to have interactions with mitochondrial activity. Evidence of altered mitochondrial function was also found in the urine and blood metabolic data compiled from the astronaut cohort and NASA Twin Study data, all of which indicate mitochondrial stress as a consistent phenotype of spaceflight.", "release_date": "2020-12-02", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-343/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Gastrocnemius", "Quadriceps femoris" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry" ], "measurement_types": [ "metabolite profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Xevo QTof MS(Waters)" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Tissue" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Tissue" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-12" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "NASA Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Evagelia Jeffrey S Laiakis Willey" ], "publication_title": "Comprehensive Multi-omics Analysis Reveals Mitochondrial Stress as a Central Biological Hub for Spaceflight Impact" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-344", "osd_num": 344, "identifiers": "GLDS-344", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-344", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/344", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/344" } }, "overview": { "title": "Real-time quantitative PCR analysis of human cardiovascular progenitor cells flown aboard the International Space Station", "description": "Adult and neonatal human cardiovacular progenitor cell clonal populations were flown aboard the ISS for 12 days prior to fixation in RNAprotect. Gene expression analysis was performed against clone-, patient-, and passage-matched ground control samples. qPCR gene expression profiling. Human CPCs from three neonates and three adults were individually cultured on the ground or aboard the ISS.", "release_date": "2018-07-26", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-344/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "cardiovascular progenitor cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "real time PCR" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "BioRad" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Developmental Stage" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "developmental stage" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-11" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Baio Jonathan" ], "publication_title": "Cardiovascular progenitor cells cultured aboard the International Space Station exhibit altered developmental and functional properties" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-345", "osd_num": 345, "identifiers": "GLDS-345", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-345", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/345", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/345" } }, "overview": { "title": "Mouse femur LC-MSMS upon weightlessness", "description": "Bone loss and immune dysregulation are among the main adverse outcomes of spaceflight challenging astronaut’s health and safety. However, consequences on B cell development and responses are still under-investigated. Up to now, most studies addressing these questions were performed using an amphibian species. Consequently, we used advanced proteomics analysis of femur bone and marrow of mice flown for one month on board the BION-M1 biosatellite, to determine whether extreme conditions encountered during a real spaceflight affect B cell development in mice and to examine reversibility of the effects upon return to Earth. Our data revealed that adverse effects on B lymphopoiesis were more marked one week after landing and that this phenomenon was associated with a 41% reduction of B cells in the spleen. Thus, the effects of spaceflight persisted during at least one week after landing. These reductions may contribute to explain increased susceptibility to infection even if we confirmed that animals were able to mount a humoral immune response.", "release_date": "2018-11-12", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-345/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Right femur" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein expression profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Q Exactive Plus" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Time" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "Bion-M1" ], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Fabrice Sarah Bertile Cianferani" ], "publication_title": "Analysis of femurs from mice embarked on board BION-M1 biosatellite reveals a decrease in immune cell development, including B cells, after 1 wk of recovery on Earth" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-346", "osd_num": 346, "identifiers": "GLDS-346", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-346", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/346", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/346" } }, "overview": { "title": "RNAseq analysis of the response of Arabidopsis thaliana phytochrome mutants (PhyA, PhyB) to fractional gravity under blue-light stimulation during spaceflight", "description": "Traveling to nearby extraterrestrial objects having a reduced gravity level (partial gravity) compared to Earth's gravity is becoming a realistic objective for space agencies. The use of plants as part of life support systems will require a better understanding of the interactions among plant growth responses including tropisms, under partial gravity conditions. Here, we present results from the Seedling Growth space experiments on the ISS, to complement the previously released GLDS-251 dataset including seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana wildtype plants. Seeds were germinated, and seedlings grew for six days under different gravity levels, namely micro-g, several intermediate partial-g levels, and 1g, and were subjected to irradiation with blue light for the last 48 hours. RNA was extracted was obtained for 20 wildtype samples for subsequent RNAseq analysis in GLDS-251, here we add 36 samples from similarly exposed PhyA and PhyB mutants.", "release_date": "2020-11-24", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-346/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Genotype", "Spaceflight", "Altered Gravity", "Treatment" ], "types": [ "Genotype", "Space Flight", "Gravity", "Altered", "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-2" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA", "ESA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Raul Joshua John Javier San-Huei Amanda Marie Yi-Chun Valery Sylvain Samrawit P Z M T V G Herranz Vandenbrink Kiss Medina Lai Polo Saravia-Butler Dinh Chen Boyko Costes Gebre" ], "publication_title": "RNAseq analysis of the response of Arabidopsis thaliana to fractional gravity under blue-light stimulation during spaceflight RNA-seq analyses of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings after exposure to blue-light phototropic stimuli in microgravity Changes in operational procedures to improve spaceflight experiments in plant biology in the European Modular Cultivation System A novel blue-light phototropic response is revealed in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana in microgravity" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-347", "osd_num": 347, "identifiers": "GLDS-347", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-347", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/347", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/347" } }, "overview": { "title": "Heart Flies - effect of microgravity on heart function in Drosophila", "description": "Canton S laboratory wildtype lines (Bloomington Stock Center) and a K+ channel mutant seizure (seizurets1, a gift from Dr. Barry Ganetsky, published in Titus et al., 1997), a homolog of human hERG, were used in this study. Flies launched to the International Space Station and the corresponding ground controls were housed in polystyrene vials (75 x24 mm) with 10 ml of standard cornmeal-based fly food containing double the usual amount of 10% Tegosept and cellulose acetate plugs. Approximately 24 hours prior to launch, 15 vials were each loaded with 10 virgin females and 5 male adult flies. Loaded vials were placed in a Plexiglas tray and inserted into a vented fly box (VFB), a modified version of a Nanoracks box. The VFB was placed into a canvas case for loading into the Dragon capsule. Launch of SpaceX CRS-3 occurred at 19:25 UTC on April 18, 2014. Flies were kept in the VFB throughout the 30-day mission and were stored aboard the docked Dragon capsule that shared atmosphere with the ISS. The Dragon capsule unberthed at 13:26 UTC (Co-ordinated Universal Time) on May 18, 2014 and re-entry into the Earth’s atmosphere occurred the same day at 19:05 UTC. Following retrieval of the Dragon capsule off the coast of Mexico, the VFB was offloaded at Long Beach Port, California and transported by car to La Jolla, California in a climate-controlled vehicle. Surviving adult flies born on the ISS were collected from the vials at 23:30 UTC on May 20, 2014. Data collection, which included negative geotaxis assays, heart function studies, tissue collection for RNAseq, and tissue preservation for immunohistochemistry, was completed by 07:30 UTC on May 21, 2014 on all microg spaceflown and corresponding ground control flies. The VFB was oriented such that the g‐load was directed down into the food supply located at the bottom of the vials. This orientation was maintained throughout the entirety of the mission, from point of transfer at the lab at NASA Kennedy Space Center through stowage on the Dragon capsule, and again from Dragon un-berthing to opening of the VFB in the lab at SBP Medical Discovery Institute in La Jolla, California. Ground control flies were prepared and reared under identical conditions in ground-based incubators with temperature and humidity controlled to levels recorded on the ISS.", "release_date": "2020-12-02", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-347/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Drosophila melanogaster" ], "material_types": [ "Heart" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Genotype" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "genotype" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-11" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Karen Ocorr" ], "publication_title": "Prolonged Exposure to Microgravity Reduces Cardiac Contractility and Initiates Remodeling in Drosophila" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-350", "osd_num": 350, "identifiers": "GLDS-350", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-350", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/350", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/350" } }, "overview": { "title": "Draft genome sequences of Aspergillus and Penicillium species isolated from the International Space Station and Crew Resupply Vehicle Capsule", "description": "Genome sequencing and assembly of fungal isolates belonging to Penicilliium and Aspergillus genera isolated from International Space Station", "release_date": "2021-03-23", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-350/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Aspergillus niger", "Penicillium griseoroseum", "Penicillium camemberti", "Penicillium polonicum", "Penicillium dipodomyicola", "Aspergillus unguis", "Penicillium chrysogenum" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "nucleotide sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "genome sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Strain" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "strain" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Adriana Kasthuri Nitin Kumar Jason Marilyne Niamh Christopher M B E Blachowicz Venkateswaran Singh Wood Debieu O’Hara Mason" ], "publication_title": "Draft Genome Sequences of Aspergillus and Penicillium Species Isolated from the International Space Station and Crew Resupply Vehicle Capsule" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-352", "osd_num": 352, "identifiers": "GLDS-352", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-352", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/352", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/352" } }, "overview": { "title": "Multi-modal transcriptional and chromatin accessibility analysis of brains from mice flown on the RR-3 mission", "description": "The Rodent Research-3 (RR-3) mission was sponsored by the pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly and Co. and the Center for the Advancement of Science in Space to study the effectiveness of a potential countermeasure for the loss of muscle and bone mass that occurs during spaceflight. Twenty BALB/c, 12-weeks old female mice (ten controls and ten treated) were flown to the ISS and housed in the Rodent Habitat for 39-42 days. Twenty mice of similar age, and matching sex and strain were used for ground controls housed in identical hardware and matching ISS environmental conditions. Basal controls were housed in standard vivarium cages. Spaceflight, ground controls and basal groups had blood collected, then were euthanized, had one hind limb removed, and finally whole carcasses were stored at -80 C until dissection. All mice in this data set received only the control/sham injection. Brain samples from three flight and three ground control animal groups were cut in half between hemispheres. One hemisphere of each brain was used for generating spatially resolved transcriptional profiling data. Hemispheres were cryosectioned so that 2 consecutive sections from the hippocampus of each brain was placed on Visium Gene Expression arrays. Samples were fixed, stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin and imaged. Imaging was followed by tissue permeabilization to release mRNA molecules from cells for capture onto the array surface. Subsequently, following the 10XGenomics Visium Gene Expression protocol, Spatial Transcriptomics RNA-seq libraries were prepared and sequenced. The other hemisphere of each brain was used for single nuclei RNA-seq and ATAC-seq using the 10X Multiome protocol. In addition, bulk RNA-seq (ribodepleted, target depth of 60 M clusters, PE 150 bp) was performed from a pool of RNA extracted from 10-20 sections from each of 3 flight and 3 ground control samples.", "release_date": "2021-01-14", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-352/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Brain" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "spatial transcriptomics", "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)", "single-cell RNA sequencing", "single-cell ATAC-seq" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling", "Chromatin Accessibility" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-8" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan Stefania San-Huei Kristen Zaneta Amanda Homer Alexis Jihan Zaneta Stefania Zaneta Valery Marie Yi-Chen Samrawit Stefania Jonathan Stefania Jonathan Afshin Sylvain Yuvarani M M W T G M M V Galazka Giacomello Lai Polo Peach Andrusivova Saravia-Butler Fogle Torres Yehia Andrusivova Giacomello Andrusivova Boyko Dinh Chen Gebre Giacomello Galazka Giacomello Galazka Beheshti Costes Masarapu" ], "publication_title": "Spatially resolved multiomics on the neuronal effects induced by spaceflight in mice." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-353", "osd_num": 353, "identifiers": "GLDS-353", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-353", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/353", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/353" } }, "overview": { "title": "The Effects of Spaceflight Factors on the Human Plasma Proteome, Including Both Real Space Missions and Ground-Based Experiments", "description": "The aim of the study was to continue of the proteomic data accumulation on the effects of space flight factors on the human body, including ground-based model experiments. Blood plasma samples were collected from 5 healthy men included in the 21 days head-down bed rest experiment (HDBR) and 5 volunteers participating in a 21 day long dry immersion experiment.", "release_date": "2019-04-07", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-353/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "blood plasma" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein expression profiling" ], "platforms": [ "MaXis 4G" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Bed Rest", "Time", "Dry Immersion" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Bed Rest", "time", "Dry Immersion" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Alexander Alexey Brzhozovskiy Kononikhin" ], "publication_title": "The Effects of Spaceflight Factors on the Human Plasma Proteome, Including Both Real Space Missions and Ground-Based Experiments." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-354", "osd_num": 354, "identifiers": "GLDS-354", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-354", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/354", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/354" } }, "overview": { "title": "Molecular Transducers of Human Skeletal Muscle Remodeling under Different Loading States", "description": "The annotation of the Affymetrix HTA 2.0 array was updated to optimise the detection of RNA in human skeletal muscle biopsy samples by removing invalid and low signal-high-variance probes (as for CDF GPL24047). The probes were then summarized into groups (probe-sets) reflecting either an ensembl full transcript identifier (FL-ENST, GPL24047) or just the probes targeting the 3' UTR or the 5' UTR of that particular ENST. Therefore, 3 different CDF were used to process the HTA 2.0 arrays in this study. Note that each CEL file was GC adjusted using APT while our custom CDF pipeline removes any probe that has >80% or <20% GC content (~50,000). The analysis was carried out only on the pairs of probe-sets i.e. FL-ENST vs 3'UTR or FL-ENST vs 5'UTR or 3'UTR vs 5'UTR. Dynamic muscle loading alters tissue phenotype reflecting altered metabolic and functional demands. In humans, heterogeneous adaptation to loading complicates identification of the underpinning molecular regulators. We present a within-person analysis strategy that reduced heterogeneity for changes in muscle mass by ~40% and employed a genome-wide transcriptome method that modeled each mRNA from coding exons and 3’/5’ untranslated (UTR) regions. Our strategy detected ~3-4 times more regulated genes than similarly sized studies, including substantial UTR-selective regulation that other methods would not detect. We discovered a core of 141 genes correlated to muscle growth validated from newly analyzed independent samples (n=100). Further validating these identified genes, via RNAi in primary muscle cells, we demonstrate that members of the core genes were regulators of protein synthesis e.g. Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity in Humans MoTrPAC. Employing proteome-constrained networks and pathway analysis revealed notable relationships with the molecular characteristics of human muscle aging and insulin sensitivity, as well as potential drug-therapies.", "release_date": "2020-08-13", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-354/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Vastus Lateralis" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Hindlimb Unloading", "Age" ], "types": [ "Hindlimb Suspension", "Age" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Stuart M Phillips" ], "publication_title": "Molecular Transducers of Human Skeletal Muscle Remodeling under Different Loading States. A coding and non-coding transcriptomic perspective on the genomics of human metabolic disease Longevity‐related molecular pathways are subject to midlife “switch” in humans" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-356", "osd_num": 356, "identifiers": "GLDS-356", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-356", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/356", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/356" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional profiling of the mutualistic bacterium Vibrio fischeri and an hfq mutant under modeled microgravity", "description": "For long-duration space missions, it is critical to maintain health-associated homeostasis between astronauts and their microbiome. To achieve this goal it is important to more fully understand the host–symbiont relationship under the physiological stress conditions of spaceflight. To address this issue we examined the impact of a spaceflight analog, low-shear-modeled microgravity (LSMMG), on the transcriptome of the mutualistic bacterium Vibrio fischeri. Cultures of V. fischeri and a mutant defective in the global regulator Hfq (∆hfq) were exposed to either LSMMG or gravity conditions for 12 h (exponential growth) and 24 h (stationary phase growth). Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed few to no significant differentially expressed genes between gravity and the LSMMG conditions in the wild type or mutant V. fischeri at exponential or stationary phase. There was, however, a pronounced change in transcriptomic profiles during the transition between exponential and stationary phase growth in both V. fischeri cultures including an overall decrease in gene expression associated with translational activity and an increase in stress response. There were also several upregulated stress genes specific to the LSMMG condition during the transition to stationary phase growth. The ∆hfq mutants exhibited a distinctive transcriptome profile with a significant increase in transcripts associated with flagellar synthesis and transcriptional regulators under LSMMG conditions compared to gravity controls. These results indicate the loss of Hfq significantly influences gene expression under LSMMG conditions in a bacterial symbiont. Together, these results improve our understanding of the mechanisms by which microgravity alters the physiology of beneficial host-associated microbes.", "release_date": "2019-01-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-356/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Vibrio fischeri" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Genotype", "Microgravity Simulation", "Time" ], "types": [ "Genotype", "Weightlessness Simulation", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Jamie S Foster" ], "publication_title": "Transcriptional profiling of the mutualistic bacterium Vibrio fischeri and an hfq mutant under modeled microgravityTranscriptional profiling of the mutualistic bacterium Vibrio fischeri and an hfq mutant under modeled microgravity" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-358", "osd_num": 358, "identifiers": "GLDS-358", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-358", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/358", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/358" } }, "overview": { "title": "Diagnosing an Opportunistic Fungal Pathogen on Spaceflight-Grown Plants Using the MinION Sequencing Platform", "description": "Sustainable agriculture in microgravity is integral to future long-term space exploration. To ensure the efficient and sustainable cultivation of plants in space, a contingency plan to monitor plant health and mitigate plant diseases is necessary. Yet, neither methods nor tools currently exist to evaluate the plant microbial interactions or to diagnose potential plant diseases in space-based bioregenerative life support systems (BLSS). Here we show how the MinION sequencing platform can be used to diagnose the opportunistic pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum; a fungal infection on Zinnia hybrida plants that were grown on the International Space Station (ISS) in 2015 (Schuerger et al., 2021). Genomic DNA from the infected plant material (root and leaf tissues) retrieved from the ISS were extracted and sequenced. In addition, pure cultures of Burkholderia contaminans, Fusarium oxysporum, and Fusarium sporotrichioides were used as controls to test the specificity of the bioinformatics pipeline developed. The results show that the MinION can be used to accurately differentiate between fusarium species and strengthens the case for using the system as a rapid plant disease diagnostic tool.", "release_date": "2022-09-22", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-358/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Burkholderia contaminans", "Fusarium sporotrichioides", "Fusarium oxysporum", "Zinnia" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "Metagenomic sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Oxford Nanopore Technologies" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Organism Part" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Organism Part" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-3 SpaceX-8" ], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Natasha Andrew J C Haveman Schuerger" ], "publication_title": "Diagnosing an Opportunistic Fungal Pathogen on Spaceflight-Grown Plants Using the MinION Sequencing Platform" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-359", "osd_num": 359, "identifiers": "GLDS-359", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-359", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/359", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/359" } }, "overview": { "title": "Proteome profiling of the exhaled breath condensate after long-term spaceflights", "description": "The aim of the study was to analyze exhaled breath condensate (EBC) proteome changes due to the effects of spaceflight factors. All the protocols were approved at the Institute of Biomedical Problems – Russian Federation State Scientific Research Center in the frame of Protocon experiment. EBC samples were collected by commercial devices RTube one month before flight (background) at the Yu. A. Gagarin Research and Test Cosmonaut Training Center, immediately after landing of the landing modules in the field (R0), and on the seventh day after landing as a part of medical examination (R+7). Semi-quantitative label-free proteomic analysis of 13 EBC samples collected from 5 Russian cosmonauts before and after long-term (169–199 days) spaceflights were performed and resulted in 164 different proteins. The highest number of proteins was detected in EBC after landing (R0). Pathways enrichment analysis via GO database large group of proteins that take part in keratinization processes (CASP14, DSG1, DSP, JUP, and etc). Nine proteins were KRT2, KRT9, KRT1, KRT10, KRT14, DCD, KRT6C, KRT6A, KRT5 were detected in all groups (background, R0, R+1). A two-sample Welch’s t-test identified the significant changing of KRT2 and KRT9 levels after landing. Enrichment analysis via KEGG database revealed significant participation (2,07E-06) of detected proteins in pathogenic E. coli infection (ACTG1, TUBA1C, TUBA4A, TUBB, TUBB8, YWHAZ). Presumably, presents of this proteins can associated with changing of cosmonauts’ microbial composition. Thus EBC can be used for noninvasive monitoring of health status and respiratory tract pathologies during the spaceflight. The obtained data are important for the development of medicine in extreme situations.", "release_date": "2019-09-27", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-359/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Exhaled Breath Condensate" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein expression profiling" ], "platforms": [ "timsTOF Pro" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Time" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Alexander Irina Brzhozovskiy Larina" ], "publication_title": "Proteome Profiling of the Exhaled Breath Condensate after Long-Term Spaceflights" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-360", "osd_num": 360, "identifiers": "GLDS-360", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-360", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/360", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/360" } }, "overview": { "title": "Effects of low dose space radiation exposures on the splenic metabolome", "description": "Future space missions will include return to the Moon and long duration deep space roundtrip missions to Mars. Leaving the protection that Low Earth Orbit provides will unavoidably expose astronauts to higher cumulative doses of space radiation, in addition to other stressors, e.g. microgravity. Immune regulation is known to be impacted and it remains to be seen whether prolonged effects will be encountered in deep space that can have an adverse impact on health. In this study we investigated the effects in overall metabolism of three different low dose radiation exposures (γ-rays, 16O, and 56Fe) in spleen from male C57BL/6 mice at 1, 2, and 4 months after exposure. Forty metabolites were identified with significant enrichment in purine metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acids, acylcarnitines, and amino acids. Early perturbations were more prominent in the γ irradiated samples, while longer term responses shifted towards the high energy particle effects. Regression analysis showed a positive correlation of fatty acids with time and negative association with γ-rays, while degradation of purines were positively associated with time. Taken together, there is a strong suggestion of mitochondrial implication and the possibility of long term effects in DNA repair and nucleotide pools following radiation exposure.", "release_date": "2022-04-07", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-360/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Spleen" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry" ], "measurement_types": [ "metabolite profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Xevo G2 QTOF(Waters)" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Absorbed Radiation Dose", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "absorbed radiation dose", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Johnson Space Center (JSC)", "people": [ "Evagelia Mark R Laiakis Emmett" ], "publication_title": "Effects of Low Dose Space Radiation Exposures on the Splenic Metabolome." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-361", "osd_num": 361, "identifiers": "GLDS-361", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-361", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/361", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/361" } }, "overview": { "title": "ISS Surfaces Bacterial Genomes from MT-2 (ISS-MOP)", "description": "Draft genomes of various bacterial phyla isolated from different locations on the International Space Station as part of the Microbial Tracking 2 mission (ISS-MOP).", "release_date": "2021-04-14", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-361/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Micrococcus luteus", "Acinetobacter pittii", "Bacillus horneckiae", "Staphylococcus warneri", "Methylobacterium organophilum", "Staphylococcus caprae", "Kocuria palustris", "Pseudoclavibacter alba", "Pseudomonas granadensis", "Staphylococcus epidermidis", "Staphylococcus saprophyticus", "Pseudomonas fulva", "Kocuria indica", "Staphylococcus capitis" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "nucleotide sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "genome sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Strain" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "strain" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-11" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Anna Kasthuri Camilla Nitin Jason Marilyne Niamh Christopher J K M B E Simpson Venkateswaran Urbaniak Urbaniak Wood Debieu O’Hara Mason" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-362", "osd_num": 362, "identifiers": "GLDS-362", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-362", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/362", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/362" } }, "overview": { "title": "An LaeA- and BrlA-Dependent Cellular Network Governs Tissue-Specific Secondary Metabolism in the Human Pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus", "description": "Biosynthesis of many ecologically important secondary metabolites (SMs) in filamentous fungi is controlled by several global transcriptional regulators, like the chromatin modifier LaeA, and tied to both development and vegetative growth. In Aspergillus molds, asexual development is regulated by the BrlA AbaA WetA transcriptional cascade. To elucidate BrlA pathway involvement in SM regulation, we examined the transcriptional and metabolic profiles of ΔbrlA, ΔabaA, and ΔwetA mutant and wild-type strains of the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. We find that BrlA, in addition to regulating production of developmental SMs, regulates vegetative SMs and the SrbA-regulated hypoxia stress response in a concordant fashion to LaeA. We further show that the transcriptional and metabolic equivalence of the ΔbrlA and ΔlaeA mutations is mediated by an LaeA requirement preventing heterochromatic marks in the brlA promoter. These results provide a framework for the cellular network regulating not only fungal SMs but diverse cellular processes linked to virulence of this pathogen. IMPORTANCE Filamentous fungi produce a spectacular variety of small molecules, commonly known as secondary or specialized metabolites (SMs), which are critical to their ecologies and lifestyles (e.g., penicillin, cyclosporine, and aflatoxin). Elucidation of the regulatory network that governs SM production is a major question of both fundamental and applied research relevance. To shed light on the relationship between regulation of development and regulation of secondary metabolism in filamentous fungi, we performed global transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses on mutant and wild-type strains of the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus under conditions previously shown to induce the production of both vegetative growth-specific and asexual development-specific SMs. We find that the gene brlA, previously known as a master regulator of asexual development, is also a master regulator of secondary metabolism and other cellular processes. We further show that brlA regulation of SM is mediated by laeA, one of the master regulators of SM, providing a framework for the cellular network regulating not only fungal SMs but diverse cellular processes linked to virulence of this pathogen.", "release_date": "2017-10-06", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-362/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Aspergillus fumigatus" ], "material_types": [ "Mycelium" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Strain", "Treatment" ], "types": [ "strain", "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Nancy Antonis P Keller Rokas" ], "publication_title": "An LaeA- and BrlA-Dependent Cellular Network Governs Tissue-Specific Secondary Metabolism in the Human Pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-363", "osd_num": 363, "identifiers": "GLDS-363", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-363", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/363", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/363" } }, "overview": { "title": "Inflammatory gene expression signatures in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: possible implications in microgravity-induced ICP elevation - CSF", "description": "The visual impairment and intracranial pressure (VIIP) syndrome is a neuro-ophthalmologic condition described in astronauts returning from long duration space missions. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), also known as pseudotumor cerebri, is characterized by a chronic elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) in the absence of an intracranial mass lesion. Because VIIP and IIH share some neurologic and ophthalmologic manifestations, the latter might be used as a model to study some of the processes underlying VIIP. This work constitutes a preliminary investigation of the molecular pathways associated with the elevation of ICP in IIH. Gene expression signatures were obtained from exosomes collected from CSF and plasma in patients with possible signs of IIH. The gene expression targets focused on inflammatory genes and miRNAs. The results suggest that inflammatory cytokine-driven processes and immune cell migration are activated when ICP is elevated in IIH patients, either as a cause or effect of the ICP increase. Several miRNAs appear to be involved in this response, among which miR-9 and miR-16 are upregulated in CSF and plasma of higher ICP subjects. This study provides evidence in support of neurophysiological alterations and neuro-immunomodulation in this condition. If similar changes are seen in astronauts manifesting with the VIIP syndrome, an underlying pathophysiological basis may be discovered.", "release_date": "2021-03-12", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-363/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "cerebrospinal fluid" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "real time PCR" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "QuantStudio 12K Flex" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Intracranial Pressure" ], "types": [ "Intracranial Pressure" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Susana B Zanello" ], "publication_title": "Inflammatory gene expression signatures in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: possible implications in microgravity-induced ICP elevation." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-364", "osd_num": 364, "identifiers": "GLDS-364", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-364", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/364", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/364" } }, "overview": { "title": "Inflammatory gene expression signatures in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: possible implications in microgravity-induced ICP elevation - Plasma", "description": "The visual impairment and intracranial pressure (VIIP) syndrome is a neuro-ophthalmologic condition described in astronauts returning from long duration space missions. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), also known as pseudotumor cerebri, is characterized by a chronic elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) in the absence of an intracranial mass lesion. Because VIIP and IIH share some neurologic and ophthalmologic manifestations, the latter might be used as a model to study some of the processes underlying VIIP. This work constitutes a preliminary investigation of the molecular pathways associated with the elevation of ICP in IIH. Gene expression signatures were obtained from exosomes collected from CSF and plasma in patients with possible signs of IIH. The gene expression targets focused on inflammatory genes and miRNAs. The results suggest that inflammatory cytokine-driven processes and immune cell migration are activated when ICP is elevated in IIH patients, either as a cause or effect of the ICP increase. Several miRNAs appear to be involved in this response, among which miR-9 and miR-16 are upregulated in CSF and plasma of higher ICP subjects. This study provides evidence in support of neurophysiological alterations and neuro-immunomodulation in this condition. If similar changes are seen in astronauts manifesting with the VIIP syndrome, an underlying pathophysiological basis may be discovered.", "release_date": "2021-03-12", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-364/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Plasma" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "real time PCR" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "QuantStudio 12K Flex" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Intracranial Pressure" ], "types": [ "Intracranial Pressure" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Susana B Zanello" ], "publication_title": "Inflammatory gene expression signatures in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: possible implications in microgravity-induced ICP elevation." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-366", "osd_num": 366, "identifiers": "GLDS-366 LSDS-111", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-366", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/366", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/366" } }, "overview": { "title": "Coalescence of DNA double strand breaks induced by galactic cosmic radiation is modulated by genetics in 15 inbred strains of mice", "description": "This study analyzes the variability of responses to simulated deep space radiation among 15 commonly used mouse strains. Ex vivo primary skin fibroblast responses to high mass-high charge particles and X-rays were analyzed by quantifying DNA damage-sensing protein 53BP1 positive radiation-induced foci (RIF) as a surrogate biomarker of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Primary skin fibroblasts were isolated from 10 collaborative cross strains and five reference inbred mice (C57Bl/6, BALB/CByJ, B6C3, C3H and CBA/CaJ) and exposed to 350 MeV/n Ar and 600 MeV/n Fe particles as well as X-rays. Our results indicate that nearby DSBs coalesced into repair units characterized by large RIFs. Such model has the advantage of being much more efficient molecularly, but is poorly suited to deal with cosmic radiation, where energy is concentrated along the particle trajectory. Thus, we observed a large density of DSBs along each particle track and the percentage of unrepaired DSBs that increased with linear energy transfer of the particle over 48 hours post irradiation. Furthermore, persistent RIF levels ex vivo were well correlated with T and B lymphocyte survival in vivo in 10 collaborative cross strains 24 hours after 0.1 Gy whole-body dose of X-rays, suggesting that persistent RIFs might serve as an ex vivo biomarker for in vivo radiation toxicity. Finally, we performed genome-wide association study to identify the genomic associations with dose responses to ionizing radiation, marked as Foci per Gray (FPG), as well as with background DNA repair levels (BGD). This dataset includes GWAS data as well as FPG and BGD values for each sample and condition.", "release_date": "2021-08-19", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-366/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Not Applicable", "Cells", "Cultured" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "Genome-Wide Association Study", "Immunostaining" ], "measurement_types": [ "Genome-Wide Association Study", "Molecular Cellular Imaging" ], "platforms": [ "MegaMUGA", "Zeiss Axiovert 200M" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Strain", "Ionizing Radiation", "Absorbed Radiation Dose", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment", "Group ID" ], "types": [ "strain", "ionizing radiation", "absorbed radiation dose", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment", "Group ID" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Sylvain Egle Eloise Gary V V Costes Cekanaviciute Pariset Karpen" ], "publication_title": "Considering Cell Proliferation to Optimize Detection of Radiation-Induced 53BP1-Positive Foci in 15 Mouse Strains Ex Vivo Dose, LET and Strain Dependence of Radiation-Induced 53BP1 Foci in 15 Mouse Strains Ex Vivo Introducing Novel DNA Damage Metrics 53BP1 Repair Kinetics for Prediction of In Vivo Radiation Susceptibility in 15 Mouse Strains" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-367", "osd_num": 367, "identifiers": "GLDS-367", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-367", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/367", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/367" } }, "overview": { "title": "Bystander response to 0.5 Gy of alpha-particles in a human 3-dimensional skin model in 16h after exposure to ionizing radiation", "description": "Ionizing radiation (IR) not only affects cells that are directly irradiated but also their non-irradiated neighbors, which show responses known as bystander effects. While bystander and direct responses have several common end points including apoptosis and micronucleation, chromatin remodeling and altered levels or activities of regulatory proteins, they can be quantitatively and qualitatively different. The majority of studies of radiation bystander effects have utilized 2-dimensional in vitro systems, but we have recently demonstrated such effects in EPI-200 (Mat-Tek, Ashland, MA), a 3-dimensional tissue model that precisely imitates the structure and function of human epidermis. Global gene expression is a powerful tool for uncovering both fundamental signaling processes and the mechanistic basis of cellular or physiological effects. By exposing only a thin strip across the center of the EPI-200 tissue, we have been able to measure global gene expression responses in bystander cells located at 0.125 and 0.625 um from the irradiation line, in 16h after irradiation. The data were analyzed using BRB-Array Tools (NIH), and further network analysis was performed with IPA (Ingenuity). Significantly responding genes were identified at the both distances. For instance, all sets demonstrated upregulation of two key enzymes of the lipid biosynthesis, UGT1 and PITPNB, and downregulation of proapoptotic proteins: BAX and ARHGEF5. In contrast, several proteins involved in transcriptional repression (CHD6, CHD8 andWRNIP1) were strongly upregulated suggesting a rearrangement in the gene transcription. These changes suggest an activation of bystander mechanisms different from those observed in 2-dimensional cell cultures. Radiation induced gene expression in 3-dimensional tissue model, Epi-200, was measured in 16 hours after exposure to 0.5 Gy of alpha-particles. Three independent experiments were performed for the samples collected at different distances from the irradiation line (125-625 and 625-1125 um) using three tissue fragments per a data point.", "release_date": "2011-08-30", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-367/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "3D Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Radiation Distance" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "Radiation Distance" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Sally Alexandre A Amundson Mezentsev" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-368", "osd_num": 368, "identifiers": "GLDS-368", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-368", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/368", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/368" } }, "overview": { "title": "Biological response to low dose of alpha-particles in a human 3-dimensional skin model, in 1 and 16h after exposure to ionizing radiation.", "description": "Direct irradiation of 3-dimensional skin model, Epi-200, with alpha-particles led to differential regulation of 166 genes: 16 and 150 genes were differentially expressed at 1 and 16 h postirradiation. Unlike the traditional 2-dimensional in vitro systems, Epi-200 made of the primary cells, epidermal human keratinocytes. It mimics the structure of the human epidermis Global gene expression is a powerful tool for uncovering both fundamental signaling processes and the mechanistic basis of cellular or physiological effects. By comparing irradiated tissues with non-irradiated control, we have been able to measure global gene expression responses and reveal the affected biological pathways and molecular functions. The data were analyzed using BRB-Array Tools (NIH), and further gene ontology analysis was performed with Panther database (Applied Biosystems). Gene ontology analysis of the samples harvested in 16h after exposure showed that irradiation presumably affected the genes involved in cell-cell signaling (15 genes, , p=9.0 x E-04) ion transport (10 genes, p=0.00189) and amino acid metabolism (5 genes, p=0.0258). Among 16 genes differentially expressed in 1h after exposure we found NOTCH2 (ENST00000401649) and methyltransferase AOF1 (KDM1B). In the mammalian cells, NOTCH signaling pathway has a role in differentiation and intracellular communication. Moreover the intercellular domain of NOTCH regulates gene expression acting as a transcription factor. In turn, AOF1 affects the transcription via histone demethylation. Thus, irradiation with alpha-particles caused predominant downregulation of multiple genes in 1 and 16h after exposure. It also suggested that changes in cell metabolism initially affected transcriptional regulation and finally led to the rearrangement in expression of genes playing a role in biosynthesis and ion trafficking. Radiation induced gene expression in 3-dimensional tissue model, Epi-200, was measured in 1 and 16 h hours after exposure to 0.5 Gy of alpha-particles. Three independent experiments were performed using one tissue sample per a data point.", "release_date": "2011-08-30", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-368/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "3D cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Alexandre Sally V A Mezentsev Amundson" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-369", "osd_num": 369, "identifiers": "GLDS-369", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-369", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/369", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/369" } }, "overview": { "title": "Bystander responses to 0.5Gy of alpha-particles in a human 3-dimensional skin model in 4h after exposure to ionizing radiation", "description": "Direct irradiation of 3-dimensional skin model, Epi-200, with alpha-particles led to differential regulation of 545 genes at 4 h postirradiation. Unlike the traditional 2-dimensional in vitro systems, Epi-200 made of the primary cells, epidermal human keratinocytes. It mimics the structure of the human epidermis Global gene expression is a powerful tool for uncovering both fundamental signaling processes and the mechanistic basis of cellular or physiological effects. By comparing irradiated tissues with non-irradiated control, we have been able to measure global gene expression responses and reveal the affected biological pathways and molecular functions. The data were analyzed using BRB-Array Tools (NIH), and further gene ontology analysis was performed with Panther (Applied Biosystems). The responding pathways were identified jointly and separately for up- and downregulated genes. Receptors (12 genes, p=0.0467), including nuclear hormone receptors (3 genes, p=8.2 x E-04) and Ser/Thr receptors (3 genes, p=5.3 x E-03), chemokines (2 genes, p=0.0155) and signaling molecules were overrepresented among 123 upregulated genes while DNA binding proteins (27 genes, p=5.07 x E-04), particularly helicases (6 genes, p=3.61 x E-03) and, G-protein modulators (16 genes, p=4.4 x E-03) were overrepresented among 403 downregulated genes. Remarkably, 6 differentially regulated genes in this group were represented by helicases and methyltransferases (6 genes, p=0. 0534) involved in methylation of histones and DNA. These changes confirmed an importance in the biological response of two its basic components: receptor-regulated pathways and chromatin remodeling. Upregulation the first group supposes to increase sensitivity of irradiated cells to chemokines and cytokines while downregulation of the second group would likely affect the DNA methylation pattern and stimulate the transcription. Radiation induced gene expression in 3-dimensional tissue model, Epi-200, was measured at 4 hours after exposure to 0.5 Gy of alpha-particles. Three independent experiments were performed using one tissue sample per a data point.", "release_date": "2011-08-30", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-369/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "3D cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Alexandre Sally V A Mezentsev Amundson" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-370", "osd_num": 370, "identifiers": "GLDS-370", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-370", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/370", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/370" } }, "overview": { "title": "Insulin resistance induced by physical inactivity is associated with multiple transcriptional changes in skeletal muscle in young men", "description": "Physical inactivity is a risk factor for insulin resistance. We examined the effect of nine days of bed rest on basal and insulin stimulated expression of genes potentially involved in insulin action by applying hypothesis-generating microarray in parallel with candidate gene real-time PCR approaches in 20 healthy, young men. Furthermore, we investigated whether bed rest affected DNA methylation in the promoter region of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PPARGC1A) gene. Subjects were re-examined after four weeks of retraining. Findings: Bed rest induced insulin resistance and altered the expression of more than 4,500 genes. These changes were only partly normalized after four weeks of retraining. Pathway analyses revealed significant down-regulation of 34 pathways, predominantly those of genes associated with mitochondrial function including PPARGC1A. Despite induction of insulin resistance, bed rest resulted in a paradoxically increased response to acute insulin in the general expression of genes, particularly those involved in inflammation and endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) stress. Furthermore, bed rest changed gene expressions of several insulin resistance and diabetes candidate genes. We also observed a trend toward increased PPARGC1A DNA methylation after bed rest. Conclusions: Impaired expression of PPARGC1A and other genes involved in mitochondrial function as well as a paradoxically increased response to insulin of genes involved in inflammation and ER stress may contribute to the development of insulin resistance induced by bed rest. Lack of complete normalization of changes after four weeks of exercise retraining underscores the importance of maintaining a minimum of daily physical activity.", "release_date": "2010-09-21", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-370/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Vastus Lateralis" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Bed Rest", "Time", "Treatment" ], "types": [ "Bed Rest", "time", "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Natalie Hiscock" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-372", "osd_num": 372, "identifiers": "GLDS-372", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-372", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/372", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/372" } }, "overview": { "title": "Genome sequencing of Staphylococcus, Burkholderia, and Ralstonia bacterial isolates isolated from the ISS", "description": "This repository holds genome assemblies for Staphylococcus, Burkholderia, and Ralstonia bacterial isolates isolated from the ISS between the years of 2006-2015. Information on the overall microbial isolation effort is stored under NASA's Life Science Data Archive experiment 13823 (https://lsda.jsc.nasa.gov/Experiment/exper/13823). For the genomes presented here, isolates were received from NASA's Johnson Space Center and their genomes were sequenced and assembled thanks to NASA Space Biology awards to Michael D. Lee (NNH16ZTT001N-MOBE) and Aubrie O'Rourke (80NSSC17K0035).", "release_date": "2021-11-15", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/genelab/img/GLDS372__study_image.png" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Staphylococcus auricularis", "Staphylococcus epidermidis", "Burkholderia cepacia", "Burkholderia contaminans", "Ralstonia pickettii", "Ralstonia insidiosa", "Staphylococcus saprophyticus", "Staphylococcus lugdunensis", "Staphylococcus aureus" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "nucleotide sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "genome sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Collection Date", "Sample Location" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Collection Date", "Sample Location" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Michael Aubrie D Lee O'Rourke" ], "publication_title": "Reference-guided metagenomics reveals genome-level evidence of potential microbial transmission from the ISS environment to an astronaut's microbiome Genomic and phenotypic characterization of Burkholderia isolates from the potable water system of the International Space Station" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-374", "osd_num": 374, "identifiers": "GLDS-374", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-374", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/374", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/374" } }, "overview": { "title": "Bi-directional and shared epigenomic signatures following proton irradiation", "description": "The brain's response to radiation exposure is an important concern for patients undergoing cancer therapy and astronauts on long missions in deep space. We assessed whether this response is specific and prolonged and is linked to epigenetic mechanisms. We focused on the response of the hippocampus at early (2-weeks) and late (20-week) time points following whole body proton irradiation. We examined two forms of DNA methylation, cytosine methylation (5mC) and hydroxymethylation (5hmC). Impairments in object recognition, spatial memory retention, and network stability following proton irradiation were observed at the two-week time point and correlated with altered gene expression and 5hmC profiles that mapped to specific gene ontology pathways. Significant overlap was observed between DNA methylation changes at the 2 and 20-week time points demonstrating specificity and retention of changes in response to radiation. Moreover, a novel class of DNA methylation change was observed following an environmental challenge (i.e. space irradiation), characterized by both increased and decreased 5hmC levels along the entire gene body. These changes were mapped to genes encoding neuronal functions including postsynaptic gene ontology categories. Thus, the brain's response to proton irradiation is both specific and prolonged and involves novel remodeling of non-random regions of the epigenome.", "release_date": "2022-04-28", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-374/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Hippocampus" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)", "DIP-seq" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling", "DNA methylation profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Soren Timothy Carl Amanuel Fatema Damian Tessa Lara-Kirstie Blair Susanna Mitchell S Jacob Impey Jopson Pelz Tafessu Fareh Zuloaga Marzulla Riparip Stewart Rosi Turker Raber" ], "publication_title": "Bi-directional and shared epigenomic signatures following proton and 56Fe irradiation." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-375", "osd_num": 375, "identifiers": "GLDS-375", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-375", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/375", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/375" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional profiling of roots and shoots from Brachypodium distachyon seedlings flown on the ISS", "description": "Most major cereal grain crops are monocots. Yet, most investigations of plant adaptation to the spaceflight environment have been carried out on the dicotyledonous model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. It remains unknown whether the conclusions from such studies can be extrapolated to monocotyledonous plants. To fill this knowledge gap, seedlings of three different accessions of Brachypodium distachyon (Bd21, Bd21-3, and Gaz8), a model for temperate grasses including cereal crops, were grown on the International Space Station in the Veggie hardware and on the ground in matched conditions. To synchronize germination, seedlings were grown for 24 hours in red light. Then, seedlings were grown with green/blue/red light using a 24 hour photo period for 4 additional days. At this point, seedlings were harvested and placed in room temperature RNAlater for 24 hours before being moved to -80 C for storage and later dissection into roots and shoots. This dataset features ribodepleted RNA-seq data from the Bd21, Bd21-3 and Gaz8 accessions.", "release_date": "2021-05-20", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-375/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Brachypodium distachyon" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Accession", "Organism Part" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Accession", "organism part" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-14" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Patrick Shih-heng Jonathan San-Huei Amanda Valery Marie Sylvain Samrawit Howard M M T V G G Masson Su Galazka Lai Polo Saravia-Butler Boyko Dinh Costes Gebre Levine" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-379", "osd_num": 379, "identifiers": "GLDS-379", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-379", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/379", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/379" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional profiling of livers from mice flown on Rodent Research Reference Mission-1 (RRRM-1)", "description": "In the Rodent Research Reference Mission (RRRM-1), forty female BALB/cAnNTac mice were flown on the International Space Station. To assess differences in outcomes due to age, twenty 10-12 week-old and twenty 32 week-old mice were flown, respectively. To directly assess spaceflight effects, half of the young and old mice (10 old, 10 young) were sacrificed on-orbit after 22-23 days (ISS Terminal, ISS-T), while the other half (10 old, 10 young) were returned live to Earth after 40 days and allowed to recover for 2 days (Live Animal Return, LAR) before sacrifice. Both the ISS-T and LAR animals had independent ground controls (10 mice housed in flight hardware in matched environmental conditions), basal controls (10 mice sacrificed 1 day after launch), and vivarium controls (10 mice housed within standard vivarium habitats). Thus RRRM-1 included a total of 160 mice. This datasets features ribodepleted total RNA-seq data from livers dissected from all groups in RRRM-1. Data from 7-10 livers per group are included. All samples include either Mix 1 or Mix 2 of the ERCC spike-in control.", "release_date": "2021-05-26", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-379/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Left Lobe of the Liver" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NovaSeq" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Duration", "Euthanasia Location", "Dissection Condition", "Age" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "duration", "Euthanasia Location", "Dissection Condition", "age" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-16" ], "flight_programs": [ "Internation Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan San-Huei Alec Amanda Houseman Valery Lovorka Shyamli Michael Louis Samrawit Sylvain M M G V Galazka Lai Polo Vallota-Eastman Saravia-Butler Charles Boyko Degoricija Narang Roberts Stodieck Gebre Costes" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-383", "osd_num": 383, "identifiers": "GLDS-383", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-383", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/383", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/383" } }, "overview": { "title": "Long-read sequencing reveals increased occurrence of genomic variants and adenosine methylation in Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032 after long-duration flight exposure onboard the International Space Station", "description": "Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032, an endospore-forming bacterial strain, was investigated to determine its methylation pattern (methylome) change, compared to ground control, after direct exposure to space conditions onboard the International Space Station (ISS) for 1.5 years. The resulting ISS-flown and non-flown strains were sequenced using the Nanopore MinION and an in-house method and pipeline to identify methylated positions in the genome. Our analysis indicated genomic variants and m6A methylation increased in the ISS-flown SAFR-032. To complement the broader omics investigation and explore phenotypic changes, ISS-flown and non-flown strains were compared in a series of laboratory-based chamber experiments using an X-ray irradiation source (doses applied at 250, 500, 750, 1000 and 1250 Gy); results show a potentially higher survival fraction of ISS-flown DS2 at the two highest exposures. Taken together, results from this study document lasting changes to the genome by methylation, potentially triggered by conditions in spaceflight, with functional consequences for the resistance of bacteria to stressors expected on long-duration missions beyond low Earth orbit.", "release_date": "2022-04-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-383/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Bacillus pumilus" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "nucleotide sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "genome sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Oxford Nanopore Technologies" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Samantha Marshall Amanda Sonali Bianca Jordan Joseph Patrick Kasthuri David M M J Waters Ledford Wacker Verma Serda McKaig Varelas Nicoll Venkateswaran Smith" ], "publication_title": "Long-read sequencing reveals increased occurrence of genomic variants and adenosine methylation in Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032 after long-duration flight exposure onboard the International Space Station" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-385", "osd_num": 385, "identifiers": "GLDS-385", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-385", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/385", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/385" } }, "overview": { "title": "Persistence of Escherichia coli in the microbiomes of red Romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. ‘Outredgeous’)- does seed sanitization matter?", "description": "Seed sanitization via chemical processes removes/reduces microbes from the external surfaces of the seed and thereby could have an impact on the plants‚health or productivity. To determine the impact of seed sanitization on the plants‚microbiome and pathogen persistence, sanitized and unsanitized seeds from two leafy green crops, red Romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. ‚Outredgeous‚) and mizuna mustard (Brassica rapa var. japonica) were exposed to Escherichia coli and grown in controlled environment growth chambers simulating environmental conditions aboard the International Space Station. Plants were harvested at four intervals from 7 days post-germination to maturity. The bacterial communities of leaf and root were investigated using the 16S rRNA sequencing while quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and heterotrophic plate counts were used to reveal the persistence of E. coli. E. coli persisted for longer periods of time in plants from sanitized versus unsanitized seeds and was identified in root tissue more frequently than in leaf tissue. 16S rRNA sequencing showed dynamic changes in the abundance of members of the phylum Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes in leaf and root samples of both leafy crops. We observed minimal changes in the microbial diversity of lettuce or mizuna leaf tissue with time or between sanitized and unsanitized seeds. Beta-diversity showed that time had more of an influence on all samples versus the E. coli treatment. Our results indicated that the seed surface sanitization a requirement for sending seeds to space influences the microbiome. Insight into the changes in the crop microbiomes could lead to healthier plants and safer food supplementation.", "release_date": "2023-04-28", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-385/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "16S" ], "measurement_types": [ "Amplicon Sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Treatment", "Seed Sanitization", "Organism Part" ], "types": [ "treatment", "Seed Sanitization", "Organism Part" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Anirudha R. Christina L. M. Mary E. Cory J. LaShelle E. Jason A. Aaron B. Jennifer L. Gretchen J. Raymond M. Gioia D. Matthew W. Dixit Khodadad Hummerick Spern Spencer Fischer Curry Gooden Maldonado Vazquez Wheeler Massa Romeyn" ], "publication_title": "Persistence of Escherichia coli in the microbiomes of red Romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. ‘Outredgeous’) and mizuna mustard (Brassica rapa var. japonica) - does seed sanitization matter?" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-386", "osd_num": 386, "identifiers": "GLDS-386", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-386", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/386", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/386" } }, "overview": { "title": "Persistence of Escherichia coli in the microbiomes of mizuna mustard (Brassica rapa var. japonica) - does seed sanitization matter?", "description": "Seed sanitization via chemical processes removes/reduces microbes from the external surfaces of the seed and thereby could have an impact on the plants' health or productivity. To determine the impact of seed sanitization on the plants' microbiome and pathogen persistence, sanitized and unsanitized seeds from two leafy green crops, red Romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. 'Outredgeous') and mizuna mustard (Brassica rapa var. japonica) were exposed to Escherichia coli and grown in controlled environment growth chambers simulating environmental conditions aboard the International Space Station. Plants were harvested at four intervals from 7 days post-germination to maturity. The bacterial communities of leaf and root were investigated using the 16S rRNA sequencing while quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and heterotrophic plate counts were used to reveal the persistence of E. coli. Result: E. coli was detectable for longer periods of time in plants from sanitized versus unsanitized seeds and was identified in root tissue more frequently than in leaf tissue. 16S rRNA sequencing showed dynamic changes in the abundance of members of the phylum Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes in leaf and root samples of both leafy crops. We observed minimal changes in the microbial diversity of lettuce or mizuna leaf tissue with time or between sanitized and unsanitized seeds. Beta-diversity showed that time had more of an influence on all samples versus the E. coli treatment. Conclusion: Our results indicated that the seed surface sanitization, a current requirement for sending seeds to space, could influence the microbiome. Insight into the changes in the crop microbiomes could lead to healthier plants and safer food supplementation.", "release_date": "2023-06-27", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-386/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "16S" ], "measurement_types": [ "Amplicon Sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Treatment", "Seed Sanitization", "Organism Part" ], "types": [ "treatment", "Seed Sanitization", "Organism Part" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Christina Anirudha Mary E. Cory J. LaShelle E. Jason A. Aaron B. Jennifer L. Gretchen J. Raymond M. Gioia D. Matthew W. Anirudha R. R Khodadad Dixit Hummerick Spern Spencer Fischer Curry Gooden Maldonado Vazquez Wheeler Massa Romeyn Dixit" ], "publication_title": "Persistence of Escherichia coli in the microbiomes of red Romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. ‘Outredgeous’) and mizuna mustard (Brassica rapa var. japonica) - does seed sanitization matter?" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-391", "osd_num": 391, "identifiers": "GLDS-391", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-391", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/391", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/391" } }, "overview": { "title": "Draft Genome Sequences of Heat-Shock Tolerant Firmicutes Isolated from a Spacecraft Assembly Facility", "description": "Heat-shock tolerant Firmicutes belonging to Bacillales and Micrococcales were isolated from space-craft relevant surfaces in the Spacecraft and Assembly Facility at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and 63 draft genome sequences were assembled and identified. Further analyses of these genomes can provide insight into methods for preventing forward contamination.", "release_date": "2021-12-15", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/genelab/img/GLDS391__study_image.png" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Bacillus licheniformis", "Bacillus altitudinis", "Alkalihalobacillus gibsonii", "Staphylococcus saprophyticus", "Bacillus safensis", "Virgibacillus pantothenticus", "Alkalihalobacillus clausii", "Cytobacillus oceanisediminis", "Priestia megaterium", "Bacillus glycinifermentans", "Oceanobacillus caeni", "Bacillus subtilis", "Bacillus pumilus", "Micrococcus luteus", "Brevibacillus parabrevis", "Bacillus haynesii", "Brevibacterium luteolum", "Bacillus paralicheniformis" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "nucleotide sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "genome sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Sample Location" ], "types": [ "Sample Location" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Julian Kasthuri Peres Venkateswaran" ], "publication_title": "Draft Genome Sequences of Heat Shock-Tolerant Microbes Isolated from a Spacecraft Assembly Facility" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-396", "osd_num": 396, "identifiers": "GLDS-396", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-396", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/396", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/396" } }, "overview": { "title": "Gene-metabolite networks associated with impediment of bone fracture repair in spaceflight", "description": "Adverse effects of spaceflight on musculoskeletal health increase the risk of bone injury and impairment of fracture healing. Its yet elusive molecular comprehension warrants immediate attention, since space travel is becoming more frequent. Here we examined the effects of spaceflight on bone fracture healing using a 2 mm femoral segmental bone defect (SBD) model. Forty, 9-week-old, male C57BL/6J mice were randomized into 4 groups: 1) Sham surgery on Ground (G-Sham); 2) Sham surgery housed in Spaceflight (FLT-Sham); 3) SBD surgery on Ground (G-Surgery); and 4) SBD surgery housed in Spaceflight (FLT-Surgery). Surgery procedures occurred 4 days prior to launch; post-launch, the spaceflight mice were house in the rodent habitats on the International Space Station (ISS) for approximately 4 weeks before euthanasia. Mice remaining on the Earth were subjected to identical housing and experimental conditions. The right femur from half of the spaceflight and ground groups was investigated by micro-computed tomography (µCT). In the remaining mice, the callus regions from surgery groups and corresponding femoral segments in sham mice were probed by global transcriptomic and metabolomic assays. µCT confirmed escalated bone loss in FLT-Sham compared to G-Sham mice. Comparing to their respective on-ground counterparts, the morbidity gene-network signal was inhibited in sham spaceflight mice but activated in the spaceflight callus. µCT analyses of spaceflight callus revealed increased trabecular spacing and decreased trabecular connectivity. Activated apoptotic signals in spaceflight callus were synchronized with inhibited cell migration signals that potentially hindered the wound site to recruit growth factors. A major pro-apoptotic and anti-migration gene network, namely the RANK-NFκB axis, emerged as the central node in spaceflight callus. Concluding, spaceflight suppressed a unique biomolecular mechanism in callus tissue to facilitate a failed regeneration, which merits a customized intervention strategy. Source name abbreviation key: surgically operated on using the sham saline treatment (Sh); non-surgical control (NS); Ground Control group (G); Flight Group (F); Whole Body frozen as sample on ISS (W).", "release_date": "2021-07-08", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-396/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Callus", "Not Available" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Treatment" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-10" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Aarti Rasha Gautam Hammamieh" ], "publication_title": "Gene-metabolite networks associated with impediment of bone fracture repair in spaceflight." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-397", "osd_num": 397, "identifiers": "GLDS-397", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-397", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/397", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/397" } }, "overview": { "title": "Illumina NGS RNA-seq and RRBS Sequencing on Spaceflight Mouse Retina", "description": "This study was under the umbrella of the NASA Rodent Research-1 project consortium. In this project, 16-week-old female C57 BL/6J mice were sent to International Space Station (ISS) in NASA's animal enclosure modules (AEM) and were kept inside ISS middeck for 37 days. We used transcrptomic and methylomic approaches to investigated the spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) using retinas from those spaceflight mice.", "release_date": "2021-06-30", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-397/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Right retina", "Left retina" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)", "Reduced-Representation Bisulfite Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling", "DNA methylation profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-4" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Xiao Charles Eugenia Mao Wang Mata-Greenwood" ], "publication_title": "Spaceflight decelerates the epigenetic clock orchestrated with a global alteration in DNA methylome and transcriptome in the mouse retina." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-400", "osd_num": 400, "identifiers": "GLDS-400", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-400", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/400", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/400" } }, "overview": { "title": "Draft Genomes of Fungi Isolated from the International Space Station during the Microbial Tracking-2 Experiment", "description": "Draft genomes of fungi isolated from different surfaces on the International Space Station, as part of the Microbial Tracking 2 mission (ISS-MOP).", "release_date": "2021-07-27", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-400/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Aspergillus unguis", "Cladosporium sphaerospermum", "Rhodotorula mucilaginosa", "Penicillium palitans", "Aureobasidium pullulans", "Penicillium rubens", "Penicillium corylophilum", "Cladosporium cladosporioides", "Penicillium citrinum", "Fusarium annulatum", "Fusarium veterinarium" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "nucleotide sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "genome sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Strain" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "strain" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Anna Camilla Nitin John Jason Marilyne Niamh Jos Chris Kasthuri K M B E Simpson Urbaniak Singh Bateh Wood Debieu O'Hara Houbraken Mason Venkateswaran" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-401", "osd_num": 401, "identifiers": "GLDS-401", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-401", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/401", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/401" } }, "overview": { "title": "Alternative splicing regulates the physiological adaptation of the mouse hind limb postural and phasic muscles to microgravity", "description": "We sought to comprehensively elucidate the transcriptomic underpinnings of microgravity-induced muscle phenotypes in mice by evaluating both differential gene expression (DGE) and changes in alternative splicing (AS) due to extended spaceflight. Total RNA was isolated from the gastrocnemius and quadriceps, postural and phasic muscles of the hind limb, respectively, of 32-week-old female BALB/c mice exposed to microgravity or ground control conditions for nine weeks. RNA sequencing revealed that DGE and AS varied across postural and phasic muscle types with preferential employment of DGE in the gastrocnemius and AS in the quadriceps. Gene ontology analysis indicated that DGE and AS regulate distinct molecular processes. Various non-differentially expressed transcripts encoding musculoskeletal proteins (Tnnt3, Tnnt1, Neb, Ryr1, and Ttn) and muscle-specific RNA binding splicing regulators (Mbnl1 and Rbfox1) were found to have significant changes in AS that altered critical functional domains of their protein products. In striking contrast, microgravity-induced differentially expressed genes were associated with translation/ribosomal function and lipid metabolism. Our work serves as the first comprehensive investigation of coordinate changes in DGE and AS in large limb muscles across spaceflight. We propose that substantial remodeling of pre-mRNA by AS is a major component of transcriptomic adaptation of skeletal muscle to microgravity. The alternatively spliced genes identified here could be targeted by small molecule splicing regulator therapies to address microgravity-induced changes in muscle during spaceflight.", "release_date": "2021-06-25", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-401/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Quadriceps femoris", "Gastrocnemius" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Tissue" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "tissue" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-11" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Yuanyuan Wang" ], "publication_title": "Alternative splicing diversifies the skeletal muscle transcriptome during prolonged spaceflight" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-402", "osd_num": 402, "identifiers": "GLDS-402", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-402", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/402", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/402" } }, "overview": { "title": "Single cell transcriptional profiling of femur bone marrow from mice flown on Rodent Research Reference Mission-2 (RRRM-2)", "description": "In the Rodent Research Reference Mission (RRRM-2), forty female C57BL/6NTac mice were flown on the International Space Station. To assess differences in outcomes due to age, twenty 12 week-old and twenty 29 week-old mice were flown, respectively. To directly assess spaceflight effects, half of the young and old mice (10 old, 10 young) were sacrificed on-orbit after 55-58 days (ISS Terminal, ISS-T), while the other half (10 old, 10 young) were returned live to Earth after 32 days and allowed to recover for 24 days (Live Animal Return, LAR) before sacrifice. ISS-T and LAR mice were the same age at sacrifice. Both the ISS-T and LAR animals had independent ground controls (10 mice per group housed in flight hardware in matched environmental conditions), basal controls (10 mice per group sacrificed 2 days before launch), and vivarium controls (10 mice per group housed within standard vivarium habitats). Thus RRRM-2 included a total of 160 mice. This study includes single cell transcriptional profiling data from femur bone marrow from 4 young LAR flight animals, 4 old LAR flight animals, 4 young LAR ground control animals, and 4 old LAR ground control animals.", "release_date": "2021-08-12", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-402/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Bone marrow of femur" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "single-cell RNA Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NovaSeq 6000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Age" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "age" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-18" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "NASA Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan Cassie Egle Louis Michael Sylvain Samrawit Virginia Valery Cassie San-Huei Kristen Amanda Lauren M V G M Galazka Juran Cekanaviciute Stodieck Roberts Costes Gebre Ferguson Boyko Juran Lai Polo Peach Saravia-Butler Sanders" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-403", "osd_num": 403, "identifiers": "GLDS-403", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-403", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/403", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/403" } }, "overview": { "title": "Single cell transcriptional profiling of humerus bone marrow from mice flown on Rodent Research Reference Mission-2 (RRRM-2)", "description": "In the Rodent Research Reference Mission (RRRM-2), forty female C57BL/6NTac mice were flown on the International Space Station. To assess differences in outcomes due to age, twenty 12 week-old and twenty 29 week-old mice were flown, respectively. To directly assess spaceflight effects, half of the young and old mice (10 old, 10 young) were sacrificed on-orbit after 55-58 days (ISS Terminal, ISS-T), while the other half (10 old, 10 young) were returned live to Earth after 32 days and allowed to recover for 24 days (Live Animal Return, LAR) before sacrifice. ISS-T and LAR mice were the same age at sacrifice. Both the ISS-T and LAR animals had independent ground controls (10 mice per group housed in flight hardware in matched environmental conditions), basal controls (10 mice per group sacrificed 2 days before launch), and vivarium controls (10 mice per group housed within standard vivarium habitats). Thus RRRM-2 included a total of 160 mice. This study includes single cell transcriptional profiling data from humerus bone marrow from 4 young LAR flight animals, 4 old LAR flight animals, 4 young LAR ground control animals, and 4 old LAR ground control animals.", "release_date": "2021-08-12", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-403/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Bone marrow of humerus" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "single-cell RNA Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NovaSeq 6000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Age" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "age" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-18" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "NASA Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan Cassie Egle Louis Michael Sylvain Samrawit Virginia Valery Cassie San-Huei Kristen Amanda Lauren M V G M Galazka Juran Cekanaviciute Stodieck Roberts Costes Gebre Ferguson Boyko Juran Lai Polo Peach Saravia-Butler Sanders" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-404", "osd_num": 404, "identifiers": "GLDS-404", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-404", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/404", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/404" } }, "overview": { "title": "Single cell transcriptional profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from mice flown on Rodent Research Reference Mission-2 (RRRM-2)", "description": "In the Rodent Research Reference Mission (RRRM-2), forty female C57BL/6NTac mice were flown on the International Space Station. To assess differences in outcomes due to age, twenty 12 week-old and twenty 29 week-old mice were flown, respectively. To directly assess spaceflight effects, half of the young and old mice (10 old, 10 young) were sacrificed on-orbit after 55-58 days (ISS Terminal, ISS-T), while the other half (10 old, 10 young) were returned live to Earth after 32 days and allowed to recover for 24 days (Live Animal Return, LAR) before sacrifice. ISS-T and LAR mice were the same age at sacrifice. Both the ISS-T and LAR animals had independent ground controls (10 mice per group housed in flight hardware in matched environmental conditions), basal controls (10 mice per group sacrificed 2 days before launch), and vivarium controls (10 mice per group housed within standard vivarium habitats). Thus RRRM-2 included a total of 160 mice This study includes single cell transcriptional profiling data from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 4 young LAR flight animals, 4 old LAR flight animals, 4 young LAR ground control animals, and 4 old LAR ground control animals.", "release_date": "2021-08-12", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-404/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "peripheral blood mononuclear cell" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "single-cell RNA Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NovaSeq 6000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Age" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "age" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-18" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "NASA Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan Cassie Egle Louis Michael Sylvain Samrawit Virginia Valery San-Huei Kristen Amanda Lauren Cassie M V G M Galazka Juran Cekanaviciute Stodieck Roberts Costes Gebre Ferguson Boyko Lai Polo Peach Saravia-Butler Sanders Juran" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-405", "osd_num": 405, "identifiers": "GLDS-405", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-405", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/405", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/405" } }, "overview": { "title": "Single cell transcriptional profiling of spleens from mice flown on Rodent Research Reference Mission-2 (RRRM-2)", "description": "In the Rodent Research Reference Mission (RRRM-2), forty female C57BL/6NTac mice were flown on the International Space Station. To assess differences in outcomes due to age, twenty 12 week-old and twenty 29 week-old mice were flown, respectively. To directly assess spaceflight effects, half of the young and old mice (10 old, 10 young) were sacrificed on-orbit after 55-58 days (ISS Terminal, ISS-T), while the other half (10 old, 10 young) were returned live to Earth after 32 days and allowed to recover for 24 days (Live Animal Return, LAR) before sacrifice. ISS-T and LAR mice were the same age at sacrifice. Both the ISS-T and LAR animals had independent ground controls (10 mice per group housed in flight hardware in matched environmental conditions), basal controls (10 mice per group sacrificed 2 days before launch), and vivarium controls (10 mice per group housed within standard vivarium habitats). Thus RRRM-2 included a total of 160 mice. This study includes single cell transcriptional profiling data from the spleens from 4 young LAR flight animals, 4 old LAR flight animals, 4 young LAR ground control animals, and 4 old LAR ground control animals.", "release_date": "2021-08-12", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-405/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Spleen" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "single-cell RNA Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NovaSeq 6000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Age" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "age" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-18" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "NASA Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan Cassie Egle Louis Michael Sylvain Samrawit Virginia Valery Cassie San-Huei Kristen Amanda Lauren M V G M Galazka Juran Cekanaviciute Stodieck Roberts Costes Gebre Ferguson Boyko Juran Lai Polo Peach Saravia-Butler Sanders" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-406", "osd_num": 406, "identifiers": "GLDS-406", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-406", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/406", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/406" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptomic responses of Arabidopsis thaliana lines WS and sku5 to the Blue Origin NS-12 and Virgin Galactic VP-03 suborbital flights", "description": "The increasing availability of flights on suborbital rockets creates new avenues for the study of spaceflight effects on biological systems, in particular the transitions between hypergravity and microgravity. This paper presents an initial comparison of the responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to suborbital and atmospheric parabolic flights as an important step toward characterizing these emerging suborbital platforms and their effects on biology. Transcriptomic profiling of the response of the Arabidopsis ecotype Wassilewskija (WS) to the aggregate spaceflight experiences in the Blue Origin New Shepard and Virgin Galactic SpaceShipTwo rockets revealed that the transcriptomic load induced by flight differed greatly between the two flights, yet was biologically related to traditional parabolic flight responses. The sku5 skewing mutant and 14-3-3kappa:GFP regulatory protein overexpression lines each showed altered intra-platform responses compared to WS in the Blue Origin and parabolic flights, respectively. An additional parabolic flight using the F-104 Starfighter showed that the response of 14-3-3kappa:GFP to flight was modulated in a similar manner to the WS line. Despite the differing genotypes, experimental workflows, flight profiles and platforms, alteration of gene expression remodeling central metabolic processes was commonly observed as a response to the flights. The processes included carbon and nitrogen metabolism, branched-chain amino acid degradation, and hypoxic responses. The timing and directionality of differentially-expressed genes involved in the conserved pathways differed among the platforms. The data presented herein highlight the potential for various suborbital platforms to contribute insights into biological responses to spaceflight, and further suggest that in-flight fixation during suborbital experiments will provide insights into responses to each phase of flight. Multiple genotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings were flown on either the Virgin Galactic SpaceShipTwo (VG VP-03; Col-0 and WS) or Blue Origin New Shepard (BO NS-12; WS and sku5) suborbital flight platforms. Plates containing the seedlings, 10 days and 11 days old in VG and BO, respectively, were wrapped in Duvetyn Black-Out cloth and mounted to the internal wall of the FLEX imaging system payload used in these flights. Gene expression was compared between the ground control and spaceflight-exposed seedlings via RNA-Seq analysis of extracted total RNA from the roots of these seedlings", "release_date": "2021-04-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-406/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [ "root" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spacecraft", "Altered Gravity", "Ecotype", "Genotype" ], "types": [ "Spacecraft", "Gravity", "Altered", "ecotype", "Genotype" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "VSS Unity" ], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Robert J Ferl" ], "publication_title": "Shared Metabolic Remodeling Processes Characterize the Transcriptome of Arabidopsis thaliana within Various Suborbital Flight Environments" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-410", "osd_num": 410, "identifiers": "GLDS-410", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-410", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/410", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/410" } }, "overview": { "title": "Dataset for dose and time-dependent transcriptional response to ionizing radiation exposure.", "description": "One of the most likely risks astronauts on long duration space missions face is exposure to ionizing radiation associated with highly energetic and charged heavy (HZE) particles. Since access to medical expertise on such a mission is limited at best, early diagnosis and mitigation of such exposure is critical. In order to accurately determine the time since exposure and dosage of exposure, dose- and time-dependent biomarkers are needed. Therefore, we performed a dose- and time-course transcriptional analysis for radiation exposure at 0, 0.15, 0.30, and 1.5 Gy with corresponding time points at 1 hour (hr)post-exposure as well as 2 hr and 6 hr using Affymetrix Human PrimeArray chips. The analysis of our data suggests a set of sensitive genetic biomarkers specific to each radiation level as well as generic radiation response biomarkers. Upregulated biomarkers can then be used within lab-on-a-chip (LOC) systems to detect exposure to ionizing radiation. Overall design: A total of 100 human samples representing radiation exposure at levels 0 Gy, 0.15 Gy, 0.30 Gy and 1.5 Gy at time points 1 hour (hr), 2 hr, and 6 hr post-exposure were constructed. Blood samples were extracted from ten human volunteers, and were irradiated. Leukocytes were extracted, and gene expression was measured. Samples for all ten volunteers were measured at 1 hr and 2 hr for all four dose levels, while samples from volunteers 1,2,3,4, and 7 were measured at 6 hr, resulting in 10 replicates at 1 hr and 2 hr for each dosage, and 5 replicates at 6 hr post-exposure. Thus, a total of 25 samples at each of the four radiation levels were sampled, yielding the total of 100 samples.", "release_date": "2017-12-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-410/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Blood" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Time of Sample Collection after Treatment", "Ionizing Radiation", "Absorbed Radiation Dose" ], "types": [ "Time of Sample Collection after Treatment", "ionizing radiation", "absorbed radiation dose" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Eric Rouchka" ], "publication_title": "Dataset for dose and time-dependent transcriptional response to ionizing radiation exposure." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-411", "osd_num": 411, "identifiers": "GLDS-411", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-411", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/411", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/411" } }, "overview": { "title": "Plant Gravity Perception: Pilot (PGP Pilot)", "description": "This study examined tissue-specific early transcriptional responses upon reorientation in wild type and starchless pgm-1 mutant seedlings of Arabidopsis. Seedlings were grown in vertical Petri dishes for four days. Treatment samples were reoriented 90 degrees for ten minutes while control plants remained vertical. All seedlings were flash frozen in liquid nitrogen and RNA was extracted from root tips, mature root, hypocotyl, and cotyledon fractions of the seedlings. RNA was sequenced via NovaSeq.", "release_date": "2022-04-20", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-411/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [ "root tip", "Cotyledon", "mature root", "Hypocotyl" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Genotype", "Organism Part", "Treatment" ], "types": [ "Genotype", "Organism Part", "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Chris Wolverton" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-412", "osd_num": 412, "identifiers": "GLDS-412", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-412", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/412", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/412" } }, "overview": { "title": "Spatial characterization of microbial communities on multi-species leafy greens grown simultaneously in the Veggie vegetable production systems on the International Space Station VEG-03D", "description": "Investigates the microbial communities of plants and Veggie pillow components with culturable and non-culturable methods providing qualitative and quantitative data. This studies also stresses the food safety component of fresh crops grown on the ISS. The VEG-03D technology demonstration was completed achieving simultaneous multi-species plant growth within a Veggie unit on the International Space Station (ISS). Microbiological characterization using molecular and culture-based methods was performed on leaves and roots from two harvests of three leafy greens, red romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. ‘Outredgeous’); mizuna mustard, (Brassica rapa var japonica); and green leaf lettuce, (Lactuca sativa cv. Waldmann’s) and associated rooting pillow components and Veggie chamber surfaces. Culture based enumeration and pathogen screening indicated the leafy greens were safe for consumption. Surface samples of the Veggie facility and plant pillows revealed low counts of bacteria and fungi and are commonly isolated on ISS. Community analysis was completed with 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Comparisons between pillow components, and plant tissue types from VEG-03D, E, and F revealed higher diversity in roots and rooting substrate than the leaves and wick. This work provides valuable information for food production-related research on the ISS and the impact of the plant microbiome on this unique closed environment.", "release_date": "2024-06-21", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-412/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "16S" ], "measurement_types": [ "Amplicon Sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Organism Part" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Organism Part" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-12" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Christina Mary Anirudha LaShelle Gretchen Jennifer Cory Jason Nicole Raymond Matthew Trent Gioia Ye L.M. E. R. E. J. L. J. A. M. W. M. D. Khodadad Hummerick Dixit Spencer Maldonado-Vazquez Gooden Spern Fischer Dufour Wheeler Romeyn Smith Massa Zhang" ], "publication_title": "Spatial Characterization of Microbial Communities on Multi-Species Leafy Greens Grown Simultaneously in the Vegetable Production Systems on the International Space Station" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-413", "osd_num": 413, "identifiers": "GLDS-413", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-413", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/413", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/413" } }, "overview": { "title": "Spatial characterization of microbial communities on multi-species leafy greens grown simultaneously in the Veggie vegetable production systems on the International Space Station VEG-03E", "description": "Investigates the microbial communities of plants and Veggie pillow components with culturable and non-culturable methods providing qualitative and quantitative data. This studies also stresses the food safety component of fresh crops grown on the ISS. The VEG-03E technology demonstration was completed within a Veggie unit on the International Space Station (ISS). Microbiological characterization using molecular and culture-based methods was performed on leaves and roots from two harvests of green leaf lettuce, (Lactuca sativa cv. Waldmann’s) and associated rooting pillow components and Veggie chamber surfaces. Culture based enumeration and pathogen screening indicated the leafy greens were safe for consumption. Surface samples of the Veggie facility and plant pillows revealed low counts of bacteria and fungi and are commonly isolated on ISS. Community analysis was completed with 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Comparisons between pillow components, and plant tissue types from VEG-03D, E, and F revealed higher diversity in roots and rooting substrate than the leaves and wick. This work provides valuable information for food production-related research on the ISS and the impact of the plant microbiome on this unique closed environment.", "release_date": "2024-06-14", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-413/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "16S" ], "measurement_types": [ "amplicon sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Organism Part" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Organism Part" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-12" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Christina Mary Anirudha LaShelle Gretchen Jennifer Cory Jason Nicole Raymond Matthew Trent Gioia Ye L.M. E. R. E. J. L. J. A. M. W. M. D. Khodadad Hummerick Dixit Spencer Maldonado-Vazquez Gooden Spern Fischer Dufour Wheeler Romeyn Smith Massa Zhang" ], "publication_title": "Spatial Characterization of Microbial Communities on Multi-Species Leafy Greens Grown Simultaneously in the Vegetable Production Systems on the International Space Station" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-414", "osd_num": 414, "identifiers": "GLDS-414", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-414", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/414", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/414" } }, "overview": { "title": "Spatial characterization of microbial communities on multi-species leafy greens grown simultaneously in the Veggie vegetable production systems on the International Space Station VEG-03F", "description": "Investigates the microbial communities of plants and Veggie pillow components with culturable and non-culturable methods providing qualitative and quantitative data. This studies also stresses the food safety component of fresh crops grown on the ISS. The VEG-03F technology demonstration took place within a Veggie unit on the International Space Station (ISS). Microbiological characterization using molecular methods was performed on leaves and roots from one harvest of red romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. ‘Outredgeous’) and associated rooting pillow components and Veggie chamber surfaces. Culture based enumeration and pathogen screening indicated the leafy greens were safe for consumption. Surface samples of the Veggie facility and plant pillows revealed low counts of bacteria and fungi and are commonly isolated on ISS. Community analysis was completed with 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Comparisons between pillow components, and plant tissue types from VEG-03D, E, and F revealed higher diversity in roots and rooting substrate than the leaves and wick. This work provides valuable information for food production-related research on the ISS and the impact of the plant microbiome on this unique closed environment.", "release_date": "2024-06-18", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-414/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "16S" ], "measurement_types": [ "Amplicon Sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Organism Part" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Organism Part" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-12" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Christina Mary Cory Anirudha LaShelle Gretchen Jennifer Jason Nicole Raymond Matthew Trent Gioia Ye L.M. E. J. R. E. J. L. A. M. W. M. D. Khodadad Hummerick Spern Dixit Spencer Maldonado-Vazquez Gooden Fischer Dufour Wheeler Romeyn Smith Massa Zhang" ], "publication_title": "Spatial Characterization of Microbial Communities on Multi-Species Leafy Greens Grown Simultaneously in the Vegetable Production Systems on the International Space Station" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-416", "osd_num": 416, "identifiers": "GLDS-416", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-416", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/416", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/416" } }, "overview": { "title": "Characterizing Epigenetic Changes in Methylation Mutants (elp2-5 and met1-7) in Response to Spaceflight. [Bisulfite-Seq]", "description": "Epigenetic changes in the DNA methylome are increasingly shown to play an integral role in regulating gene expression necessary for plants’ adaption to environmental stressors. Plants subjected to the novel environment of spaceflight onboard the International Space Station (ISS), show stress-related transcriptomic changes most notably associated with pathogen stress response. Here, we investigate how known terrestrial stress associated epigenetic modulations might play a role in spaceflight adaptation. To examine the role of 5mCyt in spaceflight adaptation, the APEX04-EPEX experiment conducted onboard the ISS evaluated the spaceflight altered genome wide methylation profiles of two methylation regulating gene mutants, methyltransferase 1 (met1-7) and elongator complex subunit 2 (elp2-5), that are involved in pathogen defense response, along with a wild type Col-0 control. MethylSeq and RNAseq analyses were performed on both spaceflight grown samples and ground grown controls. In addition, the epigenetics effects that may contribute to the differential gene expression patterns observed between leaf and root tissues were also investigated in an organ-specific manner.", "release_date": "2021-08-13", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-416/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "Bisulfite sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "DNA methylation profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Genotype", "Organism Part" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Genotype", "Organism Part" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-10" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Robert Paul J Ferl Anna-Lisa" ], "publication_title": "Epigenomic Regulators Elongator Complex Subunit 2 and Methyltransferase 1 Differentially Condition the Spaceflight Response in Arabidopsis." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-417", "osd_num": 417, "identifiers": "GLDS-417", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-417", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/417", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/417" } }, "overview": { "title": "Specific Host Metabolite and Gut Microbiome Alterations Are Associated with Bone-loss During Spaceflight", "description": "Understanding the axis of the human microbiome and physiological homeostasis is an essential task in managing deep-space travel associated health risks. The NASA led Rodent Research 5 mission enabled an ancillary investigation of the gut microbiome varying exposure to microgravity (flight) relative to ground controls in the context of previously shown bone mineral density (BMD) loss that was observed in these flight groups. We demonstrate elevated abundance of Lactobacillus murinus and Dorea sp. during microgravity exposure relative to ground control through whole genome sequencing and 16S rRNA analyses. Specific functionally assigned gene clusters of Lactobacillus murinus and Dorea sp. capable of producing metabolites, lactic acid, leucine/isoleucine, and glutathione are enriched. These metabolites are elevated in the microgravity-exposed host serum through LC-MS/MS metabolomic analysis. Along with BMD loss, ELISA analysis reveals increases of osteocalcin and reductions in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b signifying additional loss of bone homeostasis in flight.", "release_date": "2023-04-19", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-417/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus", "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [ "oral swab specimen", "Feces", "Serum" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "16S", "Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing", "mass spectrometry" ], "measurement_types": [ "Amplicon Sequencing", "Metagenomic sequencing", "metabolite profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina HiSeq2500", "Illumina MiSeq", "Illumina NovaSeq 6000", "SCIEX QTRAP 6500 Triple Quadrupole LC-MS MS" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Time", "Euthanasia Location" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "time", "Euthanasia Location" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-11" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Joseph Bedree" ], "publication_title": "Specific host metabolite and gut microbiome alterations are associated with bone loss during spaceflight" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-418", "osd_num": 418, "identifiers": "GLDS-418", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-418", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/418", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/418" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional profiling of gastrocnemius from rats exposed to partial weight bearing treatment to mimic Martian gravity", "description": "To understand the effects of Martian gravity (40% Earth) on mammals, 14-week-old female Wistar rats were exposed to quadrupedal partial weight bearing (PWB) treatment by suspending the entire animal in a quadrupedal unloading apparatus. Treatments were based on mimicking the gravity experienced on Earth (100% weight bearing, PWB100) and Mars (40% weight bearing, PWB40). After a 14-day treatment at PWB100 or PWB40, rats were euthanized and gastrocnemius muscles dissected and preserved in RNALater. Subsequently, RNA was extracted, and libraries generated using a 3’ Tag-seq approach and sequenced at a depth of 40 M clusters (SE 93 bp). This dataset features data from PWB40 (n of 4) and PWB100 (n of 4) animals.", "release_date": "2021-12-16", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-418/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Rattus norvegicus" ], "material_types": [ "Gastrocnemius" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Partial Weight Bearing" ], "types": [ "Partial Weight Bearing" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Jonathan Lovorka Marie Seward San-Huei Amanda Marie Lovorka Valery Marie Charles Sylvain Samrawit M M T V G Galazka Degoricija Mortreux Rutkove Lai Polo Saravia-Butler Mortreux Degoricija Boyko Dinh Houseman Costes Gebre" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-419", "osd_num": 419, "identifiers": "GLDS-419", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-419", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/419", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/419" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional profiling of the right gastrocnemius muscle from mice flown on the RR-1 mission", "description": "In the NASA Rodent Research-1 (RR-1) validation study, ten 16-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were flown to the ISS for 37 days before euthanasia and subsequent dissection (Flight group). Due to crew time constraint, only two (out of ten) mice were dissected immediately after euthanasia to recover spleen and liver tissues on the ISS. The remaining eight animals were euthanized, then intact carcasses were placed in a pre-chilled cold stowage container and stored in the MELFI. There were respective cohorts of age-matched basal animals which were euthanized one day after launch as a baseline control (Basal control group) as well as age-matched ground control animals kept in an ISS Environmental Simulator at Kennedy Space Center (KSC) on a 4-day delay to mimic spaceflight conditions (Ground control group). In addition, the NASA Validation study also had a cohort of age-matched vivarium control animals that were housed in the vivarium cages and followed the same experimental timeline and process as the spaceflight animals (Vivarium control group). This dataset was generated only from Flight (n of 4) and Ground control (n of 8) animals that were euthanized and preserved intact on-orbit for subsequent dissection on the ground. Libraries were generated using a 3’ Tag-seq approach and sequenced at a depth of 40 M clusters (SE 93 bp).", "release_date": "2021-12-16", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-419/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Right gastrocnemius" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-4" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan Lovorka San-Huei Amanda Lovorka Valery Marie Charles Sylvain Samrawit M M T V G Galazka Degoricija Lai Polo Saravia-Butler Degoricija Boyko Dinh Houseman Costes Gebre" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-420", "osd_num": 420, "identifiers": "GLDS-420", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-420", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/420", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/420" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional profiling of spleens from mice flown on the RR-9 mission", "description": "The objective of the Rodent Research-9 (RR-9) mission was to use mice to understand the molecular basis of phenomena that affect astronauts during long-duration spaceflight, particularly visual impairment, and joint tissue degradation. To this end, a flight group (FLT) of 10-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were launched from Kennedy Space Center (KSC) on 8/14/2017 and housed in Rodent Habitats on the ISS for 33 days before being returned alive to Earth. After splashdown in the Pacific Ocean, the animals were transported to Loma Linda University (LLU) for testing, euthanasia, and dissection on 9/18/2018. Ground Control (GC) studies were planned to commence at KSC approximately one-week after the conclusion of the flight experiments. However, all the GC mouse studies at KSC had to be cancelled due to Hurricane Irma and potential adverse effects on the animal housing facility. The GC studies were therefore rescheduled and begun in May 2018. The GC was euthanized and dissected 6/18/2018 - 6/20/2018. Because this resulted in a different cohort of mice being used for the GC controls as compared to the flight (FLT) groups, two cohort controls were included in the study. The first, Cohort Control 1 (CC_C1), was from the same cohort as the FLT animals and was sacrificed and dissected 4 days after the FLT group (9/22/2017). The second, Cohort Control 2 (CC_C2), was from the same cohort as the GC, and was sacrificed and dissected 2-8 days after the GC, (6/24/2018 - 6/26/2018). The CC_C1 and CC_C2 groups were housed in standard cages and fed standard chow in contrast to all other groups which received Rodent Foodbars. Upon dissection, spleen tissues were preserved in liquid nitrogen and stored at 80 C before RNA was extracted. Only the flight (FLT, n of 10) and Ground Control (GC, n of 10) samples were processed and analyzed in this study. Libraries were generated using a 3’ Tag-seq approach and sequenced at a targeted depth of 40 M clusters (SE 93 bp).", "release_date": "2021-12-10", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-420/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Spleen-distal" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-12" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan Lovorka San-Huei Amanda Lovorka Valery Marie Charles Sylvain Samrawit M M T V G Galazka Degoricija Lai Polo Saravia-Butler Degoricija Boyko Dinh Houseman Costes Gebre" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-421", "osd_num": 421, "identifiers": "GLDS-421", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-421", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/421", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/421" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional profiling of thymus from mice flown on the RR-9 mission", "description": "The objective of the Rodent Research-9 (RR-9) mission was to use mice to understand the molecular basis of phenomena that affect astronauts during long-duration spaceflight, particularly visual impairment, and joint tissue degradation. To this end, a flight group (FLT) of 10-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were launched from Kennedy Space Center (KSC) on 8/14/2017 and housed in Rodent Habitats on the ISS for 33 days before being returned alive to Earth. After splashdown in the Pacific Ocean, the animals were transported to Loma Linda University (LLU) for testing, euthanasia, and dissection on 9/18/2018. Ground Control (GC) studies were planned to commence at KSC approximately one-week after the conclusion of the flight experiments. However, all the GC mouse studies at KSC had to be cancelled due to Hurricane Irma and potential adverse effects on the animal housing facility. The GC studies were therefore rescheduled and begun in May 2018. The GC was euthanized and dissected 6/18/2018 - 6/20/2018. Because this resulted in a different cohort of mice being used for the GC controls as compared to the flight (FLT) groups, two cohort controls were included in the study. The first, Cohort Control 1 (CC_C1), was from the same cohort as the FLT animals and was sacrificed and dissected 4 days after the FLT group (9/22/2017). The second, Cohort Control 2 (CC_C2), was from the same cohort as the GC, and was sacrificed and dissected 2-8 days after the GC, (6/24/2018 - 6/26/2018). The CC_C1 and CC_C2 groups were housed in standard cages and fed standard chow in contrast to all other groups which received Rodent Foodbars. Upon dissection, thymus tissues were preserved in liquid nitrogen and stored at 80 C before RNA was extracted. Only the flight (FLT, n of 10) and Ground Control (GC, n of 10) samples were processed and analyzed in this study. Libraries were generated using a 3’ Tag-seq approach and sequenced at a targeted depth of 40 M clusters (SE 93 bp).", "release_date": "2021-12-10", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-421/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "thymus" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-12" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan Lovorka San-Huei Amanda Lovorka Valery Marie Charles Sylvain Samrawit M M T V G Galazka Degoricija Lai Polo Saravia-Butler Degoricija Boyko Dinh Houseman Costes Gebre" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-422", "osd_num": 422, "identifiers": "GLDS-422", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-422", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/422", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/422" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional profiling of gastrocnemius muscle from rats flown on the SLS-1 mission", "description": "The Spacelab Life Sciences (SLS) program was a series of payloads that used the facilities of an entire Spacelab module to conduct a variety of life science investigations. The general objective of the research in the SLS programs was to study the acute and chronic changes that living systems undergo during exposure to the space environment. The specific objective of the Spacelab Life Sciences-1 (SLS-1) mission was to study the responses of rats to spaceflight and a period of re-exposure to Earth’s gravity. In addition, this mission allowed for the detailed studies on rodents flown in two different types of habitats (individual and group housed). The goals were to (1) verify the Research Animal Housing Facility (RAHF) and Animal Enclosure Module (AEM) and the capability of these facilities to maintain healthy animals for experimental use; (2) compare changes in rats exposed to spaceflight to the changes seen at 1g in rats housed in identical flight hardware and exposed to a similar flight environmental profile; and (3) compare the changes seen in rats flown in the RAHF with those seen in rats flown in the AEM and to identify housing-related effects. To this end, a flight group (FLT) of 65-day old male Sprague-Dawley rats were launched from Kennedy Space Center (KSC) on 6/5/1991 and singly housed in Research Animal Housing Facility (RAHF) on the shuttle for 9 days before being returned alive to Earth. After splashdown, the FLT animals were decapitated, and dissection occurred on 6/14/1991. Asynchronous ground control animals (GC) were exposed to identical environmental conditions as the FLT group except for noise profile, acceleration, and vibration. GC animals were housed in vivarium cages and dissection occurred on 7/19/1991. Upon dissection, gastrocnemius-lateral tissues were preserved in liquid nitrogen and stored at -70 C before RNA was extracted. The dataset features 7 FLT and 5 GC samples. All libraries were generated using the QIAseq UPX 3’ Transcriptome kit that enables 3’ gene expression analysis from purified RNA and sequenced around 40 M clusters at SE 93 bp.", "release_date": "2022-02-03", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-422/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Rattus norvegicus" ], "material_types": [ "right lateral gastrocnemius" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "STS-40" ], "flight_programs": [ "Space Transportation System (Shuttle)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan San-Huei Amanda Lovorka Valery Marie Charles Samrawit Sylvain M M T G V Galazka Lai Polo Saravia-Butler Degoricija Boyko Dinh Houseman Gebre Costes" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-423", "osd_num": 423, "identifiers": "GLDS-423", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-423", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/423", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/423" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional profiling of thymus tissue from rats flown on the SLS-2 mission", "description": "The Spacelab Life Sciences (SLS) program was a series of payloads that used the facilities of an entire Spacelab module to conduct a variety of life science investigations. The general objective of the research in the SLS programs was to study the acute and chronic changes that living systems undergo during exposure to the space environment. The specific objective of the Spacelab Life Sciences-2 (SLS-2) mission was to study the structural and functional changes occurring in the bone, muscle, blood, and balance systems of rats in response to space flight. Rats were housed in individual cages in the Research Animal Holding Facility (RAHF) and natural calcium in the food bar was replaced with a non-radioactive calcium isotope (40Ca). The General Purpose Transfer Unit (GPTU) was used to transfer rat cages from the RAHFs to the General Purpose Work Station (GPWS), enabling the crew to perform inflight experiment procedures on the rodents. To this end, a flight group (FLT) of 38-day old male Sprague-Dawley rats were launched from Kennedy Space Center (KSC) on 10/18/1993 and housed in Research Animal Housing Facility (RAHF) on the shuttle for 14 days before being returned alive to Earth. After splashdown, the FLT were decapitated, and dissection occurred on 11/1/1993. Asynchronous ground control animals (GC) were exposed identical environmental conditions as the FLT group except for noise profile, acceleration and vibration. GC animals were housed in SpaceLab-3 (SL-3) simulated cages and dissection occurred on 11/1/1993. Upon dissection, thymus tissues were preserved in liquid nitrogen and stored at -70 C before RNA was extracted. This dataset features 6 FLT and 6 GC biological replicates. In preparation for RNA extraction, thymus tissues were prepared by generating wedge cuts from the top and bottom of the tissue, designated as Cut1 and Cut2. RNA was then extracted from both sets of cuts for all samples. For all FLT and GC samples, purified RNA from Cut2 was selected for library construction. Additionally, purified RNA from Cut1 was also selected for library construction for only one FLT and one GC sample, FLT_F15_Cut1 and GC_G12_Cut1, respectively, which also included four technical replicates (LibRep1-4). All libraries were generated using the QIAseq UPX 3’ Transcriptome kit that enables 3’ gene expression analysis from purified RNA and sequenced around 40 M clusters at SE 93 bp.", "release_date": "2022-02-10", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-423/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Rattus norvegicus" ], "material_types": [ "thymus" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "STS-58" ], "flight_programs": [ "Space Transportation System (Shuttle)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan Lovorka San-Huei Amanda Lovorka Valery Marie Charles Samrawit Sylvain Jonathan M M T Gebre V Galazka Degoricija Lai Polo Saravia-Butler Degoricija Boyko Dinh Houseman Gebre Costes Oribello" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-425", "osd_num": 425, "identifiers": "GLDS-425", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-425", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/425", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/425" } }, "overview": { "title": "The effect of microgravity on the epigenetic modification in C. elegans - JAXA EPIGENETICS spaceflight experiment", "description": "We compared the entire gene expression of wild-type and mutants under µG and artificial 1G conditions. Two independent culture samples were analyzed for each condition. DNA microarray analyses were performed to determine the gene expression profiles of space-flown worms over four generations. N2 wild-type, RB756 hda-4 (ok518), and VC199 sir-2.1 (ok434) mutants were used to analyze epigenome alterations by histone deacetylase.", "release_date": "2021-08-31", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-425/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Caenorhabditis elegans" ], "material_types": [ "Whole Organism" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Genotype", "Generation", "Altered Gravity" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Genotype", "generation", "Gravity", "Altered" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "JAXA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Akira Higashibata" ], "publication_title": "Histone deacetylase HDA-4-mediated epigenetic regulation in space-flown C. elegans. Loss of physical contact in space alters the dopamine system in C. elegans." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-426", "osd_num": 426, "identifiers": "GLDS-426", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-426", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/426", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/426" } }, "overview": { "title": "Cerium oxide nanoparticle administration to skeletal muscle cells under different gravity and radiation conditions", "description": "For their remarkable biomimetic properties implying strong modulation of the intracellular and extracellular redox state, cerium oxide nanoparticles (also termed 'nanoceria') were hypothesized to exert a protective role against oxidative stress associated to the harsh environmental conditions of spaceflight, characterized by microgravity and highly energetic radiations. Nanoparticles were supplied to proliferating C2C12 mouse skeletal muscle cells under different gravity and radiation levels (microgravity+cosmic radiations or Earth gravity+cosmic radiations on board the International Space Station; Earth gravity on ground). Biological responses were thus investigated at a transcriptional level by RNA next-generation sequencing. Lists of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were generated and intersected by taking into consideration relevant comparisons, which led to the observation of prevailing effects of the space environment over those induced by nanoceria, possibly due to its administration during spaceflight. In space, up-regulation of transcription was slightly preponderant over down-regulation, and it implied involvement of intracellular compartments, with the majority of DEGs being consistently over- or under-expressed whenever present. Cosmic radiations regulated a higher number of DEGs than microgravity and seemed to promote increased cellular catabolism. By taking into consideration space physical stressors alone, microgravity and cosmic radiations appeared to have opposite effects at transcriptional level despite partial sharing of molecular pathways. Interestingly, gene ontology denoted some enrichment in terms related to vision, when only effects of radiation were assessed. The regulation of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 in space-relevant samples suggests perturbation of the intracellular redox homeostasis, and leaves open opportunities to antioxidant treatment for oxidative stress reduction in harsh environments. RNA-seq/miRNA-seq of C2C12 proliferating mouse myoblasts, cultured in the following conditions (n of 3): A (without nanoceria, in space without gravity), B (with nanoceria, in space without gravity), C (without nanoceria, in space with gravity), D (with nanoceria, in space with gravity), E (without nanoceria, on land), and F (with nanoceria, on land).", "release_date": "2021-09-08", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-426/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)", "miRNA Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Altered Gravity", "Treatment" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Gravity", "Altered", "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-17" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "ESA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Gianni Andrea Ciofani Deglinnocenti" ], "publication_title": "Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle Administration to Skeletal Muscle Cells under Different Gravity and Radiation Conditions" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-427", "osd_num": 427, "identifiers": "GLDS-427", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-427", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/427", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/427" } }, "overview": { "title": "Characterizing Epigenetic Changes in Methylation Mutants (elp2-5 and met1-7) in Response to Spaceflight. [RNA-Seq]", "description": "Epigenetic changes in the DNA methylome are increasingly shown to play an integral role in regulating gene expression necessary for plants adaption to environmental stressors. Plants subjected to the novel environment of spaceflight onboard the International Space Station (ISS), show stress-related transcriptomic changes most notably associated with pathogen stress response. Here, we investigate how known terrestrial stress associated epigenetic modulations might play a role in spaceflight adaptation. To examine the role of 5mCyt in spaceflight adaptation, the APEX04-EPEX experiment conducted onboard the ISS evaluated the spaceflight altered genome wide methylation profiles of two methylation regulating gene mutants (methyltransferase 1 (met1-7) and elongator complex subunit 2 (elp2-5) that are involved in pathogen defense response, along with a wild type Col-0 control. MethylSeq and RNAseq analyses were performed on both spaceflight grown samples and ground grown controls. In addition, the epigenetics effects that may contribute to the differential gene expression patterns observed between leaf and root tissues were also investigated in an organ-specific manner.", "release_date": "2021-08-13", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-427/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [ "leaf", "root" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Genotype", "Organism part" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Genotype", "Organism Part" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-10" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Robert Natasha Anna-Lisa Brandon NJ M. C. J. J Ferl Haveman Paul Califar Sng Zhou LeFrois Callaham" ], "publication_title": "Epigenomic Regulators Elongator Complex Subunit 2 and Methyltransferase 1 Differentially Condition the Spaceflight Response in Arabidopsis" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-428", "osd_num": 428, "identifiers": "GLDS-428", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-428", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/428", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/428" } }, "overview": { "title": "Profiling the response of Arabidopsis thaliana to altered gravity environments: Exposure of the 14-3-3k:GFP overexpression line on the F-104 Starfighter, second flight", "description": "The increasing availability of flights on suborbital rockets creates new avenues for the study of spaceflight effects on biological systems, in particular the transitions between hypergravity and microgravity. This paper presents an initial comparison of the responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to suborbital and atmospheric parabolic flights as an important step toward characterizing these emerging suborbital platforms and their effects on biology. Transcriptomic profiling of the response of the Arabidopsis ecotype Wassilewskija (WS) to the aggregate spaceflight experiences in the Blue Origin New Shepard and Virgin Galactic SpaceShipTwo rockets revealed that the transcriptomic load induced by flight differed greatly between the two flights, yet was biologically related to traditional parabolic flight responses. The sku5 skewing mutant and 14-3-3κ:GFP regulatory protein overexpression lines each showed altered intra-platform responses compared to WS in the Blue Origin and parabolic flights, respectively. An additional parabolic flight using the F-104 Starfighter showed that the response of 14-3-3κ:GFP to flight was modulated in a similar manner to the WS line. Despite the differing genotypes, experimental workflows, flight profiles and platforms, alteration of gene expression remodeling central metabolic processes was commonly observed as a response to the flights. The processes included carbon and nitrogen metabolism, branched-chain amino acid degradation, and hypoxic responses. The timing and directionality of differentially-expressed genes involved in the conserved pathways differed among the platforms. The data presented herein highlight the potential for various suborbital platforms to contribute insights into biological responses to spaceflight, and further suggest that in-flight fixation during suborbital experiments will provide insights into responses to each phase of flight.", "release_date": "2021-04-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-428/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Altered Gravity", "Time" ], "types": [ "Gravity", "Altered", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Robert J Ferl" ], "publication_title": "Shared Metabolic Remodeling Processes Characterize the Transcriptome of Arabidopsis thaliana within Various Suborbital Flight Environments" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-430", "osd_num": 430, "identifiers": "GLDS-430", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-430", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/430", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/430" } }, "overview": { "title": "Modulation of gene expression in rat muscle cells following treatment with nanoceria in different gravity regimes", "description": "Oxidative stress (OS) is strictly associated with senescence/pathogenesis of biological systems. As putative countermeasure to environmental OS, cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria [NC]) were administered to muscle cells on ground and aboard the International Space Station.", "release_date": "2018-10-18", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/genelab/img/GLDS430__study_image.png" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Rattus norvegicus" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Treatment" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-12" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "Italian Space Agency (ASI)", "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Gianni Ciofani" ], "publication_title": "Modulation of gene expression in rat muscle cells following treatment with nanoceria in different gravity regimes." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-431", "osd_num": 431, "identifiers": "GLDS-431", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-431", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/431", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/431" } }, "overview": { "title": "Microgravity and space radiation exert either opposite or synergic effects on single molecular pathways", "description": "Microgravity and space radiation (SR) are two highly influential factors affecting humans in space flight. Many health problems reported by astronauts derive from endothelial dysfunction and impaired homeostasis. Here we describe the adaptive response of human, capillary endothelial cells to space. Reference samples on ground and at 1g onboard allowed discrimination between the contribution of microgravity and SR within the combined response to space. Cell softening and reduced motility occurred in space, with loss of actin stress fibers and a greater distribution of microtubules and intermediate filaments in compensation. The frequency of primary cilia also increased. DNA repair mechanisms were indeed activated. Transcriptomics highlighted the opposing effect of microgravity from SR on specific molecular pathways: radiation, unlike microgravity, stimulated pathways for endothelial activation (hypoxia, inflammation), DNA repair and apoptosis, promoting an ageing-like phenotype; microgravity, unlike SR, activated pathways for metabolism and pro-proliferation phenotype. Thus, microgravity and SR should be considered separately to tailor effective countermeasures to protect astronauts’ health. To identify transcriptional changes induced by microgravity, space radiation, and their combination together with other stimuli in space flight, we used a model of human endothelial cells of microvascular origin (HMEC-1). Space samples were exposed to environmental microgravity (g) or set inside the centrifuge reproducing 1g; on ground samples were used as ground control.", "release_date": "2021-12-22", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-431/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Altered Gravity" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Gravity", "Altered" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "Soyuz TMA-18M" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "ESA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Debora Angeloni" ], "publication_title": "Microgravity and space radiation inhibit autophagy in human capillary endothelial cells, through either opposite or synergistic effects on specific molecular pathways." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-432", "osd_num": 432, "identifiers": "GLDS-432", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-432", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/432", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/432" } }, "overview": { "title": "Expression profiling reveals transcriptional regulation by Fbxw7/mTOR pathway in radiation-induced mouse thymic lymphomas", "description": "We used gene transcript profiling to gain a deeper understanding of the role of FBXW7 in tumor development and to determine the influence of mTOR inhibition by rapamycin on tumor transcriptome and biological functions. In comparison to tumors from p53 single heterozygous (p53+/-) mice, we find that tumors from Fbxw7/p53 double heterozygous (Fbxw7+/-p53+/-) mice show significant deregulation of cholesterol metabolic processes independent of rapamycin treatment, while cell cycle related genes were upregulated in tumors from placebo treated Fbxw7+/-p53+/- mice, but not in tumors from rapamycin treated Fbxw7+/-p53+/- mice. On the other hand, tumors from rapamycin treated Fbxw7+/-p53+/- mice were enriched for genes involved in the integrated stress response, an adaptive mechanism to survive in stressful environments. p53+/− and p53+/−Fbxw7+/− mice were generated by crossing p53-/- mice with Fbxw7+/- mice. At 5 weeks of age, mice were exposed whole-body to a single dose of 4 Gy X-ray irradiation. Mice were divided randomly into two groups and treated with rapamycin or placebo. RNA was isolated from thymic lymphomas.", "release_date": "2015-10-15", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-432/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "thymic lymphoma" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Genotype", "Treatment" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "Genotype", "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Antoine M Snijders" ], "publication_title": "Expression profiling reveals transcriptional regulation by Fbxw7/mTOR pathway in radiation-induced mouse thymic lymphomas. Co-Expression Network Analysis of Fbxw7-Associated LncRNAs Reveals Their Functions in Radiation-Induced Thymic Lymphoma." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-434", "osd_num": 434, "identifiers": "GLDS-434", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-434", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/434", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/434" } }, "overview": { "title": "Arabidopsis thaliana in altered gravity: the 14-3-3k:GFP overexpression line on the F-104 Starfighter, first flight", "description": "The increasing availability of flights on suborbital rockets creates new avenues for the study of spaceflight effects on biological systems, in particular the transitions between hypergravity and microgravity. This paper presents an initial comparison of the responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to suborbital and atmospheric parabolic flights as an important step toward characterizing these emerging suborbital platforms and their effects on biology. Transcriptomic profiling of the response of the Arabidopsis ecotype Wassilewskija (WS) to the aggregate spaceflight experiences in the Blue Origin New Shepard and Virgin Galactic SpaceShipTwo rockets revealed that the transcriptomic load induced by flight differed greatly between the two flights, yet was biologically related to traditional parabolic flight responses. The sku5 skewing mutant and 14-3-3κ:GFP regulatory protein overexpression lines each showed altered intra-platform responses compared to WS in the Blue Origin and parabolic flights, respectively. An additional parabolic flight using the F-104 Starfighter showed that the response of 14-3-3k:GFP to flight was modulated in a similar manner to the WS line. Despite the differing genotypes, experimental workflows, flight profiles and platforms, alteration of gene expression remodeling central metabolic processes was commonly observed as a response to the flights. The processes included carbon and nitrogen metabolism, branched-chain amino acid degradation, and hypoxic responses. The timing and directionality of differentially-expressed genes involved in the conserved pathways differed among the platforms. The data presented herein highlight the potential for various suborbital platforms to contribute insights into biological responses to spaceflight, and further suggest that in-flight fixation during suborbital experiments will provide insights into responses to each phase of flight.", "release_date": "2021-04-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-434/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Altered Gravity", "Time" ], "types": [ "Gravity", "Altered", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Robert J Ferl" ], "publication_title": "Shared Metabolic Remodeling Processes Characterize the Transcriptome of Arabidopsis thaliana within Various Suborbital Flight Environments" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-436", "osd_num": 436, "identifiers": "GLDS-436", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-436", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/436", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/436" } }, "overview": { "title": "Arabidopsis thaliana in altered gravity: WS in C-9 parabolic flight, 2015", "description": "The increasing availability of flights on suborbital rockets creates new avenues for the study of spaceflight effects on biological systems, in particular the transitions between hypergravity and microgravity. This paper presents an initial comparison of the responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to suborbital and atmospheric parabolic flights as an important step toward characterizing these emerging suborbital platforms and their effects on biology. Transcriptomic profiling of the response of the Arabidopsis ecotype Wassilewskija (WS) to the aggregate spaceflight experiences in the Blue Origin New Shepard and Virgin Galactic SpaceShip. Two rockets revealed that the transcriptomic load induced by flight differed greatly between the two flights, yet was biologically related to traditional parabolic flight responses. The sku5 skewing mutant and 14-3-3k:GFP regulatory protein overexpression lines each showed altered intra-platform responses compared to WS in the Blue Origin and parabolic flights, respectively. An additional parabolic flight using the F-104 Starfighter showed that the response of 14-3-3k:GFP to flight was modulated in a similar manner to the WS line. Despite the differing genotypes, experimental workflows, flight profiles and platforms, alteration of gene expression remodeling central metabolic processes was commonly observed as a response to the flights. The processes included carbon and nitrogen metabolism, branched-chain amino acid degradation, and hypoxic responses. The timing and directionality of differentially-expressed genes involved in the conserved pathways differed among the platforms. The data presented herein highlight the potential for various suborbital platforms to contribute insights into biological responses to spaceflight, and further suggest that in-flight fixation during suborbital experiments will provide insights into responses to each phase of flight.", "release_date": "2021-04-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-436/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Altered Gravity", "Time" ], "types": [ "Gravity", "Altered", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Robert J Ferl" ], "publication_title": "Shared Metabolic Remodeling Processes Characterize the Transcriptome of Arabidopsis thaliana within Various Suborbital Flight Environments" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-437", "osd_num": 437, "identifiers": "GLDS-437", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-437", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/437", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/437" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional and Post transcriptional Regulation of Seedling Development in Microgravity", "description": "The project focuses on understanding the transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms that regulate early seedling development in spaceflight and microgravity. One of the goals of the PRR experiment was to study the role of small regulatory RNAs in plant response to the space environment using Arabidopsis thaliana.", "release_date": "2022-10-06", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-437/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Age", "Altered Gravity", "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "age", "Gravity", "Altered", "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-9" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Eric Imara S Y Land Perera" ], "publication_title": "Conserved plant transcriptional responses to microgravity from two consecutive spaceflight experiments" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-450", "osd_num": 450, "identifiers": "GLDS-450", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-450", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/450", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/450" } }, "overview": { "title": "Arabidopsis thaliana in altered gravity: the 14-3-3κ:GFP overexpression line in C-9 parabolic flight, 2013", "description": "The increasing availability of flights on suborbital rockets creates new avenues for the study of spaceflight effects on biological systems, in particular the transitions between hypergravity and microgravity. This paper presents an initial comparison of the responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to suborbital and atmospheric parabolic flights as an important step toward characterizing these emerging suborbital platforms and their effects on biology. Transcriptomic profiling of the response of the Arabidopsis ecotype Wassilewskija (WS) to the aggregate spaceflight experiences in the Blue Origin New Shepard and Virgin Galactic SpaceShipTwo rockets revealed that the transcriptomic load induced by flight differed greatly between the two flights, yet was biologically related to traditional parabolic flight responses. The sku5 skewing mutant and 14-3-3κ:GFP regulatory protein overexpression lines each showed altered intra-platform responses compared to WS in the Blue Origin and parabolic flights, respectively. An additional parabolic flight using the F-104 Starfighter showed that the response of 14-3-3κ:GFP to flight was modulated in a similar manner to the WS line. Despite the differing genotypes, experimental workflows, flight profiles and platforms, alteration of gene expression remodeling central metabolic processes was commonly observed as a response to the flights. The processes included carbon and nitrogen metabolism, branched-chain amino acid degradation, and hypoxic responses. The timing and directionality of differentially-expressed genes involved in the conserved pathways differed among the platforms. The data presented herein highlight the potential for various suborbital platforms to contribute insights into biological responses to spaceflight, and further suggest that in-flight fixation during suborbital experiments will provide insights into responses to each phase of flight.", "release_date": "2021-04-03", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-450/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Altered Gravity", "Time" ], "types": [ "Gravity", "Altered", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "PF2013" ], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Robert J Ferl" ], "publication_title": "Shared Metabolic Remodeling Processes Characterize the Transcriptome of Arabidopsis thaliana within Various Suborbital Flight Environments" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-452", "osd_num": 452, "identifiers": "GLDS-452", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-452", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/452", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/452" } }, "overview": { "title": "Accelerated knowledge discovery from omics data by optimal experimental design", "description": "How to design experiments that accelerate knowledge discovery on complex biological landscapes remains a tantalizing question. Here, we present OPEX, an optimal experimental design method to identify informative omics experiments for both experimental space exploration and model training. OPEX-guided exploration of  Escherichia coli's cross-behavior potential, when exposed to novel biocide and antibiotic combinations, led to accelerated knowledge discovery with predictive models that are more accurate while needing 44% fewer data to train. Selecting experiments favoring broader exploration followed by fine-tuning emerged as the optimal strategy. This led to the discovery of 29 cross-protection and 4 cross-vulnerability conditions, with further validation revealing the central role of chaperones, stress response proteins and transport pumps in cross-stress exposure. This work demonstrates how active learning can be used to automate omics data collection for training accurate predictive models, evidence-driven decision making and accelerated knowledge discovery in life sciences.", "release_date": "2020-07-09", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/genelab/img/GLDS452__study_image.png" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Escherichia coli" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Treatment" ], "types": [ "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Ilias Tagkopoulos" ], "publication_title": "Accelerated knowledge discovery from omics data by optimal experimental design." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-455", "osd_num": 455, "identifiers": "GLDS-455", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-455", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/455", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/455" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptomic responses in mouse blood during the first week after in vivo gamma irradiation.", "description": "Due to limitations of available human models for development of gene expression based radiation biodosimetry, many such studies have made use of mouse models. To provide a broad view of the gene expression response to irradiation in the mouse, we have exposed male C57BL/6 mice to 0, 1.5, 3, 6 or 10 Gy of gamma rays, sacrificing groups of the mice at 1, 2, 3, 5, or 7 days after exposure. We then profiled global gene expression in blood from individual mice using Agilent microarrays. In general, we found increasing numbers of genes differentially expressed with increasing dose, with more prolonged responses after the higher doses. Gene ontology analysis showed a similar pattern, with more biological processes enriched among the genes responding to higher doses, and at later times after exposure. Clustering the timecourse expression data using maSigPro identified four broad patterns of response, representing different gene ontology functions. The largest of these clusters included genes with initially decreased expression followed by increased expression at later times, a pattern of expression previously reported for several genes following neutron exposure. Another gene cluster showing consistent down regulation suggests genes useful for biodosimetry throughout the first week after exposure can be identified.", "release_date": "2019-11-19", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-455/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Whole Blood" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Time of Sample Collection after Treatment", "Absorbed Radiation Dose", "Ionizing Radiation" ], "types": [ "Time of Sample Collection after Treatment", "absorbed radiation dose", "ionizing radiation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Sunirmal Norman J Sally A Paul Kleiman Amundson" ], "publication_title": "Transcriptomic responses in mouse blood during the first week after in vivo gamma irradiation." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-457", "osd_num": 457, "identifiers": "GLDS-457", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-457", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/457", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/457" } }, "overview": { "title": "Expression profiles in multiple tissues of WT and Nrf2-knockout mouse under space flight", "description": "Space flight produces an extreme environment with unique stressors, but little is known about how our body responds to these stresses. While there are many intractable limitations for in-flight space research, some can be overcome by utilizing gene knockout-disease model mice. Here, we report how deletion of Nrf2, a master regulator of stress defense pathways, affects the health of mice transported for a stay in the International Space Station (ISS). After 31 days in the ISS, all flight mice returned safely to Earth. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed that the stresses of space travel evoked ageing-like changes of plasma metabolites and activated the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Especially, Nrf2 was found to be important for maintaining homeostasis of white adipose tissues. This study opens approaches for future space research utilizing murine gene knockout-disease models, and provides insights into mitigating space-induced stresses that limit the further exploration of space by humans.", "release_date": "2020-10-02", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-457/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Mandible", "Spleen", "Liver", "Temporal Bone", "thymus", "white adipose tissue", "brown adipose tissue", "Cerebrum", "Kidney" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Tissue", "Genotype" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "tissue", "Genotype" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-14" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Masayuki Yamamoto" ], "publication_title": "Nrf2 contributes to the weight gain of mice during space travel. Nrf2 plays a critical role in the metabolic response during and after spaceflight." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-462", "osd_num": 462, "identifiers": "GLDS-462", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-462", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/462", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/462" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional profiling, protein expression profiling, and phosphoprotein profiling of kidneys from mice flown on the RR-10 mission", "description": "The objective of the Rodent Research-10 Mission (RR-10) was to investigate how spaceflight affects the cellular and molecular mechanisms of normal bone tissue regeneration in space. To this end, ten (10) 14-15 weeks-old female B6129SF2/J Wild Type (WT), and ten (10) 14-15 weeks-old female B6;129S2-Cdkn1atm1Tyj/J (p21-null) mice received a pre-flight subcutaneous injection of the bone marker (Alizarin Red), and were then delivered to the ISS aboard SpaceX-21. At 7 days before euthanasia, all 20 mice received an intraperitoneal (IP) injection with a bone formation marker (Calcein). At 48 +/- 2 hours before euthanasia, all 20 mice received an IP injection with a second dose of Calcein as well as a cell proliferation marker (BrdU). Then, following 28-29 days in microgravity, the Flight mice were euthanized. Following removal of hindlimbs, carcasses were wrapped in aluminum foil, preserved in the CryoChiller, and stored at -80 C or colder until return to Earth. In addition to the Flight group, three ground control groups were also part of the study: Basal (representing the pre-launch state), Vivarium (standard vivarium housing for the same duration of time as flight), and Ground (flight habitat in the International Space Station Environment Simulator, ISSES). Twenty mice (10 of each strain) were included in each of these control groups (except Vivarium which included 12 of each strain). These were treated, euthanized and processed on the same schedule and in the same manner as the flight samples. At the end of RR-10 experiment, all frozen carcasses were partially thawed and kidney tissues were removed and preserved by flash freezing in LN2. Kidneys were kept at -80 C freezer until processing. To ensure that both transcriptional profiling and protein expression profiling datasets are representative of the entire kidney, whole kidneys were first pulverized into a fine powder on dry ice. This powder was then split into two equal fractions with half being used for RNA isolation and half being used for protein isolation. RNA was used to generate three different transcriptional profiling datasets: a 3' tag-Seq datasets (20 M clusters at SE 93 bp), a polyA enriched dataset (60 M clusters at PE 150 bp), and a ribodepleted dataset (60 M clusters at PE 150 bp). Protein was used to generate protein expression profiling, and phosphoprotein profiling using the iTRAQ method (Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation). Transcriptional profiling dataset features WT samples from the Flight, Ground, Basal and Vivarium groups. Protein expression profiling and phosphoprotein profiling datasets exclude the Vivarium group.", "release_date": "2022-03-08", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-462/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Left kidney" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)", "mass spectrometry" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling", "protein expression profiling", "phosphoprotein profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina", "Orbitrap Fusion Lumos", "Orbitrap Eclipse" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-21" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan Eduardo Keith Stephen San-Huei Amanda Jonathan Valery Yi-Chun Marie Charles Samrawit Tin Tytus Fazelinia Evagelia Afshin Vaksha Andrew Sylvain M M T G C D Julius V Galazka Almeida Siew Walsh Lai Polo Saravia-Butler Oribello Boyko Chen Dinh Houseman Gebre Nguyen Mak Hossein Laiakis Beheshti Patel Wyrobek Costes" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-463", "osd_num": 463, "identifiers": "GLDS-463", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-463", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/463", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/463" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional profiling of livers from mice flown on the RR-23 mission", "description": "The objective of the RR-23 mission was to better understand the effects of spaceflight on the eyes, specifically on the structure and function of the arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels that are needed to maintain vision. To this end, twenty male, C57BL/6J, 16-17 weeks-old mice were delivered to the ISS on SpaceX-21 in a single transporter, transferred to two rodent habitats, and maintained in microgravity for 38 days. Flight mice were then returned to Earth alive (Jan 13th, 2021). After splashdown in the Atlantic Ocean, mice were transported to Kennedy Space Center via helicopter. The 20 Flight, 20 Habitat Ground Control (HGC), and 20 Vivarium Ground Control (VGC) mice were removed from Rodent Transporters (Flight and HGC) or vivarium cages (VGC), placed into shipping containers, and flown to Texas A and M University. There, mice underwent post-flight procedures, before euthanasia and tissue collection. Flight, HGC and VGC animals were euthanized and dissected on Jan 14th, 17th or 20th of 2021, respectively. Livers were preserved by flash freezing in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 C until RNA was extracted, and libraries generated and sequenced (target 60 M clusters per sample, PE 150 bp). This dataset features 9 samples from the Flight and VGC groups, and 8 samples from the HGC group.", "release_date": "2022-03-15", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-463/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Left Lobe of the Liver" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-21" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan David San-Huei Amanda Jonathan Valery Yi-Chun Marie Charles Samrawit Sylvain M M T G V Galazka Zawieja Lai Polo Saravia-Butler Oribello Boyko Chen Dinh Houseman Gebre Costes" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-464", "osd_num": 464, "identifiers": "GLDS-464", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-464", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/464", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/464" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional profiling of lungs from mice flown on the RR-23 mission", "description": "The objective of the RR-23 mission was to better understand the effects of spaceflight on the eyes, specifically on the structure and function of the arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels that are needed to maintain vision. To this end, twenty male, C57BL/6J, 16-17 weeks-old mice were delivered to the ISS on SpaceX-21 in a single transporter, transferred to two rodent habitats, and maintained in microgravity for 38 days. Flight mice were then returned to Earth alive (Jan 13th, 2021). After splashdown in the Atlantic Ocean, mice were transported to Kennedy Space Center via helicopter. The 20 Flight, 20 Habitat Ground Control (HGC), and 20 Vivarium Ground Control (VGC) mice were removed from Rodent Transporters (Flight and HGC) or vivarium cages (VGC), placed into shipping containers, and flown to Texas A and M University. There, mice underwent post-flight procedures, before euthanasia and tissue collection. Flight, HGC and VGC animals were euthanized and dissected on Jan 14th, 17th or 20th of 2021, respectively. Lungs were preserved by flash freezing in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 ˚C until RNA was extracted, and libraries generated and sequenced (target 60 M clusters per sample, PE 150 bp). This dataset features 8 samples from the Flight group, 9 samples from the VGC group, and 6 samples from the HGC group.", "release_date": "2022-03-18", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-464/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Left Lung" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-21" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan David San-Huei Amanda Jonathan Valery Yi-Chun Marie Charles Samrawit Sylvain Alec Kristen Alexis Jihan M M T G V Galazka Zawieja Lai Polo Saravia-Butler Oribello Boyko Chen Dinh Houseman Gebre Costes Vallota-Eastman Peach Torres Yehia" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-465", "osd_num": 465, "identifiers": "GLDS-465", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-465", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/465", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/465" } }, "overview": { "title": "Metagenome profiling of feces from mice flown on the RR-23 mission", "description": "The objective of the RR-23 mission was to better understand the effects of spaceflight on the eyes, specifically on the structure and function of the arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels that are needed to maintain vision. To this end, twenty male, C57BL/6J, 16-17 weeks-old mice were delivered to the ISS on SpaceX-21 in a single transporter, transferred to two rodent habitats, and maintained in microgravity for 38 days. Flight mice were then returned to Earth alive (Jan 13th, 2021). After splashdown in the Atlantic Ocean, mice were transported to Kennedy Space Center via helicopter. The 20 Flight, 20 Habitat Ground Control (HGC), and 20 Vivarium Ground Control (VGC) mice were removed from Rodent Transporters (Flight and HGC) or vivarium cages (VGC), placed into shipping containers, and flown to Texas A and M University. There, mice underwent post-flight procedures, before euthanasia and tissue collection. Flight, HGC and VGC animals were euthanized and dissected on Jan 14th, 17th or 20th of 2021, respectively. Feces were removed from the animals and preserved by flash freezing in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 ˚C until DNA was extracted, and libraries generated and sequenced (target 10 M clusters per sample, PE 250 bp). This dataset features 9 samples from the Flight group, 9 samples from the HGC group, and 9 samples from the VGC group.", "release_date": "2022-04-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-465/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [ "feces" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "Metagenomic sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-21" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan David San-Huei Amanda Michael Marie Valery Yi-Chun Charles Samrawit Sylvain M M D T G V Galazka Zawieja Lai Polo Saravia-Butler Lee Dinh Boyko Chen Houseman Gebre Costes" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-466", "osd_num": 466, "identifiers": "GLDS-466", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-466", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/466", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/466" } }, "overview": { "title": "Microbiome profiling of feces from mice flown on the RR-10 mission", "description": "The objective of the Rodent Research-10 Mission (RR-10) was to investigate how spaceflight affects the cellular and molecular mechanisms of normal bone tissue regeneration in space. To this end, ten (10) 14-15 weeks-old female B6129SF2/J Wild Type (WT), and ten (10) 14-15 weeks-old female B6;129S2-Cdkn1atm1Tyj/J (p21-null) mice received a pre-flight subcutaneous injection of the bone marker (Alizarin Red), and were then delivered to the ISS aboard SpaceX-21. At 7 days before euthanasia, all 20 mice received an intraperitoneal (IP) injection with a bone formation marker (Calcein). At 48 +/- 2 hours before euthanasia, all 20 mice received an IP injection with a second dose of Calcein as well as a cell proliferation marker (BrdU). Then, following 28-29 days in microgravity, the Flight mice were euthanized. Following removal of hindlimbs, carcasses were wrapped in aluminum foil, preserved in the CryoChiller, and stored at -80 C or colder until return to Earth. In addition to the Flight group, three ground control groups were also part of the study: Basal (representing the pre-launch state), Vivarium (standard vivarium housing for the same duration of time as flight), and Ground (flight habitat in the International Space Station Environment Simulator, ISSES). Twenty mice (10 of each strain) were included in each of these control groups (except Vivarium which included 12 of each strain). These were treated, euthanized and processed on the same schedule and in the same manner as the flight samples. At the end of RR-10 experiment, all frozen carcasses were partially thawed and fecal pellets were removed and preserved by flash freezing in LN2. DNA was extracted, shotgun metagenome libraries generated, and libraries sequenced (target 10 M clusters at PE 250 bp). This dataset features WT samples from the Flight (n=3), Ground (n=5), Basal (n=10) and Vivarium groups (n=12), as well as p21-null samples from Flight (n=5), Ground (n=5), Basal (n=10) and Vivarium groups (n=12).", "release_date": "2022-04-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-466/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [ "Feces" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "Metagenomic sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Genotype" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Genotype" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-21" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan Eduardo San-Huei Amanda Michael Marie Valery Yi-Chun Charles Samrawit Sylvain M M D T G V Galazka Almeida Lai Polo Saravia-Butler Lee Dinh Boyko Chen Houseman Gebre Costes" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-467", "osd_num": 467, "identifiers": "GLDS-467", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-467", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/467", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/467" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptomic profiling of cortical bone from hindlimb unloaded mice", "description": "The goal of this study was to perform RNA-sequencing of cortical bone isolated from 11-week-old female hindlimb unloaded and control mice. Mice were subjected to hindlimb unloading for 7 days, followed by RNA isolation of cortical bone. Cortical transcriptomic profiles were assessed with RNAseq.", "release_date": "2021-10-21", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-467/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Cortical Bone" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Hindlimb Unloading" ], "types": [ "Hindlimb Suspension" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Frank Ko" ], "publication_title": "RNAseq and RNA molecular barcoding reveal differential gene expression in cortical bone following hindlimb unloading in female mice." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-470", "osd_num": 470, "identifiers": "GLDS-470", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-470", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/470", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/470" } }, "overview": { "title": "Draft genome sequence of Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp. similipneumoniae strain IF3SW-P1 isolated from the International Space Station", "description": "In 2015, the Advanced Resistive Exercise Device (ARED) foot panel on the International Space Station (ISS) was sampled to identify culturable microorganisms. The whole-genome of the strain IF3SW-P1 was sequenced using the Oxford Nanopore Technologies platform and identified as Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp. quasipneuomoniae, a Biosafety Level-2 (BSL-2) human pathogen. This whole-genome sequence will aid in comparative genomic analyses with Earth-origin pathogens for differences in virulence and antimicrobial resistance in microorganisms exposed to spaceflight conditions.", "release_date": "2022-03-17", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/genelab/img/GLDS470__study_image.png" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp. similipneumoniae" ], "material_types": [ "Bacteria" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "nucleotide sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "genome sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Oxford Nanopore Technologies" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "Expedition 42" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)", "people": [ "Natasha Nitin Daniel Scott Brian Kasthuri Duane S K L W P P Sushenko Singh Vellone Tighe Hedlund Venkateswaran Moser" ], "publication_title": "Draft genome sequence of Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp. similipneumoniae strain IF3SW-P1 isolated from the International Space Station" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-476", "osd_num": 476, "identifiers": "GLDS-476 LSDS-12", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-476", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/476", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/476" } }, "overview": { "title": "Plants grown in Apollo lunar regolith present stress-associated transcriptomes that inform prospects for lunar exploration", "description": "The extent to which plants can enhance human life support on other worlds depends on the ability of plants to thrive in extraterrestrial environments using in situ resources. Using samples from Apollo 11, 12 and 17, we show that the terrestrial plant Arabidopsis thaliana germinates and grows in diverse lunar regoliths. However, our results show that growth is challenging; the lunar regolith plants were slow to develop, expressed genes indicative of ionic stresses, and many showed severe stress morphologies. Therefore, although in situ lunar regolith can be useful for plant production in lunar habitats, they are not benign substrates. The interaction between plants and lunar regolith will need to be further elucidated, and likely mitigated, to enable efficient use of lunar regolith for life support.", "release_date": "2022-05-16", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-476/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [ "aboveground biomass" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)", "Image analysis" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling", "Morphometric analysis" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina", "ImageJ" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Treatment" ], "types": [ "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Johnson Space Center (JSC)", "people": [ "Anna-Lisa Robert Stephen M Paul Ferl Elardo" ], "publication_title": "Plants grown in Apollo lunar regolith present stress-associated transcriptomes that inform prospects for lunar exploration" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-479", "osd_num": 479, "identifiers": "GLDS-479 LSDS-121", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-479", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/479", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/479" } }, "overview": { "title": "The impact of deep space radiation on cognitive performance: From biological sex to biomarkers to countermeasures (Elevated Plus Maze, Novel Object Recognition, Open Field, Radial Arm Water Maze, and Three Chamber Social Isolation/Interaction)", "description": "In the coming decade, astronauts will travel back to the moon in preparation for future Mars missions. Exposure to galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) is a major obstacle for deep space travel. Using multivariate principal components analysis, we found sex dimorphic responses in mice exposed to accelerated charged particles to simulate GCR (GCRsim); males displayed impaired spatial learning, whereas females did not. Mechanistically, these GCRsim induced learning impairments corresponded with chronic microglia activation and synaptic alterations in the hippocampus. Temporary microglia depletion shortly after GCRsim exposure mitigated GCRsim induced deficits measured months after the radiation exposure. Furthermore, blood monocyte levels measured early after GCRsim exposure were predictive of the late learning deficits and microglia activation measured in the male mice. Our findings (i) advance our understanding of charged particle induced cognitive challenges, (ii) provide evidence for early peripheral biomarkers for identifying late cognitive deficits, and (iii) offer potential therapeutic strategies for mitigating GCR induced cognitive loss. This study derives results from the behavior assays Elevated Plus Maze, Novel Object Recognition, Open Field, Radial Arm Water Maze, and Three Chamber Social Isolation/Interaction. These data are related to the Flow Cytometry data in OSD-776 (blood), OSD-777 (Microglia), and OSD-778 (Synapse).", "release_date": "2024-10-17", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-479/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Whole Organism" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "Elevated Plus Maze", "Novel Object Recognition", "Open Field", "RAWM", "Three Chamber Social Isolation" ], "measurement_types": [ "Behavior" ], "platforms": [ "EthovisionXT_12" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Sex", "Ionizing Radiation", "Treatment", "Absorbed Radiation Dose" ], "types": [ "Sex", "ionizing radiation", "treatment", "absorbed radiation dose" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Karen Katherine McKenna Edward Elma S. Aaron McKensie Valentina Hasitha Xi Tamako Gregory Adam R. Susanna Krukowski Grue Becker Elizarraras Frias Halvorsen Koenig-Zanoff Frattini Nimmagadda Feng Jones Nelson Ferguson Rosi" ], "publication_title": "The impact of deep space radiation on cognitive performance: From biological sex to biomarkers to countermeasures" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-480", "osd_num": 480, "identifiers": "GLDS-480", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-480", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/480", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/480" } }, "overview": { "title": "Plant Gravity Perception (PGP) Flight Study", "description": "This study investigated plant responses to a range of gravity treatments. Altered gravity was achieved by growing seedlings on the ISS within the centrifuge of the European Modular Cultivation System (EMCS) and applying a specific rotation rate for a fixed time in the experiment. Seeds of wild-type (Col-0) and starchless (pgm-1) were used to determine the contribution of statoliths to gravity perception. Plants experienced an estimated 0.003 up to 1.0 g depending on the specific experimental run and position of the seed cassette on the centrifuge arm. Images were captured at various points during the experiment and at the conclusion of the 5-day growth period.", "release_date": "2022-04-21", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-480/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [ "mature root", "root tip", "cotyledon", "hypocotyl" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Organism Part", "Altered Gravity", "Genotype", "Spaceflight", "Treatment" ], "types": [ "Organism Part", "Gravity", "Altered", "Genotype", "Space Flight", "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-13" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Chris Wolverton" ], "publication_title": "Physiological and transcriptomic assessment of Arabidopsis identifies two distinct gravity signaling systems" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-481", "osd_num": 481, "identifiers": "GLDS-481", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-481", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/481", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/481" } }, "overview": { "title": "New insights into the role of lncRNA after spaceflight", "description": "We analyzed the transcriptional profile by RNA-sequencing of exosomal content isolated from blood plasma of three astronauts who flew on various ISS missions between 1998-2001. Computational analysis of the transcriptome of these exosomes identified 27 differentially expressed lncRNAs with possible functions and clinical implications.", "release_date": "2022-01-18", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-481/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Peripheral Blood" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Time" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Arsen Arakelyan" ], "publication_title": "Emerging Role of Exosomal Long Non-coding RNAs in Spaceflight-Associated Risks in Astronauts" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-483", "osd_num": 483, "identifiers": "GLDS-483", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-483", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/483", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/483" } }, "overview": { "title": "small-RNA sequencing of sEV isolated from plasma of astronauts", "description": "We sought to determine whether the spaceflight environment can induce alterations in small extracellular vesicles (sEV) smallRNA content and their utility as biomarkers. Using small RNA sequencing (sRNAseq), we evaluated the impact of the spaceflight environment on sEV miRNA content in peripheral blood (PB) plasma of 14 astronauts, who flew STS missions between 1998-2001. Samples were collected at three-time points:10 days before the launch (L-10), the day of return (R-0), and three days post-landing (R+3).", "release_date": "2022-01-12", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-483/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Peripheral Blood" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Time" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Arsen Arakelyan" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-484", "osd_num": 484, "identifiers": "GLDS-484", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-484", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/484", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/484" } }, "overview": { "title": "Astronauts plasma-derived exosomes induced gene expression in AC16 cells", "description": "There are unique stressors in the spaceflight environment. Exposure to such stressors is associated with adverse effects on astronauts' health, including increased cancer and cardiovascular disease risks. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs, i.e., exosomes) play a vital role in intercellular communication and regulate various biological processes contributing to their role in disease pathogenesis. To assess whether spaceflight alters sEVs transcriptome profile, sEVs were isolated from the blood plasma of 3 astronauts at two different time points: 10 days before launch (L-10) and 3 days after return (R+3) from the Shuttle mission. Human adult ventricular cardiomyocyte cells (AC16) were treated with L-10 and R+3 astronauts-derived exosomes for 24 hours. Total RNA was isolated and analyzed for gene expression profiling using Affymetrix microarrays. Enrichment analysis was performed using Enrichr. Transcription factor enrichment analysis using the ENCODE/ChEA Consensus TF database identified gene sets related to the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and Vitamin D receptor (VDR) in AC16 cells treated with R+3 compared to cells treated with L-10 astronauts-derived exosomes. Further analysis of the histone modifications using datasets from the Roadmap Epigenomics Project confirmed enrichment in gene sets related to the H3K27me3 repressive mark. Interestingly, analysis of previously published H3K27me3–chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) ENCODE datasets showed enrichment of H3K27me3 in the VDR promoter. Collectively, our results suggest that astronaut-derived sEVs may epigenetically repress the expression of the VDR in human adult cardiomyocytes c by promoting the activation of the PRC2 complex and H3K27me3 levels. Gene expression was measured in untreated (n equals 3) and exosome-treated (n equals 6) AC16 human cardiomyocyte cell line. Cell were treated with exosomes isolated from 3 austonauts at two different time points: 10 days before mission (n equals 3) and 3 days upon return from mission (n equals 3).", "release_date": "2022-03-12", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-484/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Treatment" ], "types": [ "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Arsen Malik Agnieszka Nathaniel Amit Brooke Matthew Aimy Angela Paul Sankar Venkata Lahouaria David J A Arakelyan Bisserier Brojakowska Saffran Kumar Rai Lee Coleman Sebastian Evans Mills Addya Naga Srikanth Garikipati Hadri Goukassian" ], "publication_title": "Astronauts Plasma-Derived Exosomes Induced Aberrant EZH2-Mediated H3K27me3 Epigenetic Regulation of the Vitamin D Receptor" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-485", "osd_num": 485, "identifiers": "GLDS-485", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-485", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/485", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/485" } }, "overview": { "title": "Changes of Gene Expression in Euglena gracilis Obtained During the 29th DLR Parabolic Flight Campaign", "description": "Parabolic flight maneuvers of Novespace's Airbus A310 ZERO-G produce subsequent phases of hypergravity (about 20 s), microgravity (about 22 s) and another 20 s hypergravity on experiments located in the experiment area of the aircraft. The 29th DLR parabolic flight campaign consisted of four consecutive flight days with thirty-one parabolas each day. Euglena gracilis cells were fixed with TRIzol during different acceleration conditions at the first and the last parabola of each flight. Samples were collected and analyzed with microarrays for one-color gene expression analysis. The data indicate significant changes in gene expression in E. gracilis within short time. Hierarchical clustering shows that changes induced by the different accelerations yield reproducible effects at independent flight days. Transcription differed between the first and last parabolas indicating adaptation effects in the course of the flight. Different gene groups were found to be affected in different phases of the parabolic flight, among others, genes involved in signal transduction, calcium signaling, transport mechanisms, metabolic pathways, and stress-response as well as membrane and cytoskeletal proteins. In addition, transcripts of other areas, e.g., DNA and protein modification, were altered. The study contributes to the understanding of short-term effects of microgravity and different accelerations on cells at a molecular level.", "release_date": "2019-07-09", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-485/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Euglena gracilis" ], "material_types": [ "Whole Organism" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Altered Gravity", "Parabola", "Time" ], "types": [ "Gravity", "Altered", "parabola", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "Airbus A310", "29th DLR parabolic flight campaign" ], "space_programs": [ "Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Julia Peter Julia Sebastian M Marcus Viktor Binod Sophia Stephen Michael Krüger Richter Stoltze Strauch Krüger Daiker Prasad Sonnewald Reid Lebert" ], "publication_title": "Changes of Gene Expression in Euglena gracilis Obtained During the 29th DLR Parabolic Flight Campaign." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-487", "osd_num": 487, "identifiers": "GLDS-487", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-487", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/487", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/487" } }, "overview": { "title": "The Maleth Program: Malta’s first space mission discoveries on the microbiome of diabetic foot ulcers", "description": "The first mission (Maleth I) forms part of Project Maleth and aims to uncover the effects of spaceflight, microgravity and radiation on human skin tissue microbiome samples from six Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). The mission intended to highlight some of the very best frontier research programs in Malta that capitalized on the unique spectra of medical, life, and health sciences and the power of collaborative research in using multiple tools to answer the research question. Maleth I’s overall objective was achieved in that the specimens conducted to space and back yielded positive growth on testing the microbiome by both standard microbiology techniques and genetic typing using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Preliminary findings of this mission are discussed in light of its innovative approach at DFU microbiome research, and the clinical implications that may emerge from this and other future similar studies.", "release_date": "2022-12-05", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-487/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [ "Skin swab", "Skin Tissue", "Not Applicable", "Biofilms" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "16S" ], "measurement_types": [ "Amplicon Sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Sample Condition" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Sample Condition" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX CRS23 Expedition 65" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "ESA", "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Christine Joseph Gatt Borg" ], "publication_title": "The Maleth program: Malta's first space mission discoveries on the microbiome of diabetic foot ulcers." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-496", "osd_num": 496, "identifiers": "GLDS-496", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-496", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/496", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/496" } }, "overview": { "title": "The SOG1 transcriptional activator and the MyB3R family of repressors control a complex gene network in response to DNA damage in Arabidopsis [SOG1 ChIP-seq]", "description": "To combat DNA damage, organisms mount a DNA damage response (DDR) that results in cell cycle regulation, DNA repair and, in severe cases, cell death. Underscoring the importance of gene regulation in this response, studies in Arabidopsis have demonstrated that all of the aforementioned processes rely on SUPPRESSOR OF GAMMA RESPONSE 1 (SOG1), a NAC family transcription factor (TF) that has been functionally equated to the mammalian tumor suppressor, p53. However, the expression networks connecting SOG1 to these processes remain largely unknown and, although the DDR spans from minutes to hours, most transcriptomic data correspond to single time-point snapshots. Here, we generated transcriptional models of the DDR from GAMMA (γ)-irradiated wild-type and sog1 seedlings during a 24-hour time course using DREM, the Dynamic Regulatory Events Miner, revealing 11 coexpressed gene groups with distinct biological functions and cis-regulatory features. Within these networks, additional chromatin immunoprecipitation and transcriptomic experiments revealed that SOG1 is the major activator, directly targeting the most strongly up-regulated genes, including TFs, repair factors, and early cell cycle regulators, while three MYB3R TFs are the major repressors, specifically targeting the most strongly down-regulated genes, which mainly correspond to G2/M cell cycle-regulated genes. Together these models reveal the temporal dynamics of the transcriptional events triggered by γ-irradiation and connects these events to TFs and biological processes over a time scale commensurate with key processes coordinated in response to DNA damage, greatly expanding our understanding of the DDR.", "release_date": "2018-11-15", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-496/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [ "Seedlings" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "ChIP-seq" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein-DNA binding site identification" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Genotype", "antibody", "Ionizing Radiation", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ], "types": [ "Genotype", "antibody", "ionizing radiation", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Clara Neeraja Julie A Bourbousse Vegesna Law" ], "publication_title": "SOG1 activator and MYB3R repressors regulate a complex DNA damage network in Arabidopsis." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-497", "osd_num": 497, "identifiers": "GLDS-497", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-497", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/497", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/497" } }, "overview": { "title": "Fungal Diversity associated with space-craft assembly facility (SAF)", "description": "Draft genome sequences of Fungi isolated from Mars 2020 Spacecraft assembly facility are reported. The fungal strains were isolated from samples collected from cleanroom surfaces of Kennedy Space Center-Payload Hazardous Servicing Facility and Jet Propulsion Laboratory-Spacecraft Assembly Facility. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of these isolates was carried out.", "release_date": "2022-05-26", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-497/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Neophaeococcomyces aloes", "Penicillium sumatraense", "Aspergillus pseudoglaucus", "Aspergillus calidoustus", "Aureobasidium melanogenum", "Aureobasidium lini", "Fusarium nygamai", "Talaromyces liani", "Pseudopyrenochaeta terrestris", "Xylona heveae", "Aspergillus costaricaensis", "Penicillium caseifulvum", "Cladosporium endophytica", "Penicillium brevicompactum", "Septoriella neoarundinis", "Gamszarea kalimantanensis", "Alternaria angustiovoidea", "fungal sp.", "Acremonium citrinum", "Neocatenulostroma microsporum", "Zalaria obscura", "Ganoderma meredithae", "Exophiala oligosperma", "Aspergillus quadricinctus", "Botryosphaeria agaves", "Talaromyces ruber", "Barbatosphaeria neglecta", "Roussoella neopustulans", "Phaeophleospora eucalypticola", "Penicillium decumbens", "Cystobasidium benthicum", "Phialocephala fluminis", "Trichoderma citrinoviride", "Penicillium fuscoglaucum", "Cladosporium austrohemisphaericum", "Cladosporium colombiae" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "nucleotide sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "genome sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Strain" ], "types": [ "strain" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)", "people": [ "Atul Kasthuri M Chander Venkateswaran" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-498", "osd_num": 498, "identifiers": "GLDS-498", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-498", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/498", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/498" } }, "overview": { "title": "The SOG1 transcriptional activator and the MYB3R family of repressors control a complex gene network in response to DNA damage in Arabidopsis [RNA-seq gIR vs mock wt]", "description": "To combat DNA damage, organisms mount a DNA damage response (DDR) that results in cell cycle regulation, DNA repair and, in severe cases, cell death. Underscoring the importance of gene regulation in this response, studies in Arabidopsis have demonstrated that all of the aforementioned processes rely on SUPPRESSOR OF GAMMA RESPONSE 1 (SOG1), a NAC family transcription factor (TF) that has been functionally equated to the mammalian tumor suppressor, p53. However, the expression networks connecting SOG1 to these processes remain largely unknown and, although the DDR spans from minutes to hours, most transcriptomic data correspond to single time-point snapshots. Here, we generated transcriptional models of the DDR from GAMMA (γ)-irradiated wild-type and sog1 seedlings during a 24-hour time course using DREM, the Dynamic Regulatory Events Miner, revealing 11 coexpressed gene groups with distinct biological functions and cis-regulatory features. Within these networks, additional chromatin immunoprecipitation and transcriptomic experiments revealed that SOG1 is the major activator, directly targeting the most strongly up-regulated genes, including TFs, repair factors, and early cell cycle regulators, while three MYB3R TFs are the major repressors, specifically targeting the most strongly down-regulated genes, which mainly correspond to G2/M cell cycle-regulated genes. Together these models reveal the temporal dynamics of the transcriptional events triggered by γ-irradiation and connects these events to TFs and biological processes over a time scale commensurate with key processes coordinated in response to DNA damage, greatly expanding our understanding of the DDR.", "release_date": "2018-11-05", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-498/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [ "Seedlings" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Time of Sample Collection after Treatment", "Ionizing Radiation" ], "types": [ "Time of Sample Collection after Treatment", "ionizing radiation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Clara Neeraja Julie A Bourbousse Vegesna Law" ], "publication_title": "SOG1 activator and MYB3R repressors regulate a complex DNA damage network in Arabidopsis." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-500", "osd_num": 500, "identifiers": "GLDS-500", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-500", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/500", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/500" } }, "overview": { "title": "Altered Quorum Sensing and Physiology of Staphylococcus aureus During Spaceflight Detected by Multi-omics Data Analysis (BRIC-23: Secretomics)", "description": "Staphylococcus aureus colonizes the nares of approximately 30% of humans, a risk factor for opportunistic infections. Because of the potential threat of S. aureus to astronaut health, the effect of spaceflight conditions on this pathogen is of great interest. To gain insight into the virulence potential of S. aureus in the spaceflight environment, we performed differential expression (DE) analysis of RNA-Seq and cellular proteomics data from the “Biological Research in Canisters-23” (BRIC-23) GeneLab spaceflight experiment, a mission designed to measure the response of S. aureus to growth in low earth orbit (LEO) on the international space station (ISS). This experiment used Biological Research in Canisters-Petri Dish Fixation Units (BRIC-PDFUs) to grow asynchronous ground controls (GCs) and spaceflight cultures of S. aureus for 48 hours. Analysis of the RNA-Seq data revealed that RNAIII, the effector of the Accessory Gene Regulator (Agr) quorum sensing system, was the most highly upregulated gene in spaceflight cultures (~88-fold) relative to GCs. Genes of the agr operon (~14 fold) were also highly upregulated during spaceflight, followed by genes encoding secreted phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) and secreted proteases, all of which are positively regulated by Agr. Upregulated spaceflight genes/proteins also had functions related to urease activity, Ess secretion, and copper transport. We also performed a secretome analysis of culture supernatant samples from BRIC-23. In line with the other BRIC-23 omics data, spaceflight supernatants displayed significantly increased abundance of several known secreted virulence factors, including Agr-regulated proteases (SspA, SspB), staphylococcal nuclease (Nuc), and EsxA, a small protein secreted by the type VII-like Ess secretion system. These data also suggested that S. aureus metabolism is altered in space flight conditions relative to the ground controls (increased amino acid metabolism, TCA cycle and PTS systems, and decreased glycolysis/fermentation and translation machinery). Collectively, these data suggest that S. aureus experiences increased quorum sensing and altered expression of virulence factors in response to the spaceflight environment that may impact its pathogenic potential.", "release_date": "2023-10-27", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-500/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Staphylococcus aureus" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein expression profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Orbitrap Fusion mass spectrometer (Thermo Scientific)" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-9" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Kelly Rice" ], "publication_title": "Altered quorum sensing and physiology of Staphylococcus aureus during spaceflight detected by multi-omics data analysis" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-502", "osd_num": 502, "identifiers": "GLDS-502", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-502", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/502", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/502" } }, "overview": { "title": "The SOG1 transcriptional activator and the MYB3R family of repressors control a complex gene network in response to DNA damage in Arabidopsis [RNA-seq myb3r135 vs wt]", "description": "To combat DNA damage, organisms mount a DNA damage response (DDR) that results in cell cycle regulation, DNA repair and, in severe cases, cell death. Underscoring the importance of gene regulation in this response, studies in Arabidopsis have demonstrated that all of the aforementioned processes rely on SUPPRESSOR OF GAMMA RESPONSE 1 (SOG1), a NAC family transcription factor (TF) that has been functionally equated to the mammalian tumor suppressor, p53. However, the expression networks connecting SOG1 to these processes remain largely unknown and, although the DDR spans from minutes to hours, most transcriptomic data correspond to single time-point snapshots. Here, we generated transcriptional models of the DDR from GAMMA (γ)-irradiated wild-type and sog1 seedlings during a 24-hour time course using DREM, the Dynamic Regulatory Events Miner, revealing 11 coexpressed gene groups with distinct biological functions and cis-regulatory features. Within these networks, additional chromatin immunoprecipitation and transcriptomic experiments revealed that SOG1 is the major activator, directly targeting the most strongly up-regulated genes, including TFs, repair factors, and early cell cycle regulators, while three MYB3R TFs are the major repressors, specifically targeting the most strongly down-regulated genes, which mainly correspond to G2/M cell cycle-regulated genes. Together these models reveal the temporal dynamics of the transcriptional events triggered by γ-irradiation and connects these events to TFs and biological processes over a time scale commensurate with key processes coordinated in response to DNA damage, greatly expanding our understanding of the DDR.", "release_date": "2018-11-15", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-502/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [ "Seedlings" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Genotype", "Ionizing Radiation" ], "types": [ "Genotype", "ionizing radiation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Clara Neeraja Julie A Bourbousse Vegesna Law" ], "publication_title": "SOG1 activator and MYB3R repressors regulate a complex DNA damage network in Arabidopsis." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-505", "osd_num": 505, "identifiers": "GLDS-505", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-505", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/505", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/505" } }, "overview": { "title": "Quantitative proteomic analytic approaches to identify metabolic changes in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats exposed to space radiation", "description": "NASA's planned mission to Mars will result in astronauts being exposed to ~ 350 mSv/yr of Galactic Cosmic Radiation (GCR). A growing body of data from ground-based experiments indicates that exposure to space radiation doses (approximately those that astronauts will be exposed to on a mission to Mars) impairs a variety of cognitive processes, including cognitive flexibility tasks. Some studies report that 33% of individuals may experience severe cognitive impairment. Translating the results from ground-based rodent studies into tangible risk estimates for astronauts is an enormous challenge, but it would be germane for NASA to use the vast body of data from the rodent studies to start developing appropriate countermeasures, in the expectation that some level of space radiation (SR) -induced cognitive impairment could occur in astronauts. While some targeted studies have reported radiation-induced changes in the neurotransmission properties and/or increased neuroinflammation within space radiation exposed brains, there remains little information that can be used to start the development of a mechanism-based countermeasure strategy. In this study, we have employed a robust label-free mass spectrometry (MS) -based untargeted quantitative proteomic profiling approach to characterize the composition of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) proteome in rats that have been exposed to 15 cGy of 600 MeV/n 28Si ions. A variety of analytical techniques were used to mine the generated expression data, which in such studies is typically hampered by low and variable sample size. We have identified several proteins whose expression alters as a result of space radiation exposure, and a further subset of proteins differs in rats that have a high level of cognitive performance after SR exposure in comparison with those that have low performance levels. While this study has provided further insight into how SR impacts upon neurophysiology, and what adaptive responses can be invoked to prevent the emergence of SR-induced cognitive impairment, the main objective of this paper is to outline strategies that can be used by others to analyze sub-optimal data sets and to identify new information.", "release_date": "2022-07-21", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-505/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Rattus norvegicus" ], "material_types": [ "medial prefrontal cortex" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein expression profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Orbitrap Fusion" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Evagelia Maisa Tin Hung Afshin Sucharita William Mark Richard C C M K R A Laiakis Pinheiro Nguyen Nguyen Beheshti Dutta Russell Emmett Britten" ], "publication_title": "Quantitative proteomic analytic approaches to identify metabolic changes in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats exposed to space radiation." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-506", "osd_num": 506, "identifiers": "GLDS-506", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-506", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/506", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/506" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional profiling of spleens from mice flown on the RR-23 mission", "description": "The objective of the Rodent Research-23 missions (RR-23) was to better understand the effects of spaceflight on the eyes, specifically on the structure and function of the arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels that are needed to maintain vision. To this end, twenty male, C57BL/6J, 16-17 weeks old mice were delivered to the ISS on SpaceX-21 in a single transporter, transferred to two rodent habitats, and maintained in microgravity for 38 days. Flight mice were then returned to Earth alive (Jan 13th, 2021). After splashdown in the Atlantic Ocean, mice were transported to Kennedy Space Center via helicopter. The 20 Flight, 20 Habitat Ground Control (HGC), and 20 Vivarium Ground Control (VGC) mice were removed from Rodent Transporters (Flight and HGC) or vivarium cages (VGC), placed into shipping containers, and flown to Texas A and M University. There, mice underwent post flight procedures, before euthanasia and tissue collection. Flight, HGC and VGC animals were euthanized and dissected on Jan 14th, 17th or 20th of 2021, respectively. Spleens were preserved by immersion in RNAlater and stored at -80C until RNA was extracted, and libraries generated and sequenced (target 60 M clusters per sample, PE 150 bp). This dataset features 9 samples from the Flight group, 10 samples from the HGC group, and 9 samples from the VGC group.", "release_date": "2022-08-03", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-506/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Spleen" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-21" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan David San-Huei Amanda Jonathan Marie Valery Yi-Chun Charles Samrawit Sylvain M M T G V Galazka Zawieja Lai Polo Saravia-Butler Oribello Dinh Boyko Chen Houseman Gebre Costes" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-508", "osd_num": 508, "identifiers": "GLDS-508", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-508", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/508", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/508" } }, "overview": { "title": "The SOG1 transcriptional activator and the MYB3R family of repressors control a complex gene network in response to DNA damage in Arabidopsis [RNA-seq t vs t0]", "description": "To combat DNA damage, organisms mount a DNA damage response (DDR) that results in cell cycle regulation, DNA repair and, in severe cases, cell death. Underscoring the importance of gene regulation in this response, studies in Arabidopsis have demonstrated that all of the aforementioned processes rely on SUPPRESSOR OF GAMMA RESPONSE 1 (SOG1), a NAC family transcription factor (TF) that has been functionally equated to the mammalian tumor suppressor, p53. However, the expression networks connecting SOG1 to these processes remain largely unknown and, although the DDR spans from minutes to hours, most transcriptomic data correspond to single time-point snapshots. Here, we generated transcriptional models of the DDR from GAMMA (γ)-irradiated wild-type and sog1 seedlings during a 24-hour time course using DREM, the Dynamic Regulatory Events Miner, revealing 11 coexpressed gene groups with distinct biological functions and cis-regulatory features. Within these networks, additional chromatin immunoprecipitation and transcriptomic experiments revealed that SOG1 is the major activator, directly targeting the most strongly up-regulated genes, including TFs, repair factors, and early cell cycle regulators, while three MYB3R TFs are the major repressors, specifically targeting the most strongly down-regulated genes, which mainly correspond to G2/M cell cycle-regulated genes. Together these models reveal the temporal dynamics of the transcriptional events triggered by γ-irradiation and connects these events to TFs and biological processes over a time scale commensurate with key processes coordinated in response to DNA damage, greatly expanding our understanding of the DDR.", "release_date": "2018-11-15", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-508/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [ "Seedlings" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment", "Genotype" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment", "Genotype" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Clara Neeraja Julie A Bourbousse Vegesna Law" ], "publication_title": "SOG1 activator and MYB3R repressors regulate a complex DNA damage network in Arabidopsis." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-509", "osd_num": 509, "identifiers": "GLDS-509", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-509", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/509", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/509" } }, "overview": { "title": "A CRISPR-based assay for the study of eukaryotic DNA repair onboard the International Space Station.", "description": "As we explore beyond Earth, astronauts may be at risk for harmful DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation. Double-strand breaks are a type of DNA damage that can be repaired by two major cellular pathways: non-homologous end joining, during which insertions or deletions may be added at the break site, and homologous recombination, in which the DNA sequence often remains unchanged. Previous work suggests that space conditions may impact the choice of DNA repair pathway, potentially compounding the risks of increased radiation exposure during space travel. However, our understanding of this problem has been limited by technical and safety concerns, which have prevented integral study of the DNA repair process in space. The CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system offers a model for the safe and targeted generation of double-strand breaks in eukaryotes. Here we describe a CRISPR-based assay for DNA break induction and assessment of double-strand break repair pathway choice entirely in space. As necessary steps in this process, we describe the first successful genetic transformation and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in space. These milestones represent a significant expansion of the molecular biology toolkit onboard the International Space Station.", "release_date": null, "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-509/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Saccharomyces cerevisiae" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "long read DNA Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "Targeted Genome Sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Oxford Nanopore Technologies" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Genotype" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Genotype" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-17" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "Boeing" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Johnson Space Center (JSC)", "people": [ "Sarah David Michelle Rebecca Aarthi Kutay Deniz G Guy Christian L Kevin D D Scott Sarah L Ezequiel Emily J Sebastian Stahl-Rommel Li Sung Li Vijayakumar Atabay Bushkin Castro Foley Copeland Castro-Wallace Alvarez Saavedra Gleason Kraves" ], "publication_title": "A CRISPR-based assay for the study of eukaryotic DNA repair onboard the International Space Station." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-510", "osd_num": 510, "identifiers": "GLDS-510", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-510", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/510", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/510" } }, "overview": { "title": "The SOG1 transcriptional activator and the MYB3R family of repressors control a complex gene network in response to DNA damage in Arabidopsis [RNA-seq DREMmodel]", "description": "To combat DNA damage, organisms mount a DNA damage response (DDR) that results in cell cycle regulation, DNA repair and, in severe cases, cell death. Underscoring the importance of gene regulation in this response, studies in Arabidopsis have demonstrated that all of the aforementioned processes rely on SUPPRESSOR OF GAMMA RESPONSE 1 (SOG1), a NAC family transcription factor (TF) that has been functionally equated to the mammalian tumor suppressor, p53. However, the expression networks connecting SOG1 to these processes remain largely unknown and, although the DDR spans from minutes to hours, most transcriptomic data correspond to single time-point snapshots. Here, we generated transcriptional models of the DDR from GAMMA (γ)-irradiated wild-type and sog1 seedlings during a 24-hour time course using DREM, the Dynamic Regulatory Events Miner, revealing 11 coexpressed gene groups with distinct biological functions and cis-regulatory features. Within these networks, additional chromatin immunoprecipitation and transcriptomic experiments revealed that SOG1 is the major activator, directly targeting the most strongly up-regulated genes, including TFs, repair factors, and early cell cycle regulators, while three MYB3R TFs are the major repressors, specifically targeting the most strongly down-regulated genes, which mainly correspond to G2/M cell cycle-regulated genes. Together these models reveal the temporal dynamics of the transcriptional events triggered by γ-irradiation and connects these events to TFs and biological processes over a time scale commensurate with key processes coordinated in response to DNA damage, greatly expanding our understanding of the DDR.", "release_date": "2018-11-15", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-510/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [ "Seedlings" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment", "Genotype" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment", "Genotype" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Clara Neeraja Julie A Bourbousse Vegesna Law" ], "publication_title": "SOG1 activator and MYB3R repressors regulate a complex DNA damage network in Arabidopsis." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-511", "osd_num": 511, "identifiers": "GLDS-511", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-511", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/511", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/511" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional profiling of mammary glands from mice flown on the RRRM-1 mission", "description": "In Rodent Research Reference Mission-1 (RRRM-1), also known as RR-8, forty female BALB/cAnNTac mice were flown on the International Space Station. To assess differences in outcomes due to age, twenty 10-12 week-old and twenty 32 week-old mice were flown, respectively. To directly assess spaceflight effects, half of the young and old mice (10 old, 10 young) were sacrificed on-orbit after 22-23 days (ISS Terminal, ISS-T), while the other half (10 old, 10 young) were returned live to Earth after 40 days and allowed to recover for 2 days (Live Animal Return, LAR) before sacrifice. Both the ISS-T and LAR animals had independent ground controls (10 mice housed in flight hardware in matched environmental conditions), basal controls (10 mice sacrificed 1 day after launch), and vivarium controls (10 mice housed within standard vivarium habitats). Thus RRRM-1 included a total of 160 mice. This datasets features ribodepleted total RNA-seq data from mammary glands dissected from six LAR groups (young and old for flight, ground control, and vivarium control). Data from 5-10 livers per group are included. All samples include either Mix 1 or Mix 2 of the ERCC spike-in control. Target depth was 60 M clusters sequenced at PE 151 bp.", "release_date": "2022-08-03", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-511/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "mammary gland" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Age" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "age" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-16" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan San-Huei Amanda Jonathan Charles Valery Yi-Chun Marie Michael Louis Samrawit Sylvain Kristen Alexis Jihan M M T G V Galazka Lai Polo Saravia-Butler Oribello Houseman Boyko Chen Dinh Roberts Stodieck Gebre Costes Peach Torres Yehia" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-512", "osd_num": 512, "identifiers": "GLDS-512", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-512", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/512", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/512" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional profiling of adrenal glands from mice flown on the RR-23 mission", "description": "The objective of the Rodent Research-23 missions (RR-23) was to better understand the effects of spaceflight on the eyes, specifically on the structure and function of the arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels that are needed to maintain vision. To this end, twenty male, C57BL/6J, 16-17 weeks-old mice were delivered to the ISS on SpaceX-21 in a single transporter, transferred to two rodent habitats, and maintained in microgravity for 38 days. Flight mice were then returned to Earth alive (Jan 13th, 2021). After splashdown in the Atlantic Ocean, mice were transported to Kennedy Space Center via helicopter. The 20 Flight, 20 Habitat Ground Control (HGC), and 20 Vivarium Ground Control (VGC) mice were removed from Rodent Transporters (Flight and HGC) or vivarium cages (VGC), placed into shipping containers, and flown to Texas A and M University. There, mice underwent post-flight procedures, before euthanasia and tissue collection. Flight, HGC and VGC animals were euthanized and dissected on Jan 14th, 17th or 20th of 2021, respectively. Adrenal glands were preserved by immersion in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80C until RNA was extracted, and libraries generated and sequenced (target 60 M clusters per sample, PE 150 bp). This dataset features 10 samples from the Flight group, 10 samples from the HGC group, and 10 samples from the VGC group.", "release_date": "2022-08-03", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-512/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "adrenal gland" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-21" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan David San-Huei Amanda Jonathan Valery Yi-Chun Marie Charles Samrawit Sylvain Alexis Kristen Jihan M M T G V Galazka Zawieja Lai Polo Saravia-Butler Oribello Boyko Chen Dinh Houseman Gebre Costes Torres Peach Yehia" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-513", "osd_num": 513, "identifiers": "GLDS-513", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-513", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/513", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/513" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional profiling of kidneys from mice flown on the RR-23 mission", "description": "The objective of the Rodent Research-23 missions (RR-23) was to better understand the effects of spaceflight on the eyes, specifically on the structure and function of the arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels that are needed to maintain vision. To this end, twenty male, C57BL/6J, 16-17 weeks old mice were delivered to the ISS on SpaceX-21 in a single transporter, transferred to two rodent habitats, and maintained in microgravity for 38 days. Flight mice were then returned to Earth alive (Jan 13th, 2021). After splashdown in the Atlantic Ocean, mice were transported to Kennedy Space Center via helicopter. The 20 Flight, 20 Habitat Ground Control (HGC), and 20 Vivarium Ground Control (VGC) mice were removed from Rodent Transporters (Flight and HGC) or vivarium cages (VGC), placed into shipping containers, and flown to Texas A and M University. There, mice underwent post flight procedures, before euthanasia and tissue collection. Flight, HGC and VGC animals were euthanized and dissected on Jan 14th, 17th or 20th of 2021, respectively. Kidneys were preserved by immersion in RNAlater and stored at -80 ˚C until RNA was extracted, and libraries generated and sequenced (target 60 M clusters per sample, PE 150 bp). This dataset features 9 samples from the Flight group, 9 samples from the HGC group, and 9 samples from the VGC group. A technical replicate is included for one sample in each group. These consist of an independent library preparation for a single RNA extraction.", "release_date": "2022-10-18", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-513/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Left kidney" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-21" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan David San-Huei Kristen Amanda Jonathan Valery Marie Yi-Chun Charles Samrawit Sylvain Alexis Barbara Jihan Crystal Alec M M T G V Galazka Zawieja Lai Polo Peach Saravia-Butler Oribello Boyko Dinh Chen Houseman Gebre Costes Torres Novak Yehia Han Vallota-Eastman" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-514", "osd_num": 514, "identifiers": "GLDS-514", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-514", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/514", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/514" } }, "overview": { "title": "Artificial gravity partially protects space-induced neurological deficits in Drosophila melanogaster", "description": "Spaceflight poses risks to the central nervous system (CNS), and understanding neurological responses is important for future missions. We report CNS changes in Drosophila aboard the International Space Station in response to microgravity (SFμg) and artificially simulated Earth-gravity (SF1g) via inflight centrifugation as a countermeasure. While inflight behavioral analyses of SFμg exhibit increased activity, postflight analysis displays significant climbing defects, highlighting the sensitivity of behavior to altered gravity. Multi-omics analysis shows alterations in metabolic, oxidative stress, and synaptic transmission pathways in both SFμg and SF1g; however, neurological changes immediately postflight, including neuronal loss, glial cell count alterations, oxidative damage, and apoptosis, are seen only in SFμg. Additionally, progressive neuronal loss and a glial phenotype in SF1g and SFμg brains, with pronounced phenotypes in SFμg, are seen upon acclimation to Earth conditions. Overall, our results indicate that artificial gravity partially protects the CNS from the adverse effects of spaceflight.", "release_date": "2022-09-08", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-514/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Drosophila melanogaster" ], "material_types": [ "head" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)", "mass spectrometry" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling", "protein expression profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina", "Orbitrap Fusion" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Sex", "Spaceflight", "Altered Gravity" ], "types": [ "Sex", "Space Flight", "Gravity", "Altered" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-14" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Janani Siddhita Sharmila D Iyer Mhatre Bhattacharya" ], "publication_title": "Artificial gravity partially protects space-induced neurological deficits in Drosophila melanogaster" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-515", "osd_num": 515, "identifiers": "GLDS-515", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-515", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/515", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/515" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional profiling of thymus from mice flown on the RR-23 mission", "description": "The objective of the Rodent Research-23 missions (RR-23) was to better understand the effects of spaceflight on the eyes, specifically on the structure and function of the arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels that are needed to maintain vision. To this end, twenty male, C57BL/6J, 16-17 weeks old mice were delivered to the ISS on SpaceX-21 in a single transporter, transferred to two rodent habitats, and maintained in microgravity for 38 days. Flight mice were then returned to Earth alive (Jan 13th, 2021). After splashdown in the Atlantic Ocean, mice were transported to Kennedy Space Center via helicopter. The 20 Flight, 20 Habitat Ground Control (HGC), and 20 Vivarium Ground Control (VGC) mice were removed from Rodent Transporters (Flight and HGC) or vivarium cages (VGC), placed into shipping containers, and flown to Texas A and M University. There, mice underwent post flight procedures, before euthanasia and tissue collection. Flight, HGC and VGC animals were euthanized and dissected on Jan 14th, 17th or 20th of 2021, respectively. Thymus tissues were preserved by immersion in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 ˚C until RNA was extracted, and libraries generated and sequenced (target 60 M clusters per sample, PE 150 bp). This dataset features 9 samples from the Flight group, 9 samples from the HGC group, and 9 samples from the VGC group. A technical replicate is included for one sample in each group. These consist of an independent library preparation for a single RNA extraction.", "release_date": "2022-10-18", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-515/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "thymus" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-21" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan David San-Huei Kristen Amanda Jonathan Valery Marie Yi-Chun Charles Gebre Sylvain M M T G V Galazka Zawieja Lai Polo Peach Saravia-Butler Oribello Boyko Dinh Chen Houseman Samrawit Costes" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-516", "osd_num": 516, "identifiers": "GLDS-516", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-516", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/516", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/516" } }, "overview": { "title": "Modeling cellular responses to serum and vitamin D in microgravity using a human kidney microphysiological system", "description": "The microgravity environment aboard the International Space Station (ISS) provides a unique stressor that can help understand underlying cellular and molecular drivers of pathological changes observed in astronauts with the ultimate goals of developing strategies to enable long- term spaceflight and better treatment of diseases on Earth. We used this unique environment to evaluate the effects of microgravity on kidney proximal tubule epithelial cell (PTEC) response to serum exposure and vitaminD biotransformation capacity. To test if microgravity alters the pathologic response of the proximal tubule to serum exposure, we treated PTECs cultured in a microphysiological system (PT-MPS) with human serum and measured biomarkers of toxicity and inflammation (KIM-1 and IL-6) and conducted global transcriptomics via RNAseq on cells undergoing flight (microgravity) and respective controls(ground). Given the profound bone loss observed in microgravity and PTECs produce the active form of vitamin D, we treated 3D cultured PTECs with 25(OH)D 3 (vitamin D) and monitored vitamin D metabolite formation, conducted global transcriptomics via RNAseq, and evaluated transcript expression of CYP27B1, CYP24A1, or CYP3A5 in PTECs undergoing flight (microgravity) and respective ground controls. We demonstrated that microgravity neither altered PTEC metabolism of vitamin D nor did it induce a unique response of PTECs to human serum, suggesting that these fundamental biochemical pathways in the kidney proximal tubule are not significantly altered by short-term exposure to microgravity. Given the prospect of extended spaceflight, more study is needed to determine if these responses are consistent with extended (greater than 6 months) exposure to microgravity.", "release_date": "2024-07-18", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-516/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "primary cell" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Treatment", "Sex" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "treatment", "Sex" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-17" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Cathy James Edward W Yeung MacDonald Kelly" ], "publication_title": "Modeling cellular responses to serum and vitamin D in microgravity using a human kidney microphysiological system." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-518", "osd_num": 518, "identifiers": "GLDS-518", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-518", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/518", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/518" } }, "overview": { "title": "Opposing influences of TAC1 and LAZY1 on Lateral Shoot Orientation in Arabidopsis", "description": "TAC1 and LAZY1 are members of a gene family that regulates lateral shoot orientation in plants. TAC1 promotes outward orientations in response to light, while LAZY1 promotes upward shoot orientations in response to gravity via altered auxin transport. We performed genetic, molecular, and biochemical assays to investigate possible interactions between these genes. In Arabidopsis they were expressed in similar tissues and double mutants revealed the wide-angled lazy1 branch phenotype, indicating it is epistatic to the tac1 shoot phenotype. Surprisingly, the lack of TAC1 did not influence gravitropic shoot curvature responses. Combined, these results suggest TAC1 might negatively regulate LAZY1 to promote outward shoot orientations. However, additional results revealed that TAC1- and LAZY1 influence on shoot orientation is more complex than a simple direct negative regulatory pathway. Transcriptomes of Arabidopsis tac1 and lazy1 mutants compared to wild type under normal and gravistimulated conditions revealed few overlapping differentially expressed genes. Overexpression of each gene did not result in major branch angle differences. Shoot tip hormone levels were similar between tac1, lazy1, and Col, apart from exceptionally elevated levels of salicylic acid in lazy1. The data presented here provide a foundation for future study of TAC1 and LAZY1 regulation of shoot architecture.", "release_date": "2020-03-21", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-518/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Genotype", "Treatment" ], "types": [ "Genotype", "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Courtney Joseph Jessica Chris A L Hollender Hill Waite Dardick" ], "publication_title": "Opposing influences of TAC1 and LAZY1 on Lateral Shoot Orientation in Arabidopsis." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-519", "osd_num": 519, "identifiers": "GLDS-519", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-519", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/519", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/519" } }, "overview": { "title": "PUCHI represses early meristem formation in developing lateral roots of Arabidopsis thaliana", "description": "Time-series RNAseq analysis following lateral root induction by gravistimulation. Lateral root organogenesis is a key process in the development of a plant’s root system and its adaptation to the environment. During lateral root formation, an early phase of cell proliferation first produces a four-cell-layered primordium, and only from this stage onwards is a root meristem-like structure, expressing root stem cell niche marker genes, being established in the developing organ. Previous studies reported that the gene regulatory network controlling lateral root formation is organized into two subnetworks whose mutual inhibition may contribute to organ patterning. PUCHI encodes an AP2/ERF transcription factor expressed early during lateral root primordium development and required for correct lateral root formation. To dissect the molecular events occurring during this early phase, we generated time-series transcriptomic datasets profiling lateral root development in puchi-1 mutants and wild types. Transcriptomic and reporter analyses revealed that meristem-related genes were expressed ectopically at early stages of lateral root formation in puchi-1 mutants. We conclude that, consistent with the inhibition of genetic modules contributing to lateral root development, PUCHI represses ectopic establishment of meristematic cell identities at early stages of organ development. These findings shed light on gene network properties that orchestrate correct timing and patterning during lateral root formation.", "release_date": "2022-03-25", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-519/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Genotype", "Organism Part", "Treatment", "Time" ], "types": [ "Genotype", "Organism Part", "treatment", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Soazig Laurent Kevin Guyomarc’h Laplaze Bellande" ], "publication_title": "PUCHI represses early meristem formation in developing lateral roots of Arabidopsis thaliana." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-520", "osd_num": 520, "identifiers": "GLDS-520", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-520", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/520", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/520" } }, "overview": { "title": "Changes in DNA Methylation in Arabidopsis thaliana Plants Exposed Over Multiple Generations to Gamma Radiation", "description": "Previous studies have found indications that exposure to ionising radiation (IR) results in DNA methylation changes in plants. However, this phenomenon is yet to be studied across multiple generations. Furthermore, the exact role of these changes in the IR-induced plant response is still far from understood. Here, we study the effect of gamma radiation on DNA methylation and its effect across generations in young Arabidopsis plants. A multigenerational set-up was used in which three generations (Parent, generation 1, and generation 2) of 7-day old Arabidopsis thaliana plants were exposed to either of the different radiation treatments (30, 60, 110, or 430 mGy/h) or to natural background radiation (control condition) for 14 days. The parental generation consisted of previously non-exposed plants, whereas generation 1 and generation 2 plants had already received a similar irradiation in the previous one or two generations, respectively. Directly after exposure the entire methylomes were analysed with UPLC-MS/MS to measure whole genome methylation levels. Whole genome bisulfite sequencing was used to identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs), including their methylation context in the three generations and this for three different radiation conditions (control, 30 mGy/h, and 110 mGy/h). Both intra- and intergenerational comparisons of the genes and transposable elements associated with the DMRs were made. Taking the methylation context into account, the highest number of changes were found for cytosines followed directly by guanine (CG methylation), whereas only limited changes in CHG methylation occurred and no changes in CHH methylation were observed. A clear increase in IR-induced DMRs was seen over the three generations that were exposed to the lowest dose rate, where generation 2 had a markedly higher number of DMRs than the previous two generations (Parent and generation 1). Counterintuitively, we did not see significant differences in the plants exposed to the highest dose rate. A large number of DMRs associated with transposable elements were found, the majority of them being hypermethylated, likely leading to more genetic stability. Next to that, a significant number of DMRs were associated with genes (either in their promoter-associated region or gene body). A functional analysis of these genes showed an enrichment for genes related to development as well as various stress responses, including DNA repair, RNA splicing, and (a)biotic stress responses. These observations indicate a role of DNA methylation in the regulation of these genes in response to IR exposure and shows a possible role for epigenetics in plant adaptation to IR over multiple generations.", "release_date": "2021-01-31", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-520/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [ "rosette" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "DNA methylation profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Generation", "Ionizing Radiation" ], "types": [ "generation", "ionizing radiation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Mohamed Pol Eline Jorden May Robin Filip Stefan Jacobs Ann Nele Mysara Lanaan Saenen Van de Walle Van Hees Nauts Van Nieuwerburgh Voorspoels Griet Cuypers Horemans" ], "publication_title": "Changes in DNA Methylation in Arabidopsis thaliana Plants Exposed Over Multiple Generations to Gamma Radiation." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-522", "osd_num": 522, "identifiers": "GLDS-522", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-522", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/522", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/522" } }, "overview": { "title": "Integrative Transcriptomics and Proteomics Profiling of Arabidopsis thaliana Elucidates Novel Mechanisms Underlying Spaceflight Adaptation", "description": "Spaceflight presents a unique environment with complex stressors, including microgravity and radiation, that can influence plant physiology at molecular levels. Combining transcriptomics and proteomics approaches, this research gives insights into the coordination of transcriptome and proteome in Arabidopsis’ molecular and physiological responses to Spaceflight environmental stress. Arabidopsis seedlings were germinated and grown in microgravity (ug) aboard the International Space Station (ISS) in NASA Biological Research in Canisters -Light Emitting Diode (BRIC LED) hardware, with the ground control established on Earth. At 10 days old, seedlings were frozen in RNA-later and returned to Earth. RNA-seq transcriptomics and TMT-labeled LC-MS/MS proteomic analysis of cellular fractionates from the plant tissues suggest the alteration of the photosynthetic machinery (PSII and PSI) in spaceflight, with the plant shifting photosystem core-regulatory proteins in an organ-specific manner to adapt to the microgravity environment. An overview of the ribosome, spliceosome, and proteasome activities in spaceflight revealed a significant abundance of transcripts and proteins involved in protease binding, nuclease activities, and mRNA binding in spaceflight, while those involved in tRNA binding, exoribonuclease activity, and RNA helicase activity were less abundant in spaceflight. CELLULOSE SYNTHASES (CESA1, CESA3, CESA5, CESA7) and CELLULOSE-LIKE PROTEINS (CSLE1, CSLG3), involved in cellulose deposition and TUBULIN COFACTOR B (TFCB) had reduced abundance in spaceflight. This contrasts with the increased expression of UDP-ARABINOPYRANOSE MUTASEs, involved in the biosynthesis of cell wall non-cellulosic polysaccharides, in spaceflight. Both transcripts and proteome suggested an altered polar auxin redistribution, lipid, and ionic intracellular transportation in spaceflight. Analyses also suggest an increased metabolic energy requirement for plants in Space than on Earth, hence, the activation of several shunt metabolic pathways. This study provides novel insights, based on integrated RNA and protein data, on how plants adapt to the spaceflight environment and it is a step further at achieving sustainable crop production in Space.", "release_date": "2024-03-04", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-522/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry", "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein expression profiling", "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "LTQ Orbitrap Velos(Thermo Scientific)", "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Organism Part", "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Organism Part", "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-13 SpaceX-14" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Gbolaga Natasha Michael Anna-Lisa Robert Sarah O J E Olanrewaju Haveman Naldrett Paul Ferl Wyatt" ], "publication_title": "Integrative Transcriptomics and Proteomics Profiling of Arabidopsis thaliana Elucidates Novel Mechanisms Underlying Spaceflight Adaptation" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-524", "osd_num": 524, "identifiers": "GLDS-524", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-524", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/524", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/524" } }, "overview": { "title": "Ionizing radiation induces transgenerational effects of DNA methylation in zebrafish", "description": "Ionizing radiation is known to cause DNA damage, yet the mechanisms underlying potential transgenerational effects of exposure have been scarcely studied. Previously, we observed effects in offspring of zebrafish exposed to gamma radiation during gametogenesis. Here, we hypothesize that these effects are accompanied by changes of DNA methylation possibly inherited by subsequent generations. We assessed DNA methylation in F1 embryos (5.5 hours post fertilization) with whole genome bisulfite sequencing following parental exposure to 8.7 mGy/h for 27 days and found 5658 differentially methylated regions (DMRs). DMRs were predominantly located at known regulatory regions, such as gene promoters and enhancers. Pathway analysis indicated the involvement of DMRs related to similar pathways found with gene expression analysis, such as development, apoptosis and cancers, which could be linked to previous observed developmental defects and genomic instability in the offspring. Follow up of 19 F1 DMRs in F2 and F3 embryos revealed persistent effects up to the F3 generation at 5 regions. These results indicate that ionizing radiation related effects in offspring can be linked to DNA methylation changes that partly can persist over generations. Monitoring DNA methylation could serve as a biomarker to provide an indication of ancestral exposures to ionizing radiation.", "release_date": "2022-09-28", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-524/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Danio rerio" ], "material_types": [ "whole embryos" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "Bisulfite sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "DNA methylation profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Generation" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "generation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Jorke Selma Leonardo Leif Juliette Deborah Brit Jan Peter M C L Kamstra Hurem Martin Lindeman Legler Oughton Salbu Lyche Aleström" ], "publication_title": "Altered non-coding RNA expression profile in F1 progeny 1 year after parental irradiation is linked to adverse effects in zebrafish Ionizing radiation induces transgenerational effects of DNA methylation in zebrafish" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-525", "osd_num": 525, "identifiers": "GLDS-525", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-525", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/525", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/525" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional profiling of cerebellums from mice flown on the RR-23 mission", "description": "The objective of the Rodent Research-23 missions (RR-23) was to better understand the effects of spaceflight on the eyes, specifically on the structure and function of the arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels that are needed to maintain vision. To this end, twenty male, C57BL/6J, 16-17 weeks old mice were delivered to the ISS on SpaceX-21 in a single transporter, transferred to two rodent habitats, and maintained in microgravity for 38 days. Flight mice were then returned to Earth alive (Jan 13th, 2021). After splashdown in the Atlantic Ocean, mice were transported to Kennedy Space Center via helicopter. The 20 Flight, 20 Habitat Ground Control (HGC), and 20 Vivarium Ground Control (VGC) mice were removed from Rodent Transporters (Flight and HGC) or vivarium cages (VGC), placed into shipping containers, and flown to Texas A and M University. There, mice underwent post flight procedures, before euthanasia and tissue collection. Flight, HGC and VGC animals were euthanized and dissected on Jan 14th, 17th or 20th of 2021, respectively. Cerebellums were preserved by immersion in RNAlater and stored at -80 ˚C until RNA was extracted, and libraries generated and sequenced (target 60 M clusters per sample, PE 150 bp). This dataset features 9 samples from the Flight group, 9 samples from the HGC group, and 8 samples from the VGC group. A technical replicate is included for one sample in each group. These consist of an independent library preparation for a single RNA extraction.", "release_date": "2022-10-18", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-525/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Cerebellum" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-21" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan David San-Huei Kristen Amanda Jonathan Valery Marie Yi-Chun Charles Gebre Sylvain Alec Alexis Jihan M M T G V Galazka Zawieja Lai Polo Peach Saravia-Butler Oribello Boyko Dinh Chen Houseman Samrawit Costes Vallota-Eastman Torres Yehia" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-528", "osd_num": 528, "identifiers": "GLDS-528", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-528", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/528", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/528" } }, "overview": { "title": "Development of an Inexpensive 3D Clinostat and Comparison with Other Microgravity Simulators using Mycobacterium marinum", "description": "M. marinum is a fish pathogen that usually only infects human skin, but it is genetically related to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium and has similar pathogenic mechanisms to these human pathogens. M. marinum and M. avium have been found in biofilms in water distribution systems and showerheads. Therefore, M. marinum is a biosafety level 2 model organism for biofilm-forming pathogenic mycobacteria. M. marinum prefer to form biofilms on hydrophobic surfaces and hydrophobic materials are used on the ISS, an example is silicone. In this study we wanted to examine the transcriptome changes of M. marinum exposed to simulated microgravity in biofilm-promoting medium. M. marinum expressing red fluorescent protein were grown in biofilm-promoting medium in flaskettes containing a piece of PDMS membrane attached to the slide. After filling the flaskettes, cultures were shipped to Kennedy Space station overnight. The flaskettes were attached to the RPM 2.0, or a lab-designed 3D clinostat which were positioned in the same incubator. For the normal gravity control, the flaskette was positioned on the shelf next to the microgravity simulators. After 4 days at 31 degrees C, the bacteria in suspension were used to prepare RNA and RNA-seq was performed to examine gene expression changes.", "release_date": "2023-01-17", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-528/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mycobacterium marinum" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Microgravity Simulation" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Lynn Harrison" ], "publication_title": "Development of an inexpensive 3D clinostat and comparison with other microgravity simulators using Mycobacterium marinum" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-530", "osd_num": 530, "identifiers": "GLDS-530", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-530", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/530", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/530" } }, "overview": { "title": "Cell-free RNA analysis of plasma samples collected from six astronauts in JAXA Cell-Free Epigenome (CFE) Study", "description": "A detailed understanding of how the human body responds to spaceflight will be important to develop countermeasures for long-term space exploration. Liquid biopsies offer minimally invasive alternatives to traditional tissue biopsies, while also permitting the extraction of cell-free nucleic acids, which may resolve molecular heterogeneity and extend the multi-omics scope better than standard methods. Full-body molecular profiling using cell-free nucleic acids isolated from liquid biopsies is hence one viable avenue for advancing space healthcare. Here, we perform a liquid biopsy study with six astronauts who resided on the International Space Station (ISS) for more than 120 days, and show that plasma cell-free RNA (cfRNA) can capture longitudinal gene expression responses of internal tissues to the spaceflight environment. Analysis of cfRNA collected before, during, and after spaceflight confirmed previously reported mitochondria dysregulation in space. Screening with 361 cell surface marker antibodies identified an extracellular mitochondria (exMT)-enriched fraction associated with the scavenger receptor CD36. RNA-sequencing analysis of the CD36 fraction revealed various tissue origins, some of which have not been well characterized due to their conventional inaccessibility. We compared our data to plasma cfRNA mouse data from a JAXA mission, in which on-board artificial gravity had been used, and discovered that microgravity induced the observed systemic responses. Our study used minimally invasive approaches to demonstrate exMT release as a conserved process in space and establishes the impact of gravity on Earth as an essential signal for normal homeostasis.", "release_date": "2022-12-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-530/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Plasma" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Time" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "JAXA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Masafumi Muratani" ], "publication_title": "Release of CD36-associated cell-free mitochondrial DNA and RNA as a hallmark of space environment response." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-531", "osd_num": 531, "identifiers": "GLDS-531", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-531", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/531", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/531" } }, "overview": { "title": "Identification of gravitropic response indicator genes in Arabidopsis inflorescence stems", "description": "Differential organ growth during gravitropic response is caused by differential accumulation of auxin, that is, relative higher auxin concentration in lower flanks than in upper flanks of responding organs. Auxin responsive reporter systems such as DR5::GUS and DR5::GFP have usually been used as indicators of gravitropic response in roots and hypocotyls of Arabidopsis. However, in the inflorescence stems, the reporter systems don't work well to monitor gravitropic response. Here, we aim to certify appropriate gravitropic response indicators (GRIs) in inflorescence stems. We performed microarray analysis comparing gene expression profiles between upper and lower flanks of Arabidopsis inflorescence stems after gravistimulation. Thirty genes showed greater than 2-fold differentially increased expression in lower flanks at 30 min, of which 19 were auxin response genes. We focused on IAA5 and IAA2 and verified whether they are appropriate GRIs by real-time qRT-PCR analyses. Transcript levels of IAA5 and IAA2 were remarkably higher in lower flanks than in upper flanks after gravistimulation. The biased IAA5 or IAA2 expression is disappeared in sgr2-1 mutant which is defective in gravity perception, indicating that gravity perception process is essential for formation of the biased gene expression during gravitropism. IAA5 expression was remarkably increased in lower flanks at 30 min after gravistimulation, whereas IAA2 expression was gradually decreased in upper flanks in a time-dependent manner. Therefore, we conclude that IAA5 is a sensitive GRI to monitor asymmetric auxin signaling caused by gravistimulation in Arabidopsis inflorescence stems.", "release_date": "2014-06-12", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-531/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [ "Inflorescence stems" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Treatment", "Time", "Tissue segment" ], "types": [ "treatment", "time", "Tissue segment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Miyo Terao Moritaka Masao Masatoshi Morita Nakamura Tasaka Taniguchi" ], "publication_title": "Identification of gravitropic response indicator genes in Arabidopsis inflorescence stems" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-532", "osd_num": 532, "identifiers": "GLDS-532", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-532", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/532", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/532" } }, "overview": { "title": "Space flight mouse plasma cell-free RNA sequencing in Mouse Habitat Unit-1 (MHU-1)", "description": "Purpose: Sequencing analysis of plasma cell-free RNA was performed to study the effects of space flight and microgravity environment in mice. Methods: Plasma samples were collected during the JAXA MHU-1 mission as reported previously (Shiba et al., 2017, Scientific Reports). Total RNA was purified from plasma samples and processed for sequencing analysis, to compare RNA expression profiles in ground control, space flight and artificial 1-G control groups.", "release_date": "2022-11-30", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-532/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Plasma" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Altered Gravity" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Gravity", "Altered" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-9" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "JAXA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Masafumi Muratani" ], "publication_title": "Release of CD36-associated cell-free mitochondrial DNA and RNA as a hallmark of space environment response" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-536", "osd_num": 536, "identifiers": "GLDS-536", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-536", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/536", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/536" } }, "overview": { "title": "Gene expression profiling for spaceflight induced-neuroinflammation in the mouse brain", "description": "The health risk from spaceflight-induced neuronal damage and potential adverse neurovascular effects is a chief concern. More recently, it has been proposed that neuroinflammatory response plays an important role in the neurovascular remodeling in the brain after stress. The goal of the present study was to characterize changes in the gene expression of neuroinflammation panel for inflammation, neuronal function, metabolism and stress in mouse brain tissue. Ten-week old male C57BL/6 mice were launched to the International Space Station (ISS) on Space-X 12 for a 35-day mission. Within 38+4 hours of splashdown, mice were returned to Earth alive. Brain tissues were collected for analysis. Habitat ground control (GC) mice were maintained on Earth in flight hardware cages. A novel digital color-coded barcode counting technology (NanoStringTM) was used to evaluate gene expression profiles in the spaceflight mouse brain. The Neuroinflammation panel includes 757 genes covering the core pathways and processes that define neuroimmune interactions. A set of 54 differently expressed genes (p less than 0.05) significantly segregates the GC group from flight (FLT) group. Many pathways associated with cellular stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and metabolism were significantly altered by flight conditions. Genes supporting neuronal synaptic signaling and migration were significantly downregulated in FLT compared to the GC mice. A decrease in the expression of genes important for oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin sheath maintenance was observed. Moreover, mRNA expression of many genes related to antiviral signaling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and bacterial immune response were significantly downregulated. These data indicate that neuroinflammation and altered immune reactions may be closely associate with spaceflight-induced stress response and have an impact on the neuronal function that may result in chronic neuroinflammation and late neurodegeneration. A total of 12 frozen right caudal half hemispheres containing mid- and hindbrain from GC and FLT mice (n equals 6 per group), were used for analysis", "release_date": "2022-08-10", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-536/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Brain" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "nCounter MAX" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-12" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Xiao Wen Jacob Seta Jeffrey Michael Michael M S J Mao Holley Stanbouly Willey Pecaut Delp" ], "publication_title": "Characterization of gene expression profiles in the mouse brain after 35 days of spaceflight mission." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-539", "osd_num": 539, "identifiers": "GLDS-539", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-539", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/539", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/539" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptomic response of bioengineered human cartilage to parabolic flight microgravity is sex-dependent", "description": "Spaceflight and simulated spaceflight microgravity induced osteoarthritic-like alterations at the transcriptomic and proteomic levels in the articular and meniscal cartilages of rodents. But little is known about the effect of spaceflight or simulated spaceflight microgravity on the transcriptome of tissue-engineered cartilage developed from human cells. In this study, we investigate the effect of simulated spaceflight microgravity facilitated by parabolic flights on tissue-engineered cartilage developed from chondrogenically differentiated human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells obtained from age-matched female and male donors. Our bulk transcriptome data via RNA sequencing demonstrated that the engineered tissues responded to parabolic microgravity in a sex-dependent manner.", "release_date": "2022-09-30", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-539/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "human engineered cartilage" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Sex", "Treatment" ], "types": [ "Sex", "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Zhiyao AK K. S. R. M. HZ DX K. AB Ma Aissiou Dhunnoo Jha Ravin Kunze Ma Li Wong Adesida" ], "publication_title": "Transcriptomic response of bioengineered human cartilage to parabolic flight microgravity is sex-dependent." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-540", "osd_num": 540, "identifiers": "GLDS-540", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-540", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/540", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/540" } }, "overview": { "title": "Ten-day human unilateral lower limb suspension and active recovery in young healthy men", "description": "Electrophysiological alterations of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and motor unit potential (MUP) with unloading are poorly studied. We aimed to investigate these aspects and the underlying molecular mechanisms with short-term unloading and active recovery (AR). Eleven healthy males underwent a 10-day unilateral lower limb suspension (ULLS) period, followed by 21-day AR based on resistance exercise. Quadriceps femoris (QF) cross-sectional area (CSA) and isometric maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) were evaluated. Intramuscular electromyographic recordings were obtained during 10% and 25% MVC isometric contractions from the vastus lateralis (VL). Biomarkers of NMJ molecular instability (serum c-terminal agrin fragment, CAF), axonal damage (neurofilament light chain) and denervation status were assessed from blood samples and VL biopsies. NMJ and ion channel transcriptomic profiles were investigated by RNA-sequencing. QF CSA and MVC decreased with ULLS. Increased CAF and altered NMJ transcriptome with unloading suggested the emergence of NMJ molecular instability, which was not associated with impaired NMJ transmission stability. Instead, increased MUP complexity and decreased motor unit firing rates were found after ULLS. Downregulation of ion channel gene expression was found together with increased neurofilament light chain concentration and partial denervation. The AR period restored most of these neuromuscular alterations. In conclusion, the human NMJ is destabilized at the molecular level but shows functional resilience to a 10-day unloading period at least at relatively low contraction intensities. However, MUP properties are altered by ULLS, possibly due to alterations in ion channel dynamics and initial axonal damage and denervation. These changes are fully reversed by 21 days of AR. KEY POINTS: We used integrative electrophysiological and molecular approaches to comprehensively investigate changes in neuromuscular integrity and function after a 10-day unilateral lower limb suspension (ULLS), followed by 21 days of active recovery in young healthy men, with a particular focus on neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and motor unit potential (MUP) properties alterations. After 10-day ULLS, we found significant NMJ molecular alterations in the absence of NMJ transmission stability impairment. These findings suggest that the human NMJ is functionally resilient against insults and stresses induced by short-term disuse at least at relatively low contraction intensities, at which low-threshold, slow-type motor units are recruited. Intramuscular electromyography analysis revealed that unloading caused increased MUP complexity and decreased motor unit firing rates, and these alterations could be related to the observed changes in skeletal muscle ion channel pool and initial and partial signs of fibre denervation and axonal damage. The active recovery period restored these neuromuscular changes.", "release_date": "2022-09-27", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-540/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Vastus Lateralis" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Hindlimb Unloading" ], "types": [ "Hindlimb Suspension" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "Italian Space Agency (ASI)" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Luigi Julián Fabio Daniel Martino Elena Zampieri Giacomo Giuseppe Lisa Matteo Jamie Giuseppe Carlo Marco W V M S V Ferrucci Candia Sarto Stashuk Franchi Monti Sandra Valli Sirago Hartnell Paganini McPhee De Vito Reggiani Narici" ], "publication_title": "Effects of short‐term unloading and active recovery on human motor unit properties, neuromuscular junction transmission and transcriptomic profile" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-541", "osd_num": 541, "identifiers": "GLDS-541", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-541", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/541", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/541" } }, "overview": { "title": "Simulated Microgravity Exerts an Age-Dependent Effect on the Differentiation of Cardiovascular Progenitors Isolated from the Human Heart", "description": "Microgravity has a profound effect on cardiovascular function, however, little is known about the impact of microgravity on progenitors that reside within the heart. We investigated the effect of simulated microgravity exposure on progenitors isolated from the neonatal and adult human heart by quantifying changes in functional parameters, gene expression and protein levels after 6-7 days of 2D clinorotation. Utilization of neonatal and adult cardiovascular progenitors in ground-based studies has provided novel insight into how microgravity may affect cells differently depending on age. Simulated microgravity exposure did not impact AKT or ERK phosphorylation levels and did not influence cell migration, but elevated transcripts for paracrine factors were identified in neonatal and adult cardiovascular progenitors. Age-dependent responses surfaced when comparing the impact of microgravity on differentiation. Endothelial cell tube formation was unchanged or increased in progenitors from adults whereas neonatal cardiovascular progenitors showed a decline in tube formation (p less than 0.05). Von Willebrand Factor, an endothelial differentiation marker, and MLC2v and Troponin T, markers for cardiomyogenic differentiation, were elevated in expression in adult progenitors after simulated microgravity. DNA repair genes and telomerase reverse transcriptase which are highly expressed in early stem cells were increased in expression in neonatal but not adult cardiac progenitors after growth under simulated microgravity conditions. Neonatal cardiac progenitors demonstrated higher levels of MESP1, OCT4, and brachyury, markers for early stem cells. MicroRNA profiling was used to further investigate the impact of simulated microgravity on cardiovascular progenitors. Fifteen microRNAs were significantly altered in expression, including microRNAs-99a and 100 (which play a critical role in cell dedifferentiation). These microRNAs were unchanged in adult cardiac progenitors. The effect of exposure to simulated microgravity in cardiovascular progenitors is age-dependent. Adult cardiac progenitors showed elevated expression of markers for endothelial and cardiomyogenic differentiation whereas neonatal progenitors acquired characteristics of dedifferentiating cells.", "release_date": "2016-02-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-541/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells", "Cultured" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "real time PCR" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "SABiosciences" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Altered Gravity" ], "types": [ "Gravity", "Altered" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Mary Tania I Kearns-Jonker Fuentes" ], "publication_title": "Simulated Microgravity Exerts an Age-Dependent Effect on the Differentiation of Cardiovascular Progenitors Isolated from the Human Heart" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-542", "osd_num": 542, "identifiers": "GLDS-542", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-542", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/542", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/542" } }, "overview": { "title": "Effects of 14 days of confinement on blood gene expression profiles in men", "description": "The effects of short-term confinement on gene expression profiles in blood were evaluated. Fourteen days confinement study was conducted 2 times. In each experiment, 8 male subjects were stayed in an isolation and confinement facility at Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. DNA microarray of extracted RNA from whole blood samples revealed that the expression levels of 3,659 genes were significantly altered by the 14-day confinement. The changes in gene expression profiles were not exactly the same as those in response to the other stress conditions, such as chronic psychological stress and spaceflight. In particular, 7 genes, LIN9, AK125040.1, MGC45922, C9orf173-AS1, OR1P1P, KRTAP10-12, and ARFRP1, responded to the confinement prominently. Therefore, the analysis of expression levels of these genes might be useful to assess the stress responses of human body to the confinement. In addition, biological interpretation of the alteration of gene expression profiles with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis indicated that 14-day confinement stimulated various signaling related to pro inflammation and leukocyte extravasation but suppressed apoptosis signaling. In agreement with the interpretation, the decrease of white blood cells in blood was confirmed during the confinement. On the other hand, red blood cells and platelets did not decrease. These results suggest that 14-day confinement is likely to induce shift of white blood cells from “the circulating pool” to “the marginated pool”.", "release_date": "2022-10-08", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-542/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Whole Blood" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Time" ], "types": [ "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Masaya Seki" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-546", "osd_num": 546, "identifiers": "GLDS-546", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-546", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/546", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/546" } }, "overview": { "title": "SCD – Stem Cell Differentiation Toward Osteoblast Onboard the International Space Station", "description": "Microgravity produces a variety of physical, chemical, and biological cues leading to an intricate and largely unresolved network of mechanosensitive molecules, transduction pathways, oxidative stress-related responses, and adaptations. The bone loss observed in astronauts and animal models after spaceflight is attributable to alterations in the bone tissue formation that depends on the continuous remodelling through the activities of bone-resorbing osteoclasts of hematopoietic lineage and bone-forming osteoblast of mesenchymal origin. Focusing on osteogenic differentiation, we present the results of the ”SCD - Stem Cells Differentiation” experiment, aiming to determine how human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs) react to a prolonged (approx. 2 weeks) exposure to microgravity in terms of growth, and differentiation when treated with a physiological osteo-inducer as 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (Vit D3). The experiment was selected by the European Space Agency and transferred to ISS with the Soyuz-TMA- 16M (ISS 42S). It was carefully prepared because experiments performed on ISS remain a uniquely exceptional means of clarifying the microgravitational effects on osteogenesis, often only partially activated and detectable under simulated conditions. Because of the substantial reduction in calcification observed (about 50% inflight vs. on-ground control), we looked at significantly affected pathways in hBMSCs grown in microgravity vs. on-ground controls. Genome-wide expression changes were assessed via microarray and next generation sequencing (NGS) and integrated with exosomal mi-RNA measurements. Multi-scale pathway analysis of the omics datasets revealed evidence of cell cycle arrest, occurring with a number of osteogenic gene markers, but without indications of adipogenesis, senescence and/or apoptosis.", "release_date": "2019-01-31", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-546/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Affymetrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Treatment" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "Soyuz TMA-16M Soyuz TMA-15M" ], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "Italian Space Agency (ASI)" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Silvia Damariz Livia Michele Simone Francesco Duccio Paolo Bradamante Rivero Barenghi Balsamo Minardi Vitali Cavalieri" ], "publication_title": "SCD – Stem Cell Differentiation Toward Osteoblast Onboard the International Space Station" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-548", "osd_num": 548, "identifiers": "GLDS-548", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-548", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/548", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/548" } }, "overview": { "title": "Balancing apelin and angiotensin-II signaling to reduce heart injury during weightlessness", "description": "In order to further develop gene expression methods for simulated weightlessness, genome-wide microarray expression profiles were used as a discovery platform to identify genes differentially expressed in mice after simulated weightlessness. After 28 days of tail suspension simulated weightlessness in 10-week-old male C57BL/6 mice, 706 genes were identified to distinguish tail suspension from control samples.", "release_date": "2019-01-18", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-548/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "cardiac muscle tissue" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Hindlimb Unloading" ], "types": [ "Hindlimb Suspension" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Wenyi T. Yuan Peng" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-554", "osd_num": 554, "identifiers": "GLDS-554", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-554", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/554", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/554" } }, "overview": { "title": "Characterization of Biofilm Formation, Growth, and Gene Expression on Different Materials and Environmental Conditions in Microgravity (Gene expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms)", "description": "Microorganisms' natural ability to live as organized multicellular communities – also known as biofilms – provides them with unique survival advantages. For instance, biofilms are protected against environmental stresses thanks to their extracellular matrix, which could contribute to persistent infections after treatment. Biofilms are also capable of strongly attaching to surfaces, where their metabolism byproducts could lead to surface material degradation. Furthermore, microgravity can alter biofilm behavior in unexpected ways, making the presence of biofilms in space a risk for both astronauts and spaceflight hardware. Despite the efforts to eliminate microorganism contamination from spacecrafts surfaces, it is impossible to prevent human-associated bacteria or fungus from eventually establishing biofilm surface colonization. Nevertheless, by understanding the changes that biofilms undergo in microgravity, it is possible to identify key differences and pathways that could be targeted to significantly reduce biofilm formation. The Space Biofilms project, performed at the International Space Station, contributes to such understanding by characterizing the morphology and gene expression of bacterial and fungal biofilms formed in microgravity with respect to ground controls. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used as model organism for the bacterial morphology and transcriptomic studies, while Penicillium rubens was used for the fungal morphology study. Bacterial biofilm formation was characterized at one, two, and three days of incubation (37C) over six different materials: stainless steel 316, passivated stainless steel 316, a lubricant impregnated surface (LIS), catheter grade silicone with and without a linear microtopography, and cellulose membrane.", "release_date": "2023-08-24", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-554/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Pseudomonas aeruginosa" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Growth Environment", "Time", "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "growth environment", "time", "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "NG-12" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Pamela Luis Flores Zea" ], "publication_title": "Potential biofilm control strategies for extended spaceflight missions Design of a spaceflight biofilm experiment SPACE BIOFILMS – AN OVERVIEW OF THE MORPHOLOGY AND GENE EXPRESSION OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA BIOFILMS GROWN ON BOARD THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION Morphology of Penicillium rubens Biofilms Formed in Space Preparation for and performance of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm experiment on board the International Space Station Effects of Spaceflight on Morphology and Gene Expression of Biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Grown over Different Spaceflight- and Medically-Relevant Materials Penicillium rubens Biofilms Formed in Space on Seven Different Materials – Biomass, Surface Area, and Thickness Comparisons With Respect to Earth Controls Lubricant-impregnated surface minimizes biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in spaceflight Biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in spaceflight is minimized on lubricant impregnated surfaces" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-561", "osd_num": 561, "identifiers": "GLDS-556", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-561", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/561", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/561" } }, "overview": { "title": "Bulk RNA sequencing and spatially resolved transcriptional profiling of cerebellums from mice flown on the RRRM-2 mission", "description": "In the Rodent Research Reference Mission (RRRM-2), forty female C57BL/6NTac mice were flown on the International Space Station. To assess differences in outcomes due to age, twenty 12 week-old and twenty 29 week-old mice were flown, respectively. To directly assess spaceflight effects, half of the young and old mice (10 old, 10 young) were sacrificed on-orbit after 55-58 days (ISS Terminal, ISS-T), while the other half (10 old, 10 young) were returned live to Earth after 32 days and allowed to recover for 24 days (Live Animal Return, LAR) before sacrifice. ISS-T and LAR mice were the same age at sacrifice. Both the ISS-T and LAR animals had independent ground controls (10 mice per group housed in flight hardware in matched environmental conditions), basal controls (10 mice per group sacrificed 2 days before launch), and vivarium controls (10 mice per group housed within standard vivarium habitats). Thus RRRM-2 included a total of 160 mice. This study includes bulk RNA sequencing and spatially resolved transcriptional profiling data from cerebellums from 4 (bulk RNAseq) or 5 (spatial transcriptomics) old ISS-T flight animals, 3 old ISS-T ground control (GC) animals, 5 young ISS-T flight animals, 3 young ISS-T GC animals, 3 old LAR flight animals, 3 old LAR GC animals, 2 (bulk RNAseq) or 3 (spatial transcriptomics) young LAR flight animals, and 3 young LAR GC animals. Cerebellums from the right hemisphere were embedded and cryosectioned. Cryosections were either processed for bulk RNA sequencing or placed on gene expression arrays, stained and imaged. Imaging was followed by tissue permeabilization to release mRNA molecules from cells for capture onto the array surface. Subsequently, spatial transcriptomics libraries were prepared and sequenced.", "release_date": "2022-12-15", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-561/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "right hemisphere of cerebellum" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "spatial transcriptomics", "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Euthanasia Location", "Age" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Euthanasia Location", "age" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-18" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Sylvain Jonathan Samrawit Stefania Egle Cassie Louis Michael Solene Marie Valery Yi-Chun San-Huei Kristen Amanda Jonathan V M G M O Costes Galazka Gebre Giacomello Cekanaviciute Juran Stodieck Roberts Frapard Dinh Boyko Chen Lai Polo Peach Saravia-Butler Oribello" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-562", "osd_num": 562, "identifiers": "GLDS-557", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-562", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/562", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/562" } }, "overview": { "title": "Bulk RNA sequencing and spatially resolved transcriptional profiling of hippocampi from mice flown on the RRRM-2 mission", "description": "In the Rodent Research Reference Mission (RRRM-2), forty female C57BL/6NTac mice were flown on the International Space Station. To assess differences in outcomes due to age, twenty 12 week-old and twenty 29 week-old mice were flown, respectively. To directly assess spaceflight effects, half of the young and old mice (10 old, 10 young) were sacrificed on-orbit after 55-58 days (ISS Terminal, ISS-T), while the other half (10 old, 10 young) were returned live to Earth after 32 days and allowed to recover for 24 days (Live Animal Return, LAR) before sacrifice. ISS-T and LAR mice were the same age at sacrifice. Both the ISS-T and LAR animals had independent ground controls (10 mice per group housed in flight hardware in matched environmental conditions), basal controls (10 mice per group sacrificed 2 days before launch), and vivarium controls (10 mice per group housed within standard vivarium habitats). Thus RRRM-2 included a total of 160 mice. This study includes bulk RNA sequencing and spatially resolved transcriptional profiling data from hippocampi from 5 old ISS-T flight animals, 3 old ISS-T ground control (GC) animals, 4 (bulk RNAseq) or 5 (spatial transcriptomics) young ISS-T flight animals, 3 young ISS-T GC animals, 3 old LAR flight animals, 3 old LAR GC animals, 3 young LAR flight animals, and 3 young LAR GC animals. Hippocampi from the right hemisphere were either processed for bulk RNA sequencing or embedded and cryosectioned. Cryosections were placed on gene expression arrays, stained and imaged. Imaging was followed by tissue permeabilization to release mRNA molecules from cells for capture onto the array surface. Subsequently, spatial transcriptomics libraries were prepared and sequenced.", "release_date": "2022-12-15", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-562/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Right hippocampus" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "spatial transcriptomics", "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Euthanasia Location", "Age" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Euthanasia Location", "age" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-18" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan Stefania Egle Cassie Sylvain Samrawit Louis Michael Solene Marie Valery Yi-Chun San-Huei Kristen Amanda Jonathan M V G M O Galazka Giacomello Cekanaviciute Juran Costes Gebre Stodieck Roberts Frapard Dinh Boyko Chen Lai Polo Peach Saravia-Butler Oribello" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-563", "osd_num": 563, "identifiers": "GLDS-568", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-563", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/563", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/563" } }, "overview": { "title": "Bulk RNA sequencing and spatially resolved transcriptional profiling of cerebellums from mice flown on the RR-10 mission", "description": "The objective of the Rodent Research-10 mission (RR-10) was to investigate how spaceflight affects the cellular and molecular mechanisms of normal bone tissue regeneration in space. To this end, ten (10) 14-15 weeks-old female B6129SF2/J Wild Type (WT), and ten (10) 14-15 weeks-old female B6;129S2-Cdkn1atm1Tyj/J (p21-null) mice received a pre-flight subcutaneous injection of the bone marker (Alizarin Red), and were then delivered to the ISS aboard SpaceX-21. At 7 days before euthanasia, all 20 mice received an intraperitoneal (IP) injection with a bone formation marker (Calcein). At 48 +/- 2 hours before euthanasia, all 20 mice received an IP injection with a second dose of Calcein as well as a cell proliferation marker (BrdU). Then, following 28-29 days in microgravity, the Flight mice were euthanized. Following removal of hindlimbs, carcasses were wrapped in aluminum foil, preserved in the CryoChiller, and stored at -80 C or colder until return to Earth. In addition to the Flight group, three ground control groups were also part of the study: Basal (representing the pre-launch state), Vivarium (standard vivarium housing for the same duration of time as flight), and Ground (flight habitat in the International Space Station Environment Simulator, ISSES). Twenty mice (10 of each strain) were included in each of these control groups (except Vivarium which included 12 of each strain). These were treated, euthanized and processed on the same schedule and in the same manner as the flight samples. This study includes bulk RNA sequencing and spatially resolved transcriptional profiling data from cerebellums from 5 WT flight animals, and 5 WT ground control animals. Cerebellums from the right hemisphere were embedded and cryosectioned. Cryosections were either processed for bulk RNA sequencing or placed on gene expression arrays, stained and imaged. Imaging was followed by tissue permeabilization to release mRNA molecules from cells for capture onto the array surface. Subsequently, spatial transcriptomics libraries were prepared and sequenced.", "release_date": "2022-12-15", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-563/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "right hemisphere of cerebellum" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "spatial transcriptomics", "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-21" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan Stefania Eduardo Sylvain Samrawit Solene Egle Marie Valery Yi-Chun San-Huei Kristen Amanda Jonathan M V G T M Galazka Giacomello Almeida Costes Gebre Frapard Cekanaviciute Dinh Boyko Chen Lai Polo Peach Saravia-Butler Oribello" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-564", "osd_num": 564, "identifiers": "GLDS-569", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-564", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/564", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/564" } }, "overview": { "title": "Bulk RNA sequencing and spatially resolved transcriptional profiling of hippocampi from mice flown on the RR-10 mission", "description": "The objective of the Rodent Research-10 mission (RR-10) was to investigate how spaceflight affects the cellular and molecular mechanisms of normal bone tissue regeneration in space. To this end, ten (10) 14-15 weeks-old female B6129SF2/J Wild Type (WT), and ten (10) 14-15 weeks-old female B6;129S2-Cdkn1atm1Tyj/J (p21-null) mice received a pre-flight subcutaneous injection of the bone marker (Alizarin Red), and were then delivered to the ISS aboard SpaceX-21. At 7 days before euthanasia, all 20 mice received an intraperitoneal (IP) injection with a bone formation marker (Calcein). At 48 +/- 2 hours before euthanasia, all 20 mice received an IP injection with a second dose of Calcein as well as a cell proliferation marker (BrdU). Then, following 28-29 days in microgravity, the Flight mice were euthanized. Following removal of hindlimbs, carcasses were wrapped in aluminum foil, preserved in the CryoChiller, and stored at -80 C or colder until return to Earth. In addition to the Flight group, three ground control groups were also part of the study: Basal (representing the pre-launch state), Vivarium (standard vivarium housing for the same duration of time as flight), and Ground (flight habitat in the International Space Station Environment Simulator, ISSES). Twenty mice (10 of each strain) were included in each of these control groups (except Vivarium which included 12 of each strain). These were treated, euthanized and processed on the same schedule and in the same manner as the flight samples. This study includes bulk RNA sequencing and spatially resolved transcriptional profiling data from hippocampi from 5 WT flight animals and 5 WT ground control animals. Hippocampi from the right hemisphere were embedded and cryosectioned. Cryosections were either processed for bulk RNA sequencing or placed on gene expression arrays, stained and imaged. Imaging was followed by tissue permeabilization to release mRNA molecules from cells for capture onto the array surface. Subsequently, spatial transcriptomics libraries were prepared and sequenced.", "release_date": "2022-12-15", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-564/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Right hippocampus" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "spatial transcriptomics", "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-21" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan Stefania Eduardo Sylvain Samrawit Solene Egle Marie Valery Yi-Chun San-Huei Kristen Amanda Jonathan M V G T M Galazka Giacomello Almeida Costes Gebre Frapard Cekanaviciute Dinh Boyko Chen Lai Polo Peach Saravia-Butler Oribello" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-565", "osd_num": 565, "identifiers": "GLDS-558", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-565", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/565", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/565" } }, "overview": { "title": "Utilizing the KSC Fixation Tube to Conduct Human-Tended Plant Biology Experiments on a Suborbital Spaceflight", "description": "Suborbital spaceflights now enable human-tended research investigating short-term gravitational effects in biological systems, eliminating the need for complex automation. Here, we discuss a method utilizing KSC Fixation Tubes (KFTs) to both carry biology to suborbital space as well as fix that biology at certain stages of flight. Plants on support media were inserted into the sample side of KFTs preloaded with RNAlater in the fixation chamber. The KFTs were activated at various stages of a simulated flight to fix the plants. RNA-seq analysis conducted on tissue samples housed in KFTs, showed that plants behaved consistently in KFTs when compared to petri-plates. Over the time course, roots adjusted to hypoxia and leaves adjusted to changes in photosynthesis. These responses were due in part to the environment imposed by the encased triple containment of the KFTs, which is a requirement for flight in human spacecraft. While plants exhibited expected reproducible transcriptomic alteration over time in the KFTs, responses to clinorotation during the simulated flight suggest that transcriptomic responses to suborbital spaceflight can be examined using this approach.", "release_date": "2022-10-04", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-565/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Treatment", "Organism Part", "Microgravity Simulation" ], "types": [ "treatment", "Organism Part", "Weightlessness Simulation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Natasha Robert Mingqi Jordan Hunter Anna-Lisa J F Haveman Ferl Zhou Callaham Strickland Paul" ], "publication_title": "Utilizing the KSC Fixation Tube to Conduct Human-Tended Plant Biology Experiments on a Suborbital Spaceflight" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-566", "osd_num": 566, "identifiers": "GLDS-567", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-566", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/566", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/566" } }, "overview": { "title": "Sexual Dimorphism during Integrative Endocrine and Immune Responses to Ionizing Radiation in Mice -- Adrenal data", "description": "Exposure to cosmic ionizing radiation is an innate risk of the spaceflight environment that can cause DNA damage and altered cellular function. In astronauts, longitudinal monitoring of physiological systems and interactions between these systems are important to consider for mitigation strategies. In addition, assessments of sex-specific biological responses in the unique environment of spaceflight are vital to support future exploration missions that include both females and males. Here we assessed sex-specific, multi-system immune and endocrine responses to simulated cosmic radiation. For this, 24-week-old, male and female C57Bl/6J mice were exposed to simplified five-ion, space-relevant galactic cosmic ray (GCRsim) radiation at 15 and 50 cGy, to simulate predicted radiation exposures that would be experienced during lunar and Martian missions, respectively. Blood and adrenal tissues were collected at 3- and 14-days post-exposure for analysis of immune and endocrine biosignatures and pathways. Sexually dimorphic adrenal gland weights and morphology, differential total RNA expression, and unique immune phenotypes were altered by GCRsim. In brief, this study offers new insights into sexually dimorphic immune and endocrine kinetics following simulated cosmic radiation exposure and highlights the necessity for personalized translational approaches for astronauts during exploration missions. This study includes data from adrenal samples only.", "release_date": "2024-05-17", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-566/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "adrenal gland" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Sex" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "Sex" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Amber Paul" ], "publication_title": "Sexual dimorphism during integrative endocrine and immune responses to ionizing radiation in mice" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-569", "osd_num": 569, "identifiers": "GLDS-561 LSDS-7", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-569", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/569", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/569" } }, "overview": { "title": "Whole Blood Measurements from the SpaceX Inspiration4 Mission (RNA-seq, epitranscriptome, WGS, clonal hematopoiesis, CBC)", "description": "The SpaceX Inspiration4 mission was a 3-day mission with four private astronauts to low Earth orbit that occurred in September 2021. The crew collected biospecimen samples before, during, and after flight. One of these biospecimen collections included whole blood collected via venipuncture into PaxGene Blood RNA tubes (BD Biosciences, #762165), collected pre-flight (L-92, L-44, L-3) and post-flight (R+1, R+45, R+82, R+194). Total RNA was purified from each tube and mRNA was sequenced using the Oxford Nanopore Technologies direct RNA-sequencing kit on the PromethION. Data was used to generate differential gene expression profiles and annotate sites of m6A modification. Additionally, whole genome sequencing was performed on crew members at L-44 and R+45 and a clonal hematopoiesis panel was performed on a subset of 9 genes (DNMT3A, TET2, ASXL1, TP53, CHEK2, JAK2, SRSF2, SF3B1, PPM1D). For these, DNA was isolated from the pellet of a cfDNA blood collection tube (Streck, cat #230470) (L-44, L-3, R+1, R+45, R+82, R+194). Finally, whole blood collected in K2 EDTA tubes (BD Biosciences, cat# 367844) were submitted to Quest Diagnostics for a complete blood count at all ground timepoints (L-92, L-44, L-3, R+1, R+45, R+82, R+194).", "release_date": "2024-05-14", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-569/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "RBC pellet", "Whole Blood" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "Hematology Analyzer", "long read RNA Sequencing", "nucleotide sequencing", "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "Complete Blood Count", "transcription profiling", "genome sequencing", "Targeted Genome Sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Quest Diagnostics", "Oxford Nanopore Technologies", "Element Biosciences", "Ultima Genomics", "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Time", "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "time", "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX Inspiration4" ], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Christopher Eliah Kirill Theodore J. Sebastian E G. M Mason Overbey Grigorev Nelson Garcia Medina" ], "publication_title": "The Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) and international astronaut biobank Direct RNA sequencing of astronauts reveals spaceflight-associated m6A increases and hematopoietic transcriptional responses Collection of Biospecimens from the Inspiration4 Mission Establishes the Standards for the Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) Genome and clonal hematopoiesis stability contrasts with immune, cfDNA, mitochondrial, and telomere length changes during short duration spaceflight. CAMbank: cfDNA BCT Field Processing v1" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-570", "osd_num": 570, "identifiers": "GLDS-562", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-570", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/570", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/570" } }, "overview": { "title": "SpaceX Inspiration4 PBMC Profiling: snRNA-seq, snATAC-seq, and T-cell and B-cell repertoire profiling", "description": "The SpaceX Inspiration4 mission was a 3-day mission with four private astronauts to low Earth orbit that occurred in September 2021. The crew collected biospecimen samples before and after flight. One of these biospecimen collections included PBMCs collected via venipuncture two 4mL K2 EDTA tubes (BD Biosciences, cat# 367844), collected pre-flight (L-92, L-44, L-3) and post-flight (R+1, R+45, R+82). Single-nuclei RNA-seq and single-nuclei ATAC-seq were co-assayed using the 10X Genomics Multiome Kit (L-92, L-44, L-3, R+1, R+45, R+82 timepoints). T-cell and B-cell V(D)J repertoires were profiled using the 10X Genomics Chromium Next GEM Single Cell 5’ Kit (L-3, R+1, R+45, R+82 timepoints). Libraries were sequenced on the Illumina platform. Differential gene expression profiles and clonotypes detected per timepoint were calculated from sequencing results.", "release_date": "2024-05-14", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-570/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "single-cell RNA sequencing", "single-cell ATAC-seq" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling", "Chromatin Accessibility" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Time", "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "time", "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX Inspiration4" ], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Christopher Eliah JangKeun E G. Mason Overbey Kim" ], "publication_title": "The Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) and international astronaut biobank Single-cell multi-ome and immune profiles of the Inspiration4 crew reveal conserved, cell-type, and sex-specific responses to spaceflight Collection of Biospecimens from the Inspiration4 Mission Establishes the Standards for the Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) Longitudinal multi-omics analysis of host microbiome architecture and immune responses during short-term spaceflight CAMbank: CPT Field Processing v1" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-571", "osd_num": 571, "identifiers": "GLDS-563", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-571", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/571", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/571" } }, "overview": { "title": "SpaceX Inspiration4 Plasma Profiling: Proteomics, EVPs, Metabolomics, cfDNA Sequencing and cfRNA Sequencing", "description": "The SpaceX Inspiration4 mission was a 3-day mission with four private astronauts to low Earth orbit that occurred in September 2021. The crew collected biospecimen samples before, during, and after flight. One of these biospecimens was plasma from venous blood, which was collected pre-flight (L-92, L-44, L-3) and post-flight (R+1, R+45, R+82). Plasma was collected via three methods: cell-free DNA blood collection tubes (cfDNA BCTs), cell processing tubes (CPTs) and via Ficoll separation from K2 EDTA tubes. Plasma from cfDNA BCTs was used to isolate cfDNA for sequencing. Plasma from CPTs was used for proteomics. Plasma from the K2 EDTA tubes was used for metabolomics and to isolate extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) for mass spectrometry. Differential protein and metabolite abundances were calculated pre vs post-flight to generate processed data files.", "release_date": "2024-05-14", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-571/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Plasma" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry", "nucleotide sequencing", "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein expression profiling", "metabolite profiling", "genome sequencing", "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Bruker timsTOF Pro", "Q Exactive(Thermo Scientific)", "Agilent 6550 iFunnel Quadrupole-Time-of-flight (Q-TOF) Mass spectrometer", "Element AVITI system", "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Time" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX Inspiration4" ], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Christopher Eliah Nadia Irina Karolina Laura Annalise E G. Mason Overbey Houerbi Matei Sienkiewicz Patras Schweickart" ], "publication_title": "The Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) and international astronaut biobank Secretome profiling reveals acute changes in oxidative stress, brain homeostasis, and coagulation following short-duration spaceflight Collection of Biospecimens from the Inspiration4 Mission Establishes the Standards for the Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) CAMbank: CPT Field Processing v1" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-572", "osd_num": 572, "identifiers": "GLDS-564", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-572", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/572", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/572" } }, "overview": { "title": "SpaceX Inspiration4 Oral, Nasal, and Skin Metagenomic and Metatranscriptomic Microbial Swabs", "description": "The SpaceX Inspiration4 mission was a 3-day mission with four private astronauts to low Earth orbit that occurred in September 2021. The crew collected biospecimen samples before, during, and after flight. One of these biospecimen collections included oral, nasal, and skin microbial swabs collected from ten locations (oral, nasal cavity, post-auricular, axillary vault, volar forearm, occiput, umbilicus, gluteal crease, glabella, and toe web space). Skin swabs were first dipped in nuclease-free water before swabbing each region for 30 seconds. Oral and nasal swabs did not include this swab-wetting step. Nuclease-free water samples were sequenced as controls. Swabs were collected at three pre-flight timespoints (L-92, L-44, L-3), two in-flight timepoints (flight day 2 (FD2), and flight day 3 (FD3)), and three post-flight timepoints (R+1, R+45, R+82). Swabs were stored in 400uL of Zymo Research DNA/RNA Shield at 4C until nucleic acid extraction. DNA and RNA were extracted from the same swab to generate metagenomic and metatranscriptomic profiles.", "release_date": "2024-05-14", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-572/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [ "Swab" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing", "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "Metagenomic sequencing", "metatranscriptome sequencing assay" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Time", "Sample Location" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "time", "Sample Location" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX Inspiration4" ], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Braden Christopher Eliah T E G Tierney Mason Overbey" ], "publication_title": "Longitudinal multi-omics analysis of host microbiome architecture and immune responses during short-term spaceflight The Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) and international astronaut biobank Collection of Biospecimens from the Inspiration4 Mission Establishes the Standards for the Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA)" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-573", "osd_num": 573, "identifiers": "GLDS-565", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-573", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/573", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/573" } }, "overview": { "title": "SpaceX Inspiration4 Dragon Capsule Metagenomic and Metatranscriptomic Microbial Swabs", "description": "The SpaceX Inspiration4 mission was a 3-day mission with four private astronauts to low Earth orbit that occurred in September 2021. The crew collected biospecimen samples before, during, and after flight. One of these biospecimen collections included microbial swabs collected from nine surfaces in the Dragon capsule (execute button, G-meter button, control touch screen - left, control touch screen - right, side hatch mobility aid, lid of waste locker, seat 2, commode panel, viewing dome) and one open air control. Swabs were collected twice during flight (flight day 2 (FD2), and flight day 3 (FD3)) and twice pre-flight in the crew training capsule in Hawthorne, CA (L-92, L-44). Swabs were stored in 400uL of Zymo Research DNA/RNA Shield at 4C until nucleic acid extraction. DNA and RNA were extracted from the same swab to generate metagenomic and metatranscriptomic profiles.", "release_date": "2024-05-14", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-573/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [ "Swab" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing", "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "Metagenomic sequencing", "metatranscriptome sequencing assay" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Time", "Sample Location", "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "time", "Sample Location", "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX Inspiration4" ], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Braden Christopher Eliah T E G. Tierney Mason Overbey" ], "publication_title": "Longitudinal multi-omics analysis of host microbiome architecture and immune responses during short-term spaceflight The Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) and international astronaut biobank Collection of biospecimens from the inspiration4 mission establishes the standards for the space omics and medical atlas (SOMA)" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-574", "osd_num": 574, "identifiers": "GLDS-566", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-574", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/574", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/574" } }, "overview": { "title": "SpaceX Inspiration4 Deltoid Skin and Microbiome Data: Spatial Transcriptomics (NanoString GeoMx), Metageomics, and Metatranscriptomics", "description": "The SpaceX Inspiration4 mission was a 3-day mission with four private astronauts to low Earth orbit that occurred in September 2021. The crew collected biospecimen samples before, during, and after flight. One of these biospecimen collections included deltoid skin biopsies, collected once pre-flight (L-44) and within 1 day postflight (R+1). Biopsies were 3mm - 4mm in diameter and were frozen at -80C at the time of collection. Samples were then embedded in OCT and prepared for spatially resolved transcriptomics using the NanoString GeoMx Whole Transcriptome Atlas Panel. Skin was profiled in four regions: outer epidermis (OE), inner epidermis (IE), outer dermis (OD), and vasculature (VA) regions. Four crew members were profiled pre-fight (C001, C002, C003, C004) and three crew members were profiled post-flight (C002, C003, C004). Additionally, skin swabs of the deltoid region were collected before each biopsy. Skin swabs were first dipped in nuclease-free water before swabbing each region for 30 seconds. Swabs were stored in 400uL of Zymo Research DNA/RNA Shield at 4C until nucleic acid extraction. DNA and RNA were extracted from the same swab to generate metagenomic and metatranscriptomic profiles.", "release_date": "2024-05-14", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-574/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota", "Homo sapiens", "Not Applicable" ], "material_types": [ "Swab", "Skin Biopsy", "Not Applicable" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing", "spatial transcriptomics", "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "Metagenomic sequencing", "transcription profiling", "metatranscriptome sequencing assay" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Time" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX Inspiration4" ], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Braden Christopher Eliah Jiwoon T E G. Tierney Mason Overbey Park" ], "publication_title": "The Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) and international astronaut biobank Collection of biospecimens from the inspiration4 mission establishes the standards for the space omics and medical atlas (SOMA) Spatial multi-omics of human skin reveals KRAS and inflammatory responses to spaceflight" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-576", "osd_num": 576, "identifiers": "GLDS-570", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-576", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/576", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/576" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional profiling of tibialis anterior muscle from mice flown on the RR-23 mission", "description": "The objective of the Rodent Research-23 mission (RR-23) was to better understand the effects of spaceflight on the eyes, specifically on the structure and function of the arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels that are needed to maintain vision. To this end, twenty male, C57BL/6J, 16-17 weeks-old mice were delivered to the International Space Station (ISS) on SpaceX-21 in a single transporter, transferred to two rodent habitats, and maintained in microgravity for 38 days. Flight mice were then returned to Earth alive (January 13th, 2021). After splashdown in the Atlantic Ocean, mice were transported to Kennedy Space Center via helicopter. The 20 Flight, 20 Habitat Ground Control (HGC), and 20 Vivarium Ground Control (VGC) mice were removed from Rodent Transporters (Flight and HGC) or vivarium cages (VGC), placed into shipping containers, and flown to Texas A and M University. There, mice underwent post-flight procedures, before euthanasia and tissue collection. Flight, HGC and VGC animals were euthanized and dissected on Jan 14th, 17th or 20th of 2021, respectively. Right tibialis anterior muscle samples were preserved by immersion in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80C until RNA was extracted, and libraries generated and sequenced (target 60 M clusters per sample, PE 150 bp). This dataset features 9 samples from the Flight group, 9 samples from the HGC group, and 9 samples from the VGC group.", "release_date": "2023-01-20", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-576/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Right tibialis anterior" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-21" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Lauren David Samrawit Valery Marie Yi-Chun San-Huei Kristen Amanda Jonathan Sylvain M G Sanders Zawieja Gebre Boyko Dinh Chen Lai Polo Peach Saravia-Butler Oribello Costes" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-577", "osd_num": 577, "identifiers": "GLDS-571", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-577", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/577", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/577" } }, "overview": { "title": "3D Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) irradiated with GCR simulated irradiation with miRNA based countermeasures", "description": "From our previous work we have shown a key miRNA signature that is associated with spaceflight can be used as a biomarker and countermeasure to mitigate the damage caused by space radiation. Here, we have further expanded on this work to determine key biological factors that are being rescued by the countermeasure treatment. We performed RNA-sequencing and transcriptomic analysis on our established 3D microvessel cell cultures (i.e. 3D Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs)) exposed to simulated deep space radiation (0.5 Gy of Galactic Cosmic Radiation) with and without the antagonists to three microRNAs (i.e. antagomirs). In addition we have an additional set of samples studying the impact a specific miRNA, miR-2392, which was overexpressed in the 3D tissues. miR-2392 is known to be involved in different diseases and we were studying the impact of miR-2392 overexpression in the 3D microvessel tissues.", "release_date": "2023-01-19", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-577/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells", "Cultured" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Treatment", "Tissue Model" ], "types": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "treatment", "tissue model" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Afshin Peter Beheshti Grabham" ], "publication_title": "So Long, and Thanks for All the Antagomirs: Space Radiation Damage Rescued by Inhibition of Key Spaceflight Associated miRNAs" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-580", "osd_num": 580, "identifiers": "GLDS-573", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-580", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/580", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/580" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional profiling of heart tissue from mice flown on the RRRM-2 mission", "description": "In the Rodent Research Reference Mission (RRRM-2), forty female C57BL/6NTac mice were flown on the International Space Station. To assess differences in outcomes due to age, twenty 12 week-old and twenty 29 week-old mice were flown, respectively. To directly assess spaceflight effects, half of the young and old mice (10 old, 10 young) were sacrificed on-orbit after 55-58 days (ISS Terminal, ISS-T), while the other half (10 old, 10 young) were returned live to Earth after 32 days and allowed to recover for 24 days (Live Animal Return, LAR) before sacrifice. ISS-T and LAR mice were the same age at sacrifice. Both the ISS-T and LAR animals had independent ground controls (GC; 10 mice per group housed in flight hardware in matched environmental conditions), basal controls (BSL; 10 mice per group sacrificed 2 days before launch), and vivarium controls (VIV; 10 mice per group housed within standard vivarium habitats). Thus RRRM-2 included a total of 160 mice. This study includes bulk RNA sequencing ribodepleted gene expression data from hearts from 5 old and 5 young animals from each of the following groups: LAR basal, LAR ground control, LAR vivarium control, LAR flight, ISS-T basal, ISS-T ground control, and ISS-T flight. The ISS-T vivarium control young group has only 3 animals due to quality control issues.", "release_date": "2023-02-27", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-580/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Heart", "heart right ventricle" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Age", "Euthanasia Location" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "age", "Euthanasia Location" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-18" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jonathan Lauren Sylvain Egle Cassie Samrawit Marie Valery Yi-Chun San-Huei Kristen Amanda Jonathan Bagher Galazka Sanders Costes Cekanaviciute Juran Gebre Dinh Boyko Chen Lai Polo Peach Saravia-Butler Oribello Pooneh" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-581", "osd_num": 581, "identifiers": "GLDS-574", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-581", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/581", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/581" } }, "overview": { "title": "A molecular study of Italian ryegrass grown on Martian regolith simulant", "description": "In the last decade, the exploration of deep space has become the objective of the national space programs of many countries. The International Space Exploration Coordination Group has set a roadmap whose long-range strategy envisions the expansion of human presence in the solar system to progress with exploration and knowledge and to accelerate innovation. Crewed missions to Mars could be envisaged by 2040. In this scenario, finding ways to use the local resources for the provision of food, construction materials, propellants, pharmaceuticals is needed. Plants are important resources for deep space manned missions because they produce phytochemicals of pharmaceutical relevance, are sources of food and provide oxygen which is crucial in bioregenerative life support systems. Growth analysis and plant biomass yield have been previously evaluated on Martian regolith simulants; however, molecular approaches employing gene expression analysis and proteomics are still missing. The present work aims at filling this gap by providing molecular data on a representative member of the Poaceae, Lolium multiflorum Lam., grown on potting soil and a Martian regolith simulant (MMS-1). The molecular data were complemented with optical microscopy of root/leaf tissues and physico-chemical analyses. The results show that the plants grew for 2 weeks on regolith simulants. The leaves were bent downwards and chlorotic, the roots developed a lacunar aerenchyma and small brownish deposits containing Fe were observed. Gene expression analysis and proteomics revealed changes in transcripts related to the phenylpropanoid pathway, stress response, primary metabolism and proteins involved in translation and DNA methylation. Additionally, the growth of plants slightly but significantly modified the pH of the regolith simulants. The results here presented constitute a useful resource to get a comprehensive understanding of the major factors impacting the growth of plants on MMS-1.", "release_date": "2022-11-07", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-581/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Lolium multiflorum" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein expression profiling" ], "platforms": [ "TripleTOF 6600" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "soil environment exposure", "Organism Part" ], "types": [ "soil environment exposure", "Organism Part" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Roberto Céline Philippe Jean-Francois Jenny Gea C Berni Leclercq Roux Hausman Renaut Guerriero" ], "publication_title": "A molecular study of Italian ryegrass grown on Martian regolith simulant" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-582", "osd_num": 582, "identifiers": "GLDS-575", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-582", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/582", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/582" } }, "overview": { "title": "Resequencing of select microbial isolates from the International Space Station with the Nanopore MinION", "description": "Microbial isolates from the NASA Space Biology-funded microbial tracking experiments were re-sequenced using the Oxford Nanopore MinION.", "release_date": "2023-02-27", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-582/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Staphylococcus saprophyticus", "Pseudomonas fulva" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "nucleotide sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "genome sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Oxford Nanopore Technologies" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jared Broddrick" ], "publication_title": "Microbial adaptation to spaceflight is correlated with bacteriophage-encoded functions" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-588", "osd_num": 588, "identifiers": "GLDS-583", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-588", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/588", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/588" } }, "overview": { "title": "Drosophila parasitoids go to space: Unexpected effects of spaceflight on hosts and their parasitoids - Drosophila data", "description": "In this study, fruit flies and their parasitic wasps were sent to the ISS to examine changes in host immunity and parasite virulence. Key findings from this work are as follows: (a) Spaceflight spiked the expression of inflammation genes in fruit flies; (b) Spaceflight enhanced tumor growth in flies already suffering from chronic inflammation; (c) Spaceflight did not significantly affect parasitic wasp development, emergence, or the expression of virulence genes; (d) Parasite mutants with visible wing color and shape alterations were obtained. This study contains Drosophila melanogaster data. The Leptopilina heterotoma14 data is deposited in OSD-609, https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-609, and the Leptopilina boulardi17 data is deposited in OSD-610, https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-610.", "release_date": "2024-01-02", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-588/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Drosophila melanogaster" ], "material_types": [ "Whole Organism" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Genotype", "Developmental Stage", "Infection" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Genotype", "developmental stage", "infection" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-14" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Amanda Shubha M. Saravia-Butler Govind" ], "publication_title": "Drosophila parasitoids go to space: Unexpected effects of spaceflight on hosts and their parasitoids" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-590", "osd_num": 590, "identifiers": "GLDS-577", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-590", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/590", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/590" } }, "overview": { "title": "First transcriptome profiling of D. melanogaster after development in a deep underground low radiation background laboratory", "description": "Natural background radiation is a permanent multicomponent factor. It has an influence on biological organisms, but effects of its deprivation still remain unclear. The aim of our work was to study for the first time responses of D. melanogaster to conditions of the Deep Underground Low-Background Laboratory DULB-4900 (BNO, INR, RAS, Russia) at the transcriptome level by RNA-seq profiling. Overall 77 transcripts demonstrated differential abundance between flies exposed to low and natural background radiation. Enriched biological process functional categories were established for all genes with differential expression. The results showed down-regulation of primary metabolic processes and up-regulation of both the immune system process and the response to stimuli. The comparative analysis of our data and publicly available transcriptome data on D. melanogaster exposed to low and high doses of ionizing radiation did not reveal common DEGs in them. We hypothesize that the observed changes in gene expression can be explained by the influence of the underground conditions in DULB-4900, in particular, by the lack of stimuli. Thus, our study challenges the validity of the LNT model for the region of background radiation doses below a certain level (~16.4 nGy h-1) and the presence of a dose threshold for D. melanogaster.", "release_date": "2024-03-07", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-590/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Drosophila melanogaster" ], "material_types": [ "Whole Organism" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "ionizing radiation device or source" ], "types": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "ionizing radiation categorized by source" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Mikhail Albert Yuri Vladimir Elena Zarubin Gangapshev Gavriljuk Kazalov Kravchenko" ], "publication_title": "First transcriptome profiling of D. melanogaster after development in a deep underground low radiation background laboratory." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-594", "osd_num": 594, "identifiers": "LSDS-32 GLDS-582", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-594", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/594", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/594" } }, "overview": { "title": "Advancing the automation of plant nucleic acid extraction for rapid diagnosis of plant diseases in space", "description": "Human space exploration missions will continue the development of sustainable plant cultivation in what are obviously novel habitat settings. Effective pathology mitigation strategies are needed to cope with plant disease outbreaks in any space-based plant growth system. However, few technologies currently exist for space-based diagnosis of plant pathogens. Therefore, we developed a method of extracting plant nucleic acid that will facilitate the rapid diagnosis of plant diseases for future spaceflight applications. The microHomogenizer from Claremont BioSolutions, originally designed for bacterial and animal tissue samples, was evaluated for plant–microbial nucleic acid extractions. The microHomogenizer is an appealing device in that it provides automation and containment capabilities that would be required in spaceflight applications. Two different plant pathosystems were used to assess the versatility of the extraction process. Tomato and lettuce plants were respectively inoculated with a fungal plant pathogen, an oomycete pathogen, and a plant viral pathogen. The microHomogenizer, along with the developed protocols, proved to be an effective mechanism for producing DNA from two pathosystems, in that PCR and sequencing of the resulting samples demonstrated clear DNA-based diagnoses. Thus, this investigation advances the efforts to automate nucleic acid extraction for future plant disease diagnosis in space.", "release_date": "2023-08-14", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-594/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [ "stem", "Cells", "Plant Roots", "root", "leaf" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "Metagenomic sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Oxford Nanopore Technologies" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Organism Part", "Treatment" ], "types": [ "Organism Part", "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Natasha Andrew Pei-Ling Mark Robert Anna-Lisa Robert C J Haveman Schuerger Yu Brown Doebler Paul Ferl" ], "publication_title": "Advancing the automation of plant nucleic acid extraction for rapid diagnosis of plant diseases in space" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-598", "osd_num": 598, "identifiers": "GLDS-816", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-598", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/598", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/598" } }, "overview": { "title": "Simulated Microgravity-Induced Changes in SUMOylation and Protein Expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae", "description": "Microgravity during space travel induces significant regulatory changes in the body, pos-ing health risks for astronauts, including alterations in cell morphology and cytoskeletal integrity. The Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) is crucial for cellular adaptation, regulating DNA repair, cytoskeletal dynamics, cell division, and protein turnover—all processes affected by microgravity. To determine the extent to which SUMO mediates the cellular response to microgravity stress, Saccharomyces cerevisiaecells were cultured under normal gravity and simulated microgravity (SMG) in rotating wall vessels. After 12 h of culture, we investigated changes in SUMO modified proteins and protein expression. We identified 347 SUMOylated proteins, 18 of which demonstrated a 50% change in abundance under SMG. Of 3773 proteins identified, protein expression for 34 proteins decreased and 8 increased by over 50% in SMG (p less than 0.05). Differentially expressed proteins represented changes in cellular processes for DNA repair, cell division, histone modification, and cytoskeleton regulation. These findings underscore the pivotal role of SUMOylation in orchestrating cellular adaptation to the unique stress of microgravity, revealing potential targets for mitigating spaceflight-induced health risks.", "release_date": "2026-10-21", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-598/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Saccharomyces cerevisiae" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein expression profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Orbitrap Fusion", "Orbitrap Fusion(Thermo Scientific)" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Microgravity Simulation", "Label" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation", "label" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Jeremy Steven D Sabo Hartson" ], "publication_title": "Simulated Microgravity-Induced Changes in SUMOylation and Protein Expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-599", "osd_num": 599, "identifiers": "GLDS-596", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-599", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/599", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/599" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptomic Effects on the Mouse Heart Following 30 Days on the International Space Station", "description": "Efforts to understand the impact of spaceflight on the human body stem from growing interest in long-term space travel. Multiple organ systems are affected by microgravity and radiation, including the cardiovascular system. Previous transcriptomic studies have sought to reveal the changes in gene expression after spaceflight. However, little is known about the impact of long-term spaceflight on the mouse heart in vivo. This study focuses on the transcriptomic changes in the hearts of female C57BL/6J mice flown on the International Space Station (ISS) for 30 days. RNA was isolated from the hearts of three flight and three comparable ground control mice and RNA sequencing was performed. Our analyses showed that 1147 transcripts were significantly regulated after spaceflight. The MAPK, PI3K-Akt, and GPCR signaling pathways were predicted to be activated. Transcripts related to cytoskeleton breakdown and organization were upregulated, but no significant change in the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components or oxidative stress pathway-associated transcripts occurred. Our results indicate an absence of cellular senescence, and a significant upregulation of transcripts associated with the cell cycle. Transcripts related to cellular maintenance and survival were most affected by spaceflight, suggesting that cardiovascular transcriptome initiates an adaptive response to long-term spaceflight.", "release_date": "2024-02-22", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-599/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Heart" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "NG-11" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Alicia L Lana Lorelei Richard Bailey Andrea Jillian Michael J Mary Veliz Mamoun Hughes Vega Holmes Monteon Bray Pecaut Kearns-Jonker" ], "publication_title": "Transcriptomic Effects on the Mouse Heart Following 30 Days on the International Space Station." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-609", "osd_num": 609, "identifiers": "GLDS-586", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-609", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/609", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/609" } }, "overview": { "title": "Drosophila parasitoids go to space: Unexpected and differential effects of spaceflight on hosts and their parasitoids - Wasp Leptopilina heterotoma 14 data", "description": "In this study, fruit flies and their parasitic wasps were sent to the ISS to examine changes in host immunity and parasite virulence. Key findings from this work are as follows: (a) Spaceflight spiked the expression of inflammation genes in fruit flies; (b) Spaceflight enhanced tumor growth in flies already suffering from chronic inflammation; (c) Spaceflight did not significantly affect parasitic wasp development, emergence, or the expression of virulence genes; (d) Parasite mutants with visible wing color and shape alterations were obtained. This study contains Leptopilina heterotoma14 data. The drosophila data is deposited in OSD-588, https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-588, and the Leptopilina boulardi17 data is deposited in OSD-610, https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-610.", "release_date": "2024-01-02", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-609/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Leptopilina heterotoma" ], "material_types": [ "Whole Organism" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-14" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Shubha Amanda Govind Saravia-Butler" ], "publication_title": "Drosophila parasitoids go to space: Unexpected effects of spaceflight on hosts and their parasitoids" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-610", "osd_num": 610, "identifiers": "GLDS-587", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-610", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/610", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/610" } }, "overview": { "title": "Drosophila parasitoids go to space: Unexpected and differential effects of spaceflight on hosts and their parasitoids - Wasp Leptopilina boulardi 17 data", "description": "In this study, fruit flies and their parasitic wasps were sent to the ISS to examine changes in host immunity and parasite virulence. Key findings from this work are as follows: (a) Spaceflight spiked the expression of inflammation genes in fruit flies; (b) Spaceflight enhanced tumor growth in flies already suffering from chronic inflammation; (c) Spaceflight did not significantly affect parasitic wasp development, emergence, or the expression of virulence genes; (d) Parasite mutants with visible wing color and shape alterations were obtained. This study contains Leptopilina boulardi 17 data. The drosophila data is deposited in OSD-588, https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-588, and the Leptopilina heterotoma 14 data is deposited in OSD-609, https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-609.", "release_date": "2024-01-02", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-610/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Leptopilina boulardi" ], "material_types": [ "Whole Organism" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-14" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Shubha Amanda Govind Saravia-Butler" ], "publication_title": "Drosophila parasitoids go to space: Unexpected effects of spaceflight on hosts and their parasitoids" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-611", "osd_num": 611, "identifiers": "GLDS-592", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-611", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/611", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/611" } }, "overview": { "title": "Postsynaptic density radiation signature following space irradiation", "description": "The response of the brain to space radiation is an important concern for astronauts during space missions. We assessed the response of the brain to 28Si ion irradiation (600 MeV/n), a heavy ion present in the space environment, on cognitive performance and whether the response is associated with altered DNA methylation in the hippocampus, a brain area important for cognitive performance. At 0.3 Gy, but not at 0.6 Gy or 0.9 Gy, 28Si ion irradiation impaired cognition that correlated with altered gene expression and 5hmC profiles that mapped to specific gene ontology pathways. Comparing hippocampal DNA hydroxymethylation following proton, 56Fe ion, and 28Si ion irradiation revealed a general space radiation synaptic signature with 45 genes that are associated with profound phenotypes. The most significant categories were glutamatergic synapse and postsynaptic density. Thus, the brain’s response to space irradiation involves novel excitatory synapse and postsynaptic remodeling.", "release_date": "2025-01-16", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-611/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Hippocampus" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)", "DIP-seq" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling", "DNA methylation profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Absorbed Radiation Dose" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "absorbed radiation dose" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Soren Carl Lara-Kirstie Amanuel Fatema Damian Tessa Blair Susanna Mitchell Jacob G. S. Impey Pelz Riparip Tafessu Fareh Zuloaga Marzulla Stewart Rosi Turker Raber" ], "publication_title": "Postsynaptic density radiation signature following space irradiation." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-612", "osd_num": 612, "identifiers": "GLDS-588 LSDS-45", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-612", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/612", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/612" } }, "overview": { "title": "Bulk RNA sequencing and single nuclei transcriptomics and epigenomics of brain tissue from mice flown on the RR-10 mission", "description": "The objective of the Rodent Research-10 mission (RR-10) was to investigate how spaceflight affects the cellular and molecular mechanisms of normal bone tissue regeneration in space. To this end, ten (10) 14-15 weeks-old female B6129SF2/J Wild Type (WT), and ten (10) 14-15 weeks-old female B6;129S2-Cdkn1atm1Tyj/J (p21-null) mice received a pre-flight subcutaneous injection of the bone marker (Alizarin Red), and were then delivered to the ISS aboard SpaceX-21. At 7 days before euthanasia, all 20 mice received an intraperitoneal (IP) injection with a bone formation marker (Calcein). At 48 +/- 2 hours before euthanasia, all 20 mice received an IP injection with a second dose of Calcein as well as a cell proliferation marker (BrdU). Then, following 28-29 days in microgravity, the Flight mice were euthanized. Following removal of hindlimbs, carcasses were wrapped in aluminum foil, preserved in the CryoChiller, and stored at -80 C or colder until return to Earth. In addition to the Flight group, three ground control groups were also part of the study: Basal (representing the pre-launch state), Vivarium (standard vivarium housing for the same duration of time as flight), and Ground (flight habitat in the International Space Station Environment Simulator, ISSES). Twenty mice (10 of each strain) were included in each of these control groups (except Vivarium which included 12 of each strain). These were treated, euthanized and processed on the same schedule and in the same manner as the flight samples. This study includes bulk RNA sequencing data from left cerebral hemispheres from 4 WT flight animals and 5 WT ground control animals, and single nuclei transcriptomics and epigenomics data from left cerebral hemispheres from 5 WT flight animals, and 5 WT ground control animals.", "release_date": "2023-08-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-612/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Left cerebral hemisphere" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "single-cell RNA sequencing", "single-cell ATAC-seq", "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling", "Chromatin Accessibility" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-21" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Lauren Eduardo Sylvain Samrawit Yi-Chun Valery San-Huei Kristen Amanda Jonathan Sanders Almeida Costes Gebre Chen Boyko Lai Polo Peach Saravia-Butler Oribello" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-613", "osd_num": 613, "identifiers": "GLDS-589", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-613", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/613", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/613" } }, "overview": { "title": "Bulk RNA sequencing and single nuclei transcriptomics and epigenomics of brain tissue from mice flown on the RRRM-2 mission", "description": "In the Rodent Research Reference Mission (RRRM-2), forty female C57BL/6NTac mice were flown on the International Space Station. To assess differences in outcomes due to age, twenty 12 week-old and twenty 29 week-old mice were flown, respectively. To directly assess spaceflight effects, half of the young and old mice (10 old, 10 young) were sacrificed on-orbit after 55-58 days (ISS Terminal, ISS-T), while the other half (10 old, 10 young) were returned live to Earth after 32 days and allowed to recover for 24 days (Live Animal Return, LAR) before sacrifice. ISS-T and LAR mice were the same age at sacrifice. Both the ISS-T and LAR animals had independent ground controls (10 mice per group housed in flight hardware in matched environmental conditions), basal controls (10 mice per group sacrificed 2 days before launch), and vivarium controls (10 mice per group housed within standard vivarium habitats). Thus RRRM-2 included a total of 160 mice. This study includes bulk RNA sequencing and single nuclei transcriptomics and epigenomics from left cerebral hemispheres from 4 young ISS-T spaceflight animals, 5 old ISS-T spaceflight animals, 5 young ISS-T ground control animals, and 4 young ISS-T ground control animals.", "release_date": "2023-08-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-613/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Left cerebral hemisphere" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "single-cell RNA sequencing", "single-cell ATAC-seq", "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling", "Chromatin Accessibility" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Age" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "age" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-18" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Lauren Cassie Egle Louis Michael Sylvain Samrawit Yi-Chun Valery San-Huei Kristen Amanda Jonathan Sanders Juran Cekanaviciute Stodieck Roberts Costes Gebre Chen Boyko Lai Polo Peach Saravia-Butler Oribello" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-615", "osd_num": 615, "identifiers": "LSDS-58 GLDS-598", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-615", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/615", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/615" } }, "overview": { "title": "Glycome profiling and immunohistochemistry uncover changes in cell walls of Arabidopsis thaliana roots during spaceflight: Advanced Plant EXperiment (APEX) 03-1 Raw Dataset", "description": "This study was conducted to uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms by which microgravity impacts cell wall architecture in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana using the Vegetable Production System (Veggie) housed on the International Space Station (ISS). Based on our previous space flight studies using the Biological Research in Canisters (BRIC) hardware on the STS-131 Space Shuttle mission, we found that plants respond to microgravity in large part through the transcriptional reprogramming of genes that control cell wall remodeling. This follow-up spaceflight experiment called the Advanced Plant EXperiments (APEX 03-1) in Space was designed to use Veggie unit on the ISS and on the ground unit on the Space Station Processing Facility (SSPF) to probe deeper into spaceflight-induced cell wall associated transcript expression changes. In this study we used RNA-Seq in combination with glycome profiling (glycomics) to correlate spaceflight-induced gene expression changes with actual cell wall modifications within seedlings.", "release_date": "2024-07-16", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-615/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "ELISA" ], "measurement_types": [ "Glycomic Profile" ], "platforms": [ "Thermo Fisher Scientific" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Growth Time" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Growth Time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-5" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station", "NASA Biological and Physical Sciences Program" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Elison Taegun Nick Sabrina Blancaflor Kwon Krom Chin" ], "publication_title": "Glycome profiling and immunohistochemistry uncover changes in cell walls of Arabidopsis thaliana roots during spaceflight" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-622", "osd_num": 622, "identifiers": "GLDS-594", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-622", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/622", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/622" } }, "overview": { "title": "Microgravity effects on leaf morphology, cell structure, carbon metabolism and mRNA expression of dwarf wheat", "description": "The PESTO experiment was launched on April 8, 2002 onboard STS-110 (Atlantis) and was returned on June 19, 2002 onboard STS-111 (Endeavor), a total of 73 days in space. The ground control was conducted on a 14-day delay, and was harvested on July 3, 2002. During this period there were a total of 7 harvests of PESTO wheat and priming of 6 wheat root modules on orbit. A total of 18 plants were fixed on orbit for morphological and structural analysis, 4 plants were fixed for RNA and molecular genetic analysis and greater than 150 plants were frozen for biochemical analysis. A total of 3018 images of wheat chambers were collected from the BPS cameras during flight, and 3,640 images were obtained from the ground controls. A total of 65 digital images of the wheat harvest were collected during flight, with 75 being collected from ground controls. In addition, crew members recorded approximately 50 images and over 3 hrs of video of flight operations. Over 2 gigabytes of environmental data were obtained from the flight and ground control units. A ground control experiment was conducted in the BPS ground control chamber in the Orbiter Environment Simulator (OES) at the Kennedy Space Center Launch Site Support Facility in Hangar L. The ground control was delayed by 14-days from the real- time flight operations in order to duplicate the flight operations as closely as possible in a 1 g environment. At launch, two chambers were dedicated to the PESTO study, which consisted of three growth cycles using Apogee wheat. The third chamber was dedicated to the TVT study for the first growth cycle and used Apogee wheat. For the subsequent two wheat growth cycles, the third chamber was used for the PESTO study. For the first growth cycle in all Plant Growth Chambers, seeds were germinated pre-launch. In PESTO, the ages of the plants were staggered at launch so that comparisons of physiological and biochemical properties between mature plants, which were well developed and photosynthetically competent, and young plants could be studied. In-flight, plants were harvested at a specific age, and the initiation of the next cycle of growth was staggered between the chambers", "release_date": "2023-12-12", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-622/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Triticum aestivum" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "GenePix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Age at sample harvest", "Gravity environment at imbibition", "duration" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Age at sample harvest", "Gravity environment at imbibition", "duration" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "STS-110" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "G. O. R. Anna-Lisa Robert C. W D L J G Stutte Monje Hatfield Paul Ferl Simone" ], "publication_title": "Microgravity effects on leaf morphology, cell structure, carbon metabolism and mRNA expression of dwarf wheat Plant molecular biology in the space station era: Utilization of KSC fixation tubes with RNAlater STS-110 to carry first Station plant experiment: PESTO payload developed by KSC Life Sciences Organ-specific remodeling of the Arabidopsis transcriptome in response to spaceflight." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-624", "osd_num": 624, "identifiers": "GLDS-611", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-624", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/624", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/624" } }, "overview": { "title": "Arabidopsis transcriptome in Virgin Galactic human-tended suborbital spaceflight", "description": "The Virgin Galactic Unity 22 mission conducted the first astronaut-manipulated suborbital spaceflight experiment. The experiment examined the operationalization of Kennedy Space Center Fixation Tubes (KFTs) as a generalizable approach to preserving biology at various phases of suborbital flight. The biology chosen for this experiment was Arabidopsis thaliana, ecotype Col-0, because of the plant’s history of spaceflight experimentation within KFTs and wealth of comparative data from orbital experiments. KFTs were deployed as a wearable device, a leg pouch attached to the astronaut, which proved to be operationally effective during the course of the flight. Data from the inflight samples indicated that the microgravity period of the flight elicited the strongest transcriptomic responses as measured by the number of genes showing differential expression. Genes related to reactive oxygen species and stress, as well as genes associated with orbital spaceflight, were highly represented among the suborbital gene expression profile. In addition, gene families largely unaffected in orbital spaceflight were diversely regulated in suborbital flight, including stress-responsive transcription factors. The human-tended suborbital experiment demonstrated the operational effectiveness of the KFTs in suborbital flight and suggests that rapid transcriptomic responses are a part of the temporal dynamics at the beginning of physiological adaptation to spaceflight.", "release_date": "2024-02-06", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-624/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Time", "Altered Gravity", "Organism Part" ], "types": [ "time", "Gravity", "Altered", "Organism Part" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "Unity 22" ], "flight_programs": [ "Virgin Galactic SpaceShipTwo" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Robert Mingqi Hunter Natasha Jordan Sirisha Daniel Anna-Lisa F J B Ferl Zhou Strickland Haveman Callaham Bandla Ambriz Paul" ], "publication_title": "Transcriptomic dynamics in the transition from ground to space are revealed by Virgin Galactic human-tended suborbital spaceflight." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-625", "osd_num": 625, "identifiers": "GLDS-648", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-625", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/625", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/625" } }, "overview": { "title": "Single-molecule long-read methylation profiling reveals regional DNA methylation regulated by Elongator Complex Subunit 2 in Arabidopsis roots experiencing spaceflight", "description": "The Advanced Plant Experiment-04 - Epigenetic Expression (APEX-04-EpEx) experiment onboard the International Space Station examined the spaceflight-altered cytosine methylation in two genetic lines of Arabidopsis thaliana, wild-type Col-0 and the mutant elp2-5, which is deficient in an epigenetic regulator Elongator Complex Subunit 2 (ELP2). Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) revealed distinct spaceflight associated methylation differences, presenting the need to explore specific space-altered methylation at single-molecule resolution to associate specific changes over large regions of spaceflight related genes. To date, tools of multiplexed targeted DNA methylation sequencing remain limited for plant genomes. This data set includes single-molecule profiling in user-defined targets using Flap-Enabled Next-Generation Capture (FENGC) on Arabidopsis root tissues to reveal precise modification of DNA methylation regulated by Elongator Complex Subunit 2 during spaceflight.", "release_date": "2024-06-06", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-625/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "CCS long read DNA Enzymatic Methyl Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "Targeted DNA Methylation Profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Pacific Biosciences" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Genotype" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Genotype" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-10" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Mingqi Alberto Marie-Pierre Michael Anna-Lisa Robert L. Zhou Riva Gauthier Kladde Paul Ferl" ], "publication_title": "Single-molecule long-read methylation profiling reveals regional DNA methylation regulated by Elongator Complex Subunit 2 in Arabidopsis roots experiencing spaceflight" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-630", "osd_num": 630, "identifiers": "GLDS-599", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-630", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/630", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/630" } }, "overview": { "title": "SpaceX Inspiration4 Stool Metagenome Profiling", "description": "The SpaceX Inspiration4 mission was a 3-day mission with four private astronauts to low Earth orbit that occurred in September 2021. The crew collected biospecimen samples before, during, and after flight. One of these biospecimen collections included stool collected in OMNIgene•GUT tubes (DNA Genotek, OMR-200). Samples were collected pre-flight (L-92, L-44) and post-flight (R+45, R+82). This study hosts stool data. Additional skin, oral and nasal metagenome data is deposited in OSD-572. Dragon capsule data metagenome is deposited in OSD-573. Skin biopsy-site metagenome data is deposited in OSD-574.", "release_date": "2024-05-14", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-630/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [ "Stool Sample" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "Metagenomic sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Time" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX Inspiration4" ], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Braden Christopher Eliah T E G. Tierney Mason Overbey" ], "publication_title": "The Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) and international astronaut biobank Collection of biospecimens from the inspiration4 mission establishes the standards for the space omics and medical atlas (SOMA) Longitudinal multi-omics analysis of host microbiome architecture and immune responses during short-term spaceflight" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-635", "osd_num": 635, "identifiers": "GLDS-608", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-635", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/635", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/635" } }, "overview": { "title": "Spaceflight effects on human vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype and function", "description": "The cardiovascular system is strongly impacted by the hazards of spaceflight. Astronauts spending steadily increasing lengths of time in microgravity are subject to cardiovascular deconditioning resulting in loss of vascular tone, reduced total blood volume, and diminished cardiac output. Appreciating the mechanisms by which the cells of the vasculature are altered during spaceflight will be integral to understanding and combating these deleterious effects as the human presence in space advances. In this study, we performed RNA-Seq analysis coupled with review by QIAGEN Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software on human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) cultured for 3 days in microgravity and aboard the International Space Station to assess the transcriptomic changes that occur during spaceflight. The results of our RNA-Seq analysis show that SMCs undergo a wide range of transcriptional alteration while in space, significantly affecting 4,422 genes. SMCs largely down-regulate markers of the contractile, synthetic, and osteogenic phenotypes including smooth muscle alpha actin (αSMA), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs). Additionally, components of several cellular signaling pathways were strongly impacted including the STAT3, NFκB, PI3K/AKT, HIF1α, and Endothelin pathways. This study highlights the significant changes in transcriptional behavior SMCs exhibit during spaceflight and puts these changes in context to better understand vascular function in space.", "release_date": "2024-04-03", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-635/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-17" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Josephine Allen" ], "publication_title": "Spaceflight effects on human vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype and function." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-658", "osd_num": 658, "identifiers": "GLDS-603", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-658", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/658", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/658" } }, "overview": { "title": "Simulated Galactic Cosmic Ray Exposure Activates Dose-Dependent DNA Repair Response and Downregulates Glucosinolate Pathway in Arabidopsis Seedlings", "description": "This study's objective was to develop an understanding of the biological effects of space radiation on plants with the goal of producing fresh food during long duration space missions to support astronauts' nutritional and psychological needs.10-day-old Arabidopsis seedlings were exposed to simulated Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) and assessed for transcriptomic changes. The simulated GCR irradiation was carried out in the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) at Brookhaven National Lab (BNL). The exposures were conducted acutely for two dose points at 40 cGy or 80 cGy, with sequential delivery of proton, helium, oxygen, silicon, and iron ions. Control and irradiated seedlings were then harvested and stabilized in RNAlater at 3 hrs. post irradiation. Total RNA was isolated for transcriptomic analyses using RNAseq. The data revealed that the transcriptomic responses were dose-dependent, with significant upregulation of DNA repair pathways and downregulation of glucosinolate biosynthetic pathways. Glucosinolates are important for plant pathogen defense and for the taste of a plant, which are both relevant to growing plants for spaceflight. These findings fill in knowledge gaps of how plants respond to radiation in beyond-Earth environments.", "release_date": "2023-12-12", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-658/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [ "Whole Organism" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Absorbed Radiation Dose" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "absorbed radiation dose" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Anirudha Ye Dixit Zhang" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-665", "osd_num": 665, "identifiers": "GLDS-604", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-665", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/665", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/665" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional profiling of right extensor digitorum longus muscle from mice flown on the RR-23 mission", "description": "The objective of the Rodent Research-23 mission (RR-23) was to better understand the effects of spaceflight on the eyes, specifically on the structure and function of the arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels that are needed to maintain vision. To this end, twenty male, C57BL/6J, 16-17 weeks-old mice were delivered to the International Space Station (ISS) on SpaceX-21 in a single transporter, transferred to two rodent habitats, and maintained in microgravity for 38 days. Flight mice were then returned to Earth alive (January 13th, 2021). After splashdown in the Atlantic Ocean, mice were transported to Kennedy Space Center via helicopter. The 20 Flight, 20 Habitat Ground Control (HGC), and 20 Vivarium Ground Control (VGC) mice were removed from Rodent Transporters (Flight and HGC) or vivarium cages (VGC), placed into shipping containers, and flown to Texas A and M University. There, mice underwent post-flight procedures, before euthanasia and tissue collection. Flight, HGC and VGC animals were euthanized and dissected on Jan 14th, 17th or 20th of 2021, respectively. Right extensor digitorum longus muscle samples were preserved by immersion in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80C until RNA was extracted, and libraries generated and sequenced (target 60 M clusters per sample, PE 150 bp). This dataset features 9 samples from the Flight group, 9 samples from the Habitat Ground Control group, and 9 samples from the Vivarium Ground Control group.", "release_date": "2023-10-18", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-665/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Right extensor digitorum longus" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-21" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Lauren David Sylvain Samrawit Marie Valery Maha Yi-Chun San-Huei Kristen Amanda Alec Alexis Jihan Barbara M Sanders Zawieja Costes Gebre Dinh Boyko Ulhaq Chen Lai Polo Peach Saravia-Butler Vallota-Eastman Torres Yehia Novak" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-666", "osd_num": 666, "identifiers": "GLDS-605", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-666", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/666", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/666" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional profiling of right quadriceps femoris muscle from mice flown on the RR-23 mission", "description": "The objective of the Rodent Research-23 mission (RR-23) was to better understand the effects of spaceflight on the eyes, specifically on the structure and function of the arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels that are needed to maintain vision. To this end, twenty male, C57BL/6J, 16-17 weeks-old mice were delivered to the International Space Station (ISS) on SpaceX-21 in a single transporter, transferred to two rodent habitats, and maintained in microgravity for 38 days. Flight mice were then returned to Earth alive (January 13th, 2021). After splashdown in the Atlantic Ocean, mice were transported to Kennedy Space Center via helicopter. The 20 Flight, 20 Habitat Ground Control (HGC), and 20 Vivarium Ground Control (VGC) mice were removed from Rodent Transporters (Flight and HGC) or vivarium cages (VGC), placed into shipping containers, and flown to Texas A and M University. There, mice underwent post-flight procedures, before euthanasia and tissue collection. Flight, HGC and VGC animals were euthanized and dissected on Jan 14th, 17th or 20th of 2021, respectively. Right quadriceps femoris muscle samples were preserved by immersion in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80C until RNA was extracted, and libraries generated and sequenced (target 60 M clusters per sample, PE 150 bp). This dataset features 9 samples from the Flight group, 9 samples from the Habitat Ground Control group, and 9 samples from the Vivarium Ground Control group.", "release_date": "2023-10-18", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-666/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Right quadriceps femoris" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-21" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Lauren David Sylvain Samrawit Marie Valery Maha Yi-Chun San-Huei Kristen Amanda M Sanders Zawieja Costes Gebre Dinh Boyko Ulhaq Chen Lai Polo Peach Saravia-Butler" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-667", "osd_num": 667, "identifiers": "GLDS-606", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-667", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/667", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/667" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional profiling of colon from mice flown on the RR-10 mission", "description": "The objective of the Rodent Research-10 mission (RR-10) was to investigate how spaceflight affects the cellular and molecular mechanisms of normal bone tissue regeneration in space. To this end, ten (10) 14-15 weeks-old female B6129SF2/J Wild Type (WT), and ten (10) 14-15 weeks-old female B6;129S2-Cdkn1atm1Tyj/J (p21-null) mice received a pre-flight subcutaneous injection of the bone marker (Alizarin Red), and were then delivered to the ISS aboard SpaceX-21. At 7 days before euthanasia, all 20 mice received an intraperitoneal (IP) injection with a bone formation marker (Calcein). At 48 +/- 2 hours before euthanasia, all 20 mice received an IP injection with a second dose of Calcein as well as a cell proliferation marker (BrdU). Then, following 28-29 days in microgravity, the Flight mice were euthanized. Following removal of hindlimbs, carcasses were wrapped in aluminum foil, preserved in the CryoChiller, and stored at -80 C or colder until return to Earth. In addition to the Flight group, three ground control groups were also part of the study: Basal (representing the pre-launch state), Vivarium (standard vivarium housing for the same duration of time as flight), and Ground (flight habitat in the International Space Station Environment Simulator, ISSES). Twenty mice (10 of each strain) were included in each of these control groups (except Vivarium which included 12 of each strain). These were treated, euthanized and processed on the same schedule and in the same manner as the flight samples. This study includes bulk RNA sequencing ribodepleted gene expression data from 10 Basal animals (5 WT and 5 p21-null), 9 Flight animals (4 WT and 5 p21-null), 10 Ground animals (5 WT and 5 p21-null), and 10 Vivarium animals (5 WT and 5 p21-null).", "release_date": "2023-10-18", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-667/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Colon" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Genotype" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Genotype" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-21" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Lauren Eduardo Sylvain Samrawit Marie Valery Maha Yi-Chun San-Huei Kristen Amanda M Sanders Almeida Costes Gebre Dinh Boyko Ulhaq Chen Lai Polo Peach Saravia-Butler" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-678", "osd_num": 678, "identifiers": "GLDS-612", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-678", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/678", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/678" } }, "overview": { "title": "Light has a principal role in the Arabidopsis transcriptomic response to the spaceflight environment", "description": "The Characterizing Arabidopsis Root Attractions (CARA) spaceflight experiment provides comparative transcriptome analyses of plants grown in both light and dark conditions within the same spaceflight. CARA compared three genotypes of Arabidopsis grown in ambient light and in the dark on board the International Space Station (ISS); Col-0, Ws, and phyD, a phytochrome D mutant in the Col-0 background. In all genotypes, leaves responded to spaceflight with a higher number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) than root tips, and each genotype displayed distinct light / dark transcriptomic patterns that were unique to the spaceflight environment. The Col-0 leaves exhibited a substantial dichotomy, with ten-times as many spaceflight DEGs exhibited in light-grown plants versus dark-grown plants. Although the total number of DEGs in phyD leaves is not very different from Col-0, phyD altered the manner in which light-grown leaves respond to spaceflight, and many genes associated with the physiological adaptation of Col-0 to spaceflight were not represented. This result is in contrast to root tips, where a previous CARA study showed that phyD substantially reduced the number of DEGs. There were few DEGs, but a series of space-altered gene categories, common to genotypes and lighting conditions. This commonality indicates that key spaceflight genes are associated with signal transduction for light, defense, and oxidative stress responses. However, these key signaling pathways enriched from DEGs showed opposite regulatory direction in response to spaceflight under light and dark conditions, suggesting a complex interaction between light as a signal, and light-signaling genes in acclimation to spaceflight.", "release_date": "2023-12-20", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-678/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Ecotype", "Treatment", "Genotype" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "ecotype", "treatment", "Genotype" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-3" ], "flight_programs": [ "ISS National Laboratory" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Mingqi Anna-Lisa Robert J Zhou Paul Ferl" ], "publication_title": "Light has a principal role in the Arabidopsis transcriptomic response to the spaceflight environment." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-682", "osd_num": 682, "identifiers": "GLDS-613", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-682", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/682", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/682" } }, "overview": { "title": "Spaceflight-Induced Gene Expression Profiles in the Mouse Brain Are Attenuated by Treatment with the Antioxidant BuOE - Cornu Ammonis 1", "description": "The demands of deep space pose a health risk to the central nervous system that has long been a concern when sending humans to space. While little is known about how spaceflight affects transcription spatially in the brain, a greater understanding of this process has the potential to aid strategies that mitigate the effects of spaceflight on the brain. Therefore, we performed GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiling of mouse brains subjected to either spaceflight or grounded controls. Four brain regions were selected: Cortex, Frontal Cortex, Corunu Ammonis I, and Dentate Gyrus. Antioxidants have emerged as a potential means of attenuating the effects of spaceflight, so we treated a subset of the mice with a superoxide dismutase mimic, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP 5+ (BuOE). Our analysis revealed hundreds of differentially expressed genes due to spaceflight in each of the four brain regions. Both common and region-specific transcriptomic responses were observed. Metabolic pathways and pathways sensitive to oxidative stress were enriched in the four brain regions due to spaceflight. These findings enhance our understanding of brain regional variation in susceptibility to spaceflight conditions. BuOE reduced the transcriptomic effects of spaceflight at a large number of genes, suggesting that this compound may attenuate oxidative stress-induced brain damage caused by the spaceflight environment. This study contains data of cornu ammonis 1 region. The data of other brain regions are deposited in OSD-685 (dentate gyrus), OSD-698 (frontal cortex), and OSD-699 (cerebral cortex).", "release_date": "2024-03-04", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-682/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "CA1 field of hippocampus" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "spatial transcriptomics" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Nanostring GeoMx digital spatial profiling (DSP) platform" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Treatment", "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "treatment", "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-24" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Isaac Samir Seta Jacob Stephen Michael James Xiaowen Kremsky Ali Stanbouly Holley Justinen Pecaut Crapo Mao" ], "publication_title": "Spaceflight-Induced Gene Expression Profiles in the Mouse Brain Are Attenuated by Treatment with the Antioxidant BuOE." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-683", "osd_num": 683, "identifiers": "GLDS-614", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-683", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/683", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/683" } }, "overview": { "title": "Response of Staphylococcus aureus physiology and Agr quorum sensing to low shear modelled microgravity", "description": "Staphylococcus aureus is commonly isolated from astronauts returning from spaceflight missions. Previous analysis of BRIC-23 omics data generated from S. aureus low Earth orbit cultures indicated significantly increased expression of the Agr quorum sensing system and its downstream targets in spaceflight samples compared to ground controls. In this current study, the rotary cell culture system (RCCS) was used to investigate the effect of low shear modelled microgravity (LSMMG) on S. aureus physiology and Agr activity. When cultured in BRIC-23 medium and temperature conditions, S. aureus LSMMG cultures exhibited decreased agr expression and altered growth compared to normal gravity control cultures, which are typically oriented with gas permeable membrane on bottom of the high aspect rotating vessel (HARV). However, when grown in an inverted gravity control orientation (membrane on top of the HARV), reduced Agr activity was observed relative to both traditional control and LSMMG cultures, signifying that oxygen availability may affect the observed differences in agr expression. Metabolite assays revealed increased lactate and decreased acetate excretion in both LSMMG and inverted control cultures. Secretomics analysis of LSMMG, control, and inverted control HARV culture supernatants corroborated these results, with inverted and LSMMG cultures exhibiting decreased abundance of Agr-regulated virulence factors and increased abundance of low-oxygen metabolic proteins. Collectively, these studies suggest that orientation of the HARV gas permeable membrane can affect S. aureus physiology and Agr quorum sensing in the RCCS, a variable that should be considered when interpreting data using this ground-based microgravity model.", "release_date": "2024-07-09", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-683/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Staphylococcus aureus" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein expression profiling" ], "platforms": [ "UHPLC Orbitrap Fusion mass spectrometer (Thermo Scientific)" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Microgravity Simulation", "Growth Environment" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation", "growth environment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "Not applicable" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Kelly Rice" ], "publication_title": "Response of Staphylococcus aureus physiology and Agr quorum sensing to low-shear modeled microgravity" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-684", "osd_num": 684, "identifiers": "GLDS-615", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-684", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/684", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/684" } }, "overview": { "title": "Human skeletal muscle tissue chip autonomous payload reveals changes in fiber type and metabolic gene expression due to spaceflight", "description": "Microphysiological systems provide the opportunity to model accelerated changes at the human tissue level in the extreme space environment. Spaceflight-induced muscle atrophy experienced by astronauts shares similar physiological changes to muscle wasting in older adults, known as sarcopenia. These shared attributes provide a rationale for investigating molecular changes in muscle cells exposed to spaceflight that may mimic the underlying pathophysiology of sarcopenia. We report the results from three-dimensional myobundles derived from muscle biopsies from young and older adults, integrated into an autonomous CubeLab, and flown to the International Space Station (ISS) aboard SpaceX CRS-21 as part of the NIH/NASA funded Tissue Chips in Space program. Global transcriptomic RNA-Seq analyses comparing the myobundles in space and on the ground revealed downregulation of shared transcripts related to myoblast proliferation and muscle differentiation. The analyses also revealed downregulated differentially expressed gene pathways related to muscle metabolism unique to myobundles derived from the older cohort exposed to the space environment compared to ground controls. Gene classes related to inflammatory pathways were downregulated in flight samples cultured from the younger cohort compared to ground controls. Our muscle tissue chip platform provides an approach to studying the cell autonomous effects of spaceflight on muscle cell biology that may not be appreciated on the whole organ or organism level and sets the stage for continued data collection from muscle tissue chip experimentation in microgravity. We also report on the challenges and opportunities for conducting autonomous tissue-on-chip CubeLab payloads on the ISS.", "release_date": "2024-03-07", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-684/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Myoblasts" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Donor Age" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "age" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-21" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA; NIH" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Maddalena Shelby Tushar S Jorge A Meghan Legrand K Don Isabel Zachary A Paul Jason Gentry Christine E William T Twyman Paul M Siobhan Parafati Giza Shenoy Mojica-Santiago Hopf Malany Platt Moore Jacobs Kuehl Rexroat Barnett Schmidt McLamb Clements Coen Malany" ], "publication_title": "Human skeletal muscle tissue chip autonomous payload reveals changes in fiber type and metabolic gene expression due to spaceflight." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-685", "osd_num": 685, "identifiers": "GLDS-616", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-685", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/685", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/685" } }, "overview": { "title": "Spaceflight-Induced Gene Expression Profiles in the Mouse Brain Are Attenuated by Treatment with the Antioxidant BuOE - Dentate Gyrus", "description": "The demands of deep space pose a health risk to the central nervous system that has long been a concern when sending humans to space. While little is known about how spaceflight affects transcription spatially in the brain, a greater understanding of this process has the potential to aid strategies that mitigate the effects of spaceflight on the brain. Therefore, we performed GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiling of mouse brains subjected to either spaceflight or grounded controls. Four brain regions were selected: Cortex, Frontal Cortex, Corunu Ammonis I, and Dentate Gyrus. Antioxidants have emerged as a potential means of attenuating the effects of spaceflight, so we treated a subset of the mice with a superoxide dismutase mimic, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP 5+ (BuOE). Our analysis revealed hundreds of differentially expressed genes due to spaceflight in each of the four brain regions. Both common and region-specific transcriptomic responses were observed. Metabolic pathways and pathways sensitive to oxidative stress were enriched in the four brain regions due to spaceflight. These findings enhance our understanding of brain regional variation in susceptibility to spaceflight conditions. BuOE reduced the transcriptomic effects of spaceflight at a large number of genes, suggesting that this compound may attenuate oxidative stress-induced brain damage caused by the spaceflight environment. This study contains data of dentate gyrus region. The data of other brain regions are deposited in OSD-682 (cornu ammonis 1), OSD-698 (frontal cortex), and OSD-699 (cerebral cortex).", "release_date": "2024-03-04", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-685/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "spatial transcriptomics" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Nanostring GeoMx digital spatial profiling (DSP) platform" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Treatment", "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "treatment", "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-24" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Isaac Samir Seta Jacob Stephen Michael James Xiaowen Kremsky Ali Stanbouly Holley Justinen Pecaut Crapo Mao" ], "publication_title": "Spaceflight-Induced Gene Expression Profiles in the Mouse Brain Are Attenuated by Treatment with the Antioxidant BuOE." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-686", "osd_num": 686, "identifiers": "GLDS-617", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-686", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/686", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/686" } }, "overview": { "title": "Impact of spaceflight and artificial gravity on sulfur metabolism in mouse liver: sulfur metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis", "description": "Spaceflight induces hepatic damage, partially owing to oxidative stress caused by the space environment such as microgravity and space radiation. We examined the roles of anti-oxidative sulfur-containing compounds on hepatic damage after spaceflight. We analyzed the livers of mice on board the International Space Station for 30 days. During spaceflight, half of the mice were exposed to artificial earth gravity (1 g) using centrifugation cages. Sulfur-metabolomics of the livers of mice after spaceflight revealed a decrease in sulfur antioxidants (ergothioneine, glutathione, cysteine, taurine, thiamine, etc.) and their intermediates (cysteine sulfonic acid, hercynine, N-acethylserine, serine, etc.) compared to the controls on the ground. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing showed upregulation of gene sets related to oxidative stress and sulfur metabolism, and downregulation of gene sets related to glutathione reducibility in the livers of mice after spaceflight, compared to controls on the ground. These changes were partially mitigated by exposure to 1 g centrifugation. For the first time, we observed a decrease in sulfur antioxidants based on a comprehensive analysis of the livers of mice after spaceflight. Our data suggest that a decrease in sulfur-containing compounds owing to both microgravity and other spaceflight environments (radiation and stressors) contributes to liver damage after spaceflight.", "release_date": "2024-03-05", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-686/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Liver" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina NovaSeq 6000" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Altered Gravity" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Gravity", "Altered" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-12" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "JAXA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Ryo Ryota Hiroe Kohei Koji Yusuke Iwao Kengo Kurosawa Sugimoto Imai Atsuji Yamada Kawano Ohtsu Suzuki" ], "publication_title": "Impact of spaceflight and artificial gravity on sulfur metabolism in mouse liver: sulfur metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-687", "osd_num": 687, "identifiers": "GLDS-618", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-687", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/687", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/687" } }, "overview": { "title": "SpaceX Inspiration4 T-Cell Histone Modification Profiling (H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K27ac)", "description": "The SpaceX Inspiration4 mission was a 3-day mission with four private astronauts to low Earth orbit that occurred in September 2021. T-cells were isolated from whole blood in one crew member at the R+194 timepoint for histone modification quantification as a proof of concept study, as no histone modifications have been previously studied in astronaut cohorts. The H3K4me1, H3K4me3, and H3K27ac modifications were profiled using Cut and Run.", "release_date": "2024-05-14", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-687/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "T cell" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "ChIC-seq (Chromatin Immunocleavage Sequencing)" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein-DNA binding site identification" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Input Cell Count", "Histone Modification Target", "Vendor" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Input Cell Count", "Histone Modification Target", "Vendor" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX Inspiration4" ], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Christopher Eliah Craig E G. Mason Overbey Westover" ], "publication_title": "The Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) and international astronaut biobank Collection of Biospecimens from the Inspiration4 Mission Establishes the Standards for the Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA)" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-689", "osd_num": 689, "identifiers": "GLDS-621", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-689", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/689", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/689" } }, "overview": { "title": "Single-cell analysis identifies conserved features of immune dysfunction in simulated microgravity and spaceflight", "description": "Microgravity is associated with immunological dysfunction, though the mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, using single-cell analysis of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exposed to short term (25 hours) simulated microgravity, we characterize altered genes and pathways at basal and stimulated states with a Toll-like Receptor-7/8 agonist. We validate single-cell analysis by RNA sequencing and super-resolution microscopy, and against data from the Inspiration-4 (I4) mission, JAXA (Cell-Free Epigenome) mission, Twins study, and spleens from mice on the International Space Station. Overall, microgravity alters specific pathways for optimal immunity, including the cytoskeleton, interferon signaling, pyroptosis, temperature-shock, innate inflammation (e.g., Coronavirus pathogenesis pathway and IL-6 signaling), nuclear receptors, and sirtuin signaling. Microgravity directs monocyte inflammatory parameters, and impairs T cell and NK cell functionality. Using machine learning, we identify numerous compounds linking microgravity to immune cell transcription, and demonstrate that the flavonol, quercetin, can reverse most abnormal pathways. These results define immune cell alterations in microgravity, and provide opportunities for countermeasures to maintain normal immunity in space.", "release_date": "2024-11-18", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-689/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "isolated cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)", "single-cell RNA sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Treatment", "Sex", "Microgravity Simulation" ], "types": [ "treatment", "Sex", "Weightlessness Simulation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Fei David Daniel Huixun Eliah JangKeun Priya Nicolas Chad A Khiem Jordan Taylor R Matias Juliet M Heather Shawn Cem Francine Nazish Simon Masafumi Akos A Herbert G Afshin Christopher E A Wu Furman Winer Du Overbey Kim Makhijani Martin Lerner Nguyen Baechle Valentino Fuentealba Bartleson Halaweh Winer Meydan Garrett-Bakelman Sayed Melov Muratani Gerencser Kasler Beheshti Mason" ], "publication_title": "Single-cell analysis identifies conserved features of immune dysfunction in simulated microgravity and spaceflight" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-690", "osd_num": 690, "identifiers": "GLDS-620", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-690", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/690", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/690" } }, "overview": { "title": "Nrf2 alleviates spaceflight-induced immunosuppression and thrombotic microangiopathy in mice", "description": "Spaceflight-related stresses impact health via various body systems, including the haematopoietic and immune systems, with effects ranging from moderate alterations of homoeostasis to serious illness. Oxidative stress appears to be involved in these changes, and the transcription factor Nrf2, which regulates expression of a set of cytoprotective and antioxidative stress response genes, has been implicated in the response to spaceflight-induced stresses. Here, we show through analyses of mice from the MHU-3 project, in which Nrf2-knockout mice travelled in space for 31 days, that mice lacking Nrf2 suffer more seriously from spaceflight-induced immunosuppression than wild-type mice. We discovered that a one-month spaceflight-triggered the expression of tissue inflammatory marker genes in wild-type mice, an effect that was even more pronounced in the absence of Nrf2. Concomitant with induction of inflammatory conditions, the consumption of coagulation-fibrinolytic factors and platelets was elevated by spaceflight and further accelerated by Nrf2 deficiency. These results highlight that Nrf2 mitigates spaceflight-induced inflammation, subsequent immunosuppression, and thrombotic microangiopathy. These observations reveal a new strategy to relieve health problems encountered during spaceflight.", "release_date": "2024-03-14", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-690/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Bone Marrow" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "DNBSEQ-G400 (MGI)" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Genotype" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Genotype" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-14" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "JAXA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Ritsuko Ikuo Atsushi Mikiko Akihito Keiko Fumiki Akira Norio Akane Risa Masaki Dai Satoru Takafumi Masayuki Shimizu Hirano Hasegawa Suzuki Otsuki Taguchi Katsuoka Uruno Suzuki Yumoto Okada Shirakawa Shiba Takahashi Suzuki Yamamoto" ], "publication_title": "Nrf2 alleviates spaceflight-induced immunosuppression and thrombotic microangiopathy in mice." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-694", "osd_num": 694, "identifiers": "GLDS-623", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-694", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/694", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/694" } }, "overview": { "title": "Predicting how varying moisture conditions impact the microbiome of dust collected from the International Space Station (ISS)", "description": "On Earth, people spend 90% of their time indoors where dust and moisture can facilitate rapid microbial growth, especially fungi. The International Space Station is a specialized closed environment that contains own unique indoor microbiome. Elevated moisture such as from a temporary ventilation system malfunction may lead to unintended microbial growth indoors, which is associated with negative health outcomes and degradation of essential built environment materials. We need to develop a predictive approach for modeling microbial growth to understand when it may occur in these critical indoor spaces. Here we demonstrate that exposure to even fluctuating elevated relative humidity above 80% can lead to rapid microbial growth and community composition changes in dust from spacecraft. We were able to model fungal growth in space station dust using the time-of-wetness framework with activation and deactivation limited growth occurring at 85% and 100% relative humidity conditions, respectively. Alpha and beta diversity of fungi was altered with both significantly decreasing as relative humidity and time elevated increased. Our results demonstrate that we can use moisture conditions to develop predictive models for fungal growth and composition. Understanding microbial growth in spacecraft can protect astronaut health, spacecraft integrity, and promote planetary protection as human activity increases in low-Earth orbit, the moon, Mars, and beyond.", "release_date": "2024-05-14", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-694/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "ITS", "16S" ], "measurement_types": [ "Amplicon Sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Treatment", "Relative Humidity" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "treatment", "relative humidity" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Glenn Research Center (GRC)", "people": [ "Nicholas Karen C Nastasi Dannemiller" ], "publication_title": "Fungal diversity differences in the indoor dust microbiome from built environments on earth and in space." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-698", "osd_num": 698, "identifiers": "GLDS-627", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-698", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/698", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/698" } }, "overview": { "title": "Spaceflight-Induced Gene Expression Profiles in the Mouse Brain Are Attenuated by Treatment with the Antioxidant BuOE - Frontal Cortex", "description": "The demands of deep space pose a health risk to the central nervous system that has long been a concern when sending humans to space. While little is known about how spaceflight affects transcription spatially in the brain, a greater understanding of this process has the potential to aid strategies that mitigate the effects of spaceflight on the brain. Therefore, we performed GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiling of mouse brains subjected to either spaceflight or grounded controls. Four brain regions were selected: Cortex, Frontal Cortex, Corunu Ammonis I, and Dentate Gyrus. Antioxidants have emerged as a potential means of attenuating the effects of spaceflight, so we treated a subset of the mice with a superoxide dismutase mimic, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP 5+ (BuOE). Our analysis revealed hundreds of differentially expressed genes due to spaceflight in each of the four brain regions. Both common and region-specific transcriptomic responses were observed. Metabolic pathways and pathways sensitive to oxidative stress were enriched in the four brain regions due to spaceflight. These findings enhance our understanding of brain regional variation in susceptibility to spaceflight conditions. BuOE reduced the transcriptomic effects of spaceflight at a large number of genes, suggesting that this compound may attenuate oxidative stress-induced brain damage caused by the spaceflight environment. This study contains data of frontal cortex region. The data of other brain regions are deposited in OSD-682 (cornu ammonis 1), OSD-685 (dentate gyrus), and OSD-699 (cerebral cortex).", "release_date": "2024-03-04", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-698/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "frontal cortex" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "spatial transcriptomics" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Nanostring GeoMx digital spatial profiling (DSP) platform" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Treatment" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-24" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Isaac Samir Seta Jacob Stephen Michael James Xiaowen Kremsky Ali Stanbouly Holley Justinen Pecaut Crapo Mao" ], "publication_title": "Spaceflight-Induced Gene Expression Profiles in the Mouse Brain Are Attenuated by Treatment with the Antioxidant BuOE." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-699", "osd_num": 699, "identifiers": "GLDS-628", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-699", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/699", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/699" } }, "overview": { "title": "Spaceflight-Induced Gene Expression Profiles in the Mouse Brain Are Attenuated by Treatment with the Antioxidant BuOE - Cerebral Cortex", "description": "The demands of deep space pose a health risk to the central nervous system that has long been a concern when sending humans to space. While little is known about how spaceflight affects transcription spatially in the brain, a greater understanding of this process has the potential to aid strategies that mitigate the effects of spaceflight on the brain. Therefore, we performed GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiling of mouse brains subjected to either spaceflight or grounded controls. Four brain regions were selected: Cortex, Frontal Cortex, Corunu Ammonis I, and Dentate Gyrus. Antioxidants have emerged as a potential means of attenuating the effects of spaceflight, so we treated a subset of the mice with a superoxide dismutase mimic, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP 5+ (BuOE). Our analysis revealed hundreds of differentially expressed genes due to spaceflight in each of the four brain regions. Both common and region-specific transcriptomic responses were observed. Metabolic pathways and pathways sensitive to oxidative stress were enriched in the four brain regions due to spaceflight. These findings enhance our understanding of brain regional variation in susceptibility to spaceflight conditions. BuOE reduced the transcriptomic effects of spaceflight at a large number of genes, suggesting that this compound may attenuate oxidative stress-induced brain damage caused by the spaceflight environment. This study contains data of cerebral cortex region. The data of other brain regions are deposited in OSD-682 (cornu ammonis 1), OSD-685 (dentate gyrus), and OSD-698 (frontal cortex).", "release_date": "2024-03-04", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-699/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Cerebral Cortex" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "spatial transcriptomics" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Nanostring GeoMx digital spatial profiling (DSP) platform" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Treatment", "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "treatment", "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-24" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Isaac Samir Seta Jacob Stephen Michael James Xiaowen Kremsky Ali Stanbouly Holley Justinen Pecaut Crapo Mao" ], "publication_title": "Spaceflight-Induced Gene Expression Profiles in the Mouse Brain Are Attenuated by Treatment with the Antioxidant BuOE." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-701", "osd_num": 701, "identifiers": "GLDS-631", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-701", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/701", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/701" } }, "overview": { "title": "Exposure to elevated relative humidity in laboratory chambers alters fungal gene expression in dust from the International Space Station (ISS)", "description": "Microbes are present in all occupied indoor environments, including the International Space Station (ISS). An unexpected ventilation system failure may lead to microbial and fungal growth that is associated with material degradation or negative health effects. There is a need for improved understanding of fungal function when exposed to moisture in indoor spaces. A de novo metatranscriptomic study was performed using dust collected from within the ISS. After returning to Earth, dust was incubated in laboratory chambers to simulate relative humidity conditions of 50%, 85%, or 100% equilibrium relative humidity (ERH) for 1-week. Changes in fungal function (gene expression) were associated with moisture exposure. Genes associated with secondary metabolism and fungal growth were significantly upregulated (p ≤ 0.001, log2FC ≥ 2) at elevated RH conditions (85% or 100% ERH). Elevated moisture conditions showed an increased expression of mycotoxin and fungal allergen genes such as Asp f 4 and Alt a 7 (log2FC ≥ 5). These results demonstrate that understanding microbial gene expression in response to elevated moisture will help improve microbial monitoring standards for confined spacecraft environments and help protect astronaut health and spacecraft integrity.", "release_date": "2025-06-06", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-701/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [ "Dust" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "metatranscriptome sequencing assay" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Relative Humidity" ], "types": [ "relative humidity" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Neeraja Karen C. Balasubrahmaniam Dannemiller" ], "publication_title": "Exposure to elevated relative humidity in laboratory chambers alters fungal gene expression in dust from the International Space Station (ISS)" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-702", "osd_num": 702, "identifiers": "GLDS-636 LSDS-99", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-702", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/702", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/702" } }, "overview": { "title": "Effects of 32 Days Aboard the ISS on Quadricep Tendon Nanomechanics (Quadricep femoris tendon, RR-1 and Atomic Force Microscopy)", "description": "Collagen is an essential component of connective tissue and plays a crucial role in elasticity, stability, and force distribution. While the adaptations of tendon to internal stimuli have been extensively researched, the impact of environmental factors (such as microgravity) on its structure and function at the nanoscopic scale (i.e., fibril level) remains largely unexplored. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 32 days (d) aboard the International Space Station (ISS) on murine tendon collagen fibril morphology and nanomechanics (Young’s Modulus, YM). Quadriceps tendon samples from 16wk old female C57BL/6J mice aboard NASA Rodent Research-1 underwent chemical processing and mechanical isolation. Subsequently, collagen fibrils (n equals 38) were studied via atomic force microscopy (AFM, JPK NanoWizard 4a) to compare the morphology (diameter, height) and nanomechanics (average YM) between spaceflight (SF) and ground control (GC) mouse tendon samples. The qp-BioAC-CB1 cantilever (spring constant: 0.3 N/m, tip radius: 10µm) was used under quantitative imaging mode (Qi) for all force and morphological measurements. The data from 17 micrographs (SF n equals 23; GC n equals 15) was processed via the JPK Data Processing Software (Version 6.4.5.), and finally analyzed via Gwyddion (Version 2.62). To our knowledge, this is the first investigation to use AFM QI-mode on tendon collagen fibrils after spaceflight. Mean fibril size and YM were similar between SF and GC mouse tendon fibrils after 32 days of space flight; these results suggest that collagen fibrils may require more time to adapt to changes in their environment, and/or more rapid changes may take place at different levels of the collagen hierarchy. This data provides valuable insights into mammalian tissue adaptations during spaceflight, and future research should continue these investigations with longer-duration missions to build a time-course of tendon adaptations to microgravity. All results derived are from atomic force microscopy using quadriceps femoris tendon tissue.", "release_date": "2024-09-24", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-702/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Quadriceps femoris" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "Atomic Force Microscopy" ], "measurement_types": [ "Mechanical Tests" ], "platforms": [ "JPK NanoWizard 4a NanoScience Atomic Force Microscope (Bruker)" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-4" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Patrick James Julissa Andrew Kent Guillermo R A. Bialy Bagley Delatorre Ichimura Lorenz Bojorge" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-714", "osd_num": 714, "identifiers": "GLDS-638", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-714", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/714", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/714" } }, "overview": { "title": "Lunar gravity prevents skeletal muscle atrophy but not myofiber type shift in mice", "description": "Skeletal muscle is sensitive to gravitational alterations. We recently developed a multiple artificial-gravity research system (MARS), which can generate gravity ranging from microgravity to Earth gravity (1 g) in space. Using the MARS, we studied the effects of three different gravitational levels (microgravity, lunar gravity [1/6 g], and 1 g) on the skeletal muscle mass and myofiber constitution in mice. All mice survived and returned to Earth, and skeletal muscle was collected two days after landing. We observed that microgravity-induced soleus muscle atrophy was prevented by lunar gravity. However, lunar gravity failed to prevent the slow-to-fast myofiber transition in the soleus muscle in space. These results suggest that lunar gravity is enough to maintain proteostasis, but a greater gravitational force is required to prevent the myofiber type transition. Our study proposes that different gravitational thresholds may be required for skeletal muscle adaptation.", "release_date": "2024-05-06", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-714/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Soleus" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Altered Gravity", "Space Mission" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Gravity", "Altered", "Space Mission" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-9 SpaceX-17 SpaceX-20" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "JAXA", "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Takuto Ryo Risa Michito Riku Sayaka James Maho Yuri Shunya Ayano Yui Chikara Hironobu Tatsuya Teruhiro Michihiko Maki Daisuke Akane Masafumi Takashi Dai Satoru Hayashi Fujita Okada Hamada Suzuki Fuseya Leckey Kanai Inoue Sadaki Nakamura Okamura Abe Morita Aiba Senkoji Shimomura Okada Kamimura Yumoto Muratani Kudo Shiba Takahashi" ], "publication_title": "Lunar gravity prevents skeletal muscle atrophy but not myofiber type shift in mice." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-715", "osd_num": 715, "identifiers": "GLDS-639", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-715", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/715", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/715" } }, "overview": { "title": "Characterization of mouse ocular response to a 35-day spaceflight mission: Evidence of blood-retinal barrier disruption and ocular adaptations - Proteomics data", "description": "The health risks associated with spaceflight-induced ocular structural and functional damage has become a recent concern for NASA. The goal of the present study was to characterize the effects of spaceflight and reentry to 1 g on the structure and integrity of the retina and blood-retinal barrier (BRB) in the eye. To investigate possible mechanisms, changes in protein expression profiles were examined in mouse ocular tissue after spaceflight. Ten week old male C57BL/6 mice were launched to the International Space Station (ISS) on Space-X 12 at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) on August, 2017. After a 35-day mission, mice were returned to Earth alive. Within 38 +/- 4 hours of splashdown, mice were euthanized and ocular tissues were collected for analysis. Ground control (GC) and vivarium control mice were maintained on Earth in flight hardware or normal vivarium cages respectively. Repeated intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements were performed before the flight launch and re-measured before the mice were euthanized after splashdown. IOP was significantly lower in post-flight measurements compared to that of pre-flight (14.4-19.3 mmHg vs 16.3-20.3 mmHg) (p  less than 0.05) for the left eye. Flight group had significant apoptosis in the retina and retinal vascular endothelial cells compared to control groups (p  less than  0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis of the retina revealed that an increased expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) in the flight mice compared to controls gave strong indication of disturbance of BRB integrity. There were also a significant increase in the expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) and a decrease in the expression of the BRB-related tight junction protein, Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). Proteomic analysis showed that many key proteins and pathways responsible for cell death, cell cycle, immune response, mitochondrial function and metabolic stress were significantly altered in the flight mice compared to ground control animals. These data indicate a complex cellular response that may alter retina structure and BRB integrity following long-term spaceflight.", "release_date": "2024-03-20", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-715/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Right retina" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein expression profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Orbitrap Fusion(Thermo Scientific)" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-12" ], "flight_programs": [ "Rodent Research (RR)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Xiao W. Nina C. Stephanie D. Seta Tamako Alyson Vijayalakshmi Marjan Alan J. David Jeffrey S. Michael Michael J. Mao Nishiyama Byrum Stanbouly Jones Drew Sridharan Boerma Tackett Zawieja Willey Delp Pecaut" ], "publication_title": "Characterization of mouse ocular response to a 35-day spaceflight mission: Evidence of blood-retinal barrier disruption and ocular adaptations." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-719", "osd_num": 719, "identifiers": "GLDS-641", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-719", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/719", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/719" } }, "overview": { "title": "Sexual Dimorphism during Integrative Endocrine and Immune Responses to Ionizing Radiation in Mice -- Blood data", "description": "Exposure to cosmic ionizing radiation is an innate risk of the spaceflight environment that can cause DNA damage and altered cellular function. In astronauts, longitudinal monitoring of physiological systems and interactions between these systems are important to consider for mitigation strategies. In addition, assessments of sex-specific biological responses in the unique environment of spaceflight are vital to support future exploration missions that include both females and males. Here we assessed sex-specific, multi-system immune and endocrine responses to simulated cosmic radiation. For this, 24-week-old, male and female C57Bl/6J mice were exposed to simplified five-ion, space-relevant galactic cosmic ray (GCRsim) radiation at 15 and 50 cGy, to simulate predicted radiation exposures that would be experienced during lunar and Martian missions, respectively. Blood and adrenal tissues were collected at 3- and 14-days post-exposure for analysis of immune and endocrine biosignatures and pathways. Sexually dimorphic adrenal gland weights and morphology, differential total RNA expression, and unique immune phenotypes were altered by GCRsim. In brief, this study offers new insights into sexually dimorphic immune and endocrine kinetics following simulated cosmic radiation exposure and highlights the necessity for personalized translational approaches for astronauts during exploration missions. This study includes data from blood samples only.", "release_date": "2024-05-17", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-719/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Blood" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Sex", "Ionizing Radiation" ], "types": [ "Sex", "ionizing radiation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Amber Paul" ], "publication_title": "Sexual dimorphism during integrative endocrine and immune responses to ionizing radiation in mice." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-720", "osd_num": 720, "identifiers": "GLDS-699", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-720", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/720", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/720" } }, "overview": { "title": "Long-lasting sex-specific alteration in left ventricular cardiac transcriptome following gamma and simGCRsim radiation", "description": "Space irradiation (IR) is an important health risk for deep-space missions. We reported heart failure with preserved ejection fraction like cardiac phenotype 660-days following exposure to a single-dose of a simplified galactic cosmic ray simulation (simGCRsim) only in males with functional and structural impairment in left ventricular (LV) function. This sex-based dichotomy prompted us to investigate sex-specific changes in the LV transcriptome in three-month-old male and female mice exposed to 137Cs-gamma- or simGCRsim-IR. Non-IR male and female (10 each) mice served as controls. LVs were collected at 440/660- and 440/550-days post-IR, male and female, respectively. RNA sequencing, differential gene expression, and functional annotation were performed on tissues from 5 mice/group. Sex and post-IR time points had the greatest influence on gene expression, surpassing the IR-type effects. SimGCRsim-IR showed more persistent transcriptome changes than gamma-IR. We suggest that the single IR effects can persist up to 550–660 days, with overwhelmingly sex-biased responses at individual gene expression level.", "release_date": "2024-07-17", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-720/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Left ventricle" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Sex", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "Sex", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "David A Goukassian" ], "publication_title": "Long-lasting sex-specific alteration in left ventricular cardiac transcriptome following gamma and simGCRsim radiation" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-722", "osd_num": 722, "identifiers": "GLDS-643", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-722", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/722", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/722" } }, "overview": { "title": "Impact of modeled microgravity stress on innate immunity in a beneficial animal-microbe symbiosis", "description": "The innate immune response is the first line of defense for all animals to not only detect invading microbes and toxins but also sense and interface with the environment. One such environment that can significantly affect innate immunity is spaceflight. In this study, we explored the impact of microgravity stress on key elements of the NFκB innate immune pathway. The symbiosis between the bobtail squid Euprymna scolopes and its beneficial symbiont Vibrio fischeri was used as a model system under a simulated microgravity environment. The expression of genes associated with the NFκB pathway was monitored over time as the symbiosis progressed. Results revealed that although the onset of the symbiosis was the major driver in the differential expression of NFκB signaling, the stress of simulated low-shear microgravity also caused a dysregulation of expression. Several genes were expressed at earlier time points suggesting that elements of the E. scolopes NFκB pathway are stress-inducible, whereas expression of other pathway components was delayed. The results provide new insights into the role of NFκB signaling in the squid-vibrio symbiosis, and how the stress of microgravity negatively impacts the host immune response. Together, these results provide a foundation to develop mitigation strategies to maintain host-microbe homeostasis during spaceflight.", "release_date": "2024-02-14", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-722/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Euprymna scolopes" ], "material_types": [ "Light Organ" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "NanoString nCounter MAX system" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Microgravity Simulation", "Treatment", "Time" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation", "treatment", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Alexandrea A Madeline M Jamie Duscher Vroom Foster" ], "publication_title": "Impact of modeled microgravity stress on innate immunity in a beneficial animal-microbe symbiosis." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-723", "osd_num": 723, "identifiers": "GLDS-645", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-723", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/723", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/723" } }, "overview": { "title": "Substrate Matters: Ionic Silver Alters Lettuce Growth, Nutrient Uptake, and Root Microbiome in a Hydroponics System", "description": "Ionic silver (Ag+) is being investigated as a residual biocide for use in NASA spacecraft potable water systems on future crewed missions. This water will be used to irrigate future spaceflight crop production systems. We have evaluated the impact of three concentrations (31 ppb, 125 ppb, and 500 ppb) of ionic silver biocide solutions on lettuce in an arcillite (calcinated clay particle substrate) and hydroponic (substrate-less) growth setup after 28 days. Lettuce plant growth was reduced in the hydroponic samples treated with 31 ppb silver and severely stunted for samples treated at 125 ppb and 500 ppb silver. No growth defects were observed in arcillite-grown lettuce. Silver was detectable in the hydroponic-grown lettuce leaves at each concentration but was not detected in the arcillite-grown lettuce leaves. Specifically, when 125 ppb silver water was applied to a hydroponics tray, Ag+ was detected at an average amount of 7 ug/g (dry weight) in lettuce leaves. The increase in Ag+ corresponded with a decrease in several essential elements in the lettuce tissue (Ca, K, P, S). In the arcillite growth setup, silver did not impact the plant root zone microbiome in terms of alpha diversity and relative abundance between treatments and control. However, with increasing silver concentration, the alpha diversity increased in lettuce root samples and in the water from the hydroponics tray samples. The genera in the hydroponic root and water samples were similar across the silver concentrations but displayed different relative abundances. This suggests that ionic silver was acting as a selective pressure for the microbes that colonize the hydroponic water. The surviving microbes likely utilized exudates from the stunted plant roots as a carbon source. Analysis of the root-associated microbiomes in response to silver showed enrichment of metagenomic pathways associated with alternate carbon source utilization, fatty-acid synthesis, and the ppGpp (guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-diphosphate) stringent response global regulatory system that operates under conditions of environmental stress. Nutrient solutions containing Ag+ in concentrations greater than 31 ppb in hydroponic systems lacking cation-exchange capacity can severely impact crop production due to stunting of plant growth.", "release_date": "2024-10-15", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-723/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "Metagenomic sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Organism Part", "Growth Time", "Treatment", "Growth Medium" ], "types": [ "Organism Part", "Growth Time", "treatment", "Growth Medium" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "LaShelle Blake Tesia Anirudha Cory Angie Brittney Wenyan Christina Trent Raymond Aubrie Spencer Costine Irwin Dixit Spern Diaz Lozzi Li Khodadad Smith Wheeler O'Rourke" ], "publication_title": "Substrate Matters: Ionic Silver Alters Lettuce Growth, Nutrient Uptake, and Root Microbiome in a Hydroponics System." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-728", "osd_num": 728, "identifiers": "GLDS-646", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-728", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/728", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/728" } }, "overview": { "title": "Simulated microgravity triggers a membrane adaptation to stress in E. coli REL606", "description": "Investigating the evolution of Escherichia coli in microgravity offers valuable insights into microbial adaptation to extreme environments. Here the effects of simulated microgravity (SµG) on gene expression and genome evolution of E. coli REL606, a strain evolved terrestrially for 35 years, is explored. The transcriptomic changes for glucose-limited and glucose-replete conditions over 24 h illustrate that SµG increased the expression of genes involved in stress response, biofilm, and metabolism. A greater number of differentially expressed genes related to the general stress response (GSR) and biofilm formation is observed in simulated microgravity cultures under glucose-limited conditions in comparison to glucose-replete conditions. Longer term SµG culture under glucose-limited conditions led to the accumulation of unique mutations when compared to control cultures, particularly in the mraZ/fruR intergenic region and the elyC gene, suggesting changes in peptidoglycan and enterobacterial common antigen (ECA) production. These findings highlight the physiological and genomic adaptations of E. coli to microgravity, offering a foundation for future research into the long-term effects of space conditions on bacterial evolution.", "release_date": "2025-06-09", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-728/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Escherichia coli" ], "material_types": [ "Cells", "Cultured" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)", "nucleotide sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling", "genome sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Microgravity Simulation", "Time", "Growth Medium" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation", "time", "Growth Medium" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA", "NSF" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Brittney Lea Josh L Michael Macarena Antonio Sarah Jeffrey E Aubrie Lozzi Adepoju Espinoza Padgen Parra Ricco Castro-Wallace Barrick O'Rourke" ], "publication_title": "Simulated microgravity triggers a membrane adaptation to stress in E. coli REL606." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-729", "osd_num": 729, "identifiers": "GLDS-647", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-729", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/729", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/729" } }, "overview": { "title": "Biofilm formation is correlated with low nutrient and simulated microgravity conditions in a Burkholderia isolate from the ISS water processor assembly", "description": "The International Space Station (ISS) Water Processor Assembly (WPA) experiences intermittent dormancy in the WPA wastewater tank during water recycling events which promotes biofilm formation within the system. In this work we aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the impact of nutrient limitation on bacterial growth and biofilm formation under microgravity in support of biofilm mitigation efforts in exploration water recovery systems. A representative species of bacteria that is commonly cultured from the ISS WPA was cultured in an WPA influent water ersatz formulation tailored for microbiological studies. An isolate of Burkholderia contaminans was cultured under a simulated microgravity (SuG) treatment in a vertically rotating high-aspect rotating vessel (HARV) to create the low shear modeled microgravity (LSMMG) environment on a rotating wall vessel (RWV), with a rotating control (R) in the horizontal plane at the predetermined optimal rotation per minute (rpm) speed of 20. Over the course of the growth curve, the bacterial culture in ersatz media was harvested for bacterial counts, and transcriptomic and nutrient content analyses. The cultures under SuG treatment showed a transcriptomic signature indicative of nutrient stress and biofilm formation as compared to the R control treatment. Further analysis of the WPA ersatz over the course of the growth curve suggests that the essential nutrients of the media were consumed faster in the early stages of growth for the SuG treatment and thus approached a nutrient limited growth condition earlier than in the R control culture. The observed limited nutrient response may serve as one element to explain a moderate enhancement of adherent biofilm formation in the SuG treatment after 24 h. While nutrients levels can be modulated, one implication of this investigation is that biofilm mitigation in the ISS environment could benefit from methods such as mixing or the maintenance of minimum flow within a dormant water system in order to force convection and offset the response of microbes to the secondary effects of microgravity.", "release_date": "2026-08-04", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-729/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Burkholderia contaminans" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Microgravity Simulation", "Time" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Angie Anirudha R. Christina LM. Mary E. Yo-Ann Wenyan Aubrie Diaz Dixit Khodadad Hummerick Velez Justiniano Li O'Rourke" ], "publication_title": "Biofilm formation is correlated with low nutrient and simulated microgravity conditions in a Burkholderia isolate from the ISS water processor assembly" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-729", "osd_num": 729, "identifiers": "GLDS-647", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-729", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/729", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/729" } }, "overview": { "title": "Biofilm formation is correlated with low nutrient and simulated microgravity conditions in a Burkholderia isolate from the ISS water processor assembly", "description": "The International Space Station (ISS) Water Processor Assembly (WPA) experiences intermittent dormancy in the WPA wastewater tank during water recycling events which promotes biofilm formation within the system. In this work we aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the impact of nutrient limitation on bacterial growth and biofilm formation under microgravity in support of biofilm mitigation efforts in exploration water recovery systems. A representative species of bacteria that is commonly cultured from the ISS WPA was cultured in an WPA influent water ersatz formulation tailored for microbiological studies. An isolate of Burkholderia contaminans was cultured under a simulated microgravity (SuG) treatment in a vertically rotating high-aspect rotating vessel (HARV) to create the low shear modeled microgravity (LSMMG) environment on a rotating wall vessel (RWV), with a rotating control (R) in the horizontal plane at the predetermined optimal rotation per minute (rpm) speed of 20. Over the course of the growth curve, the bacterial culture in ersatz media was harvested for bacterial counts, and transcriptomic and nutrient content analyses. The cultures under SuG treatment showed a transcriptomic signature indicative of nutrient stress and biofilm formation as compared to the R control treatment. Further analysis of the WPA ersatz over the course of the growth curve suggests that the essential nutrients of the media were consumed faster in the early stages of growth for the SuG treatment and thus approached a nutrient limited growth condition earlier than in the R control culture. The observed limited nutrient response may serve as one element to explain a moderate enhancement of adherent biofilm formation in the SuG treatment after 24 h. While nutrients levels can be modulated, one implication of this investigation is that biofilm mitigation in the ISS environment could benefit from methods such as mixing or the maintenance of minimum flow within a dormant water system in order to force convection and offset the response of microbes to the secondary effects of microgravity.", "release_date": "2026-08-14", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-729/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Burkholderia contaminans" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Microgravity Simulation", "Time" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Angie Anirudha R. Christina LM. Mary E. Yo-Ann Wenyan Aubrie Diaz Dixit Khodadad Hummerick Velez Justiniano Li O'Rourke" ], "publication_title": "Biofilm formation is correlated with low nutrient and simulated microgravity conditions in a Burkholderia isolate from the ISS water processor assembly" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-734", "osd_num": 734, "identifiers": "GLDS-653", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-734", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/734", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/734" } }, "overview": { "title": "The International Space Station Has a Unique and Extreme Microbial and Chemical Environment Driven by Use Patterns", "description": "Space habitation provides unique challenges in built environments isolated from Earth. We produced a 3D map of the microbes and metabolites throughout the International Space Station (ISS), with 803 samples collected during space flight, including controls. We find that the use of each of the nine sampled modules within the ISS strongly drives the microbiology and chemistry of the habitat. Relating the microbiology to other Earth habitats, we find that, as with human microbiomes, built environment microbiomes also align naturally along an axis of industrialization, with the ISS providing an extreme example of an industrialized environment. We demonstrate the utility of culture-independent sequencing for microbial risk monitoring, especially as the location of sequencing moves to space. The resulting resource of chemistry and microbiology in the space-built environment will guide long-term efforts to maintain human health in space for longer durations.", "release_date": "2025-01-24", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-734/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota", "Not Applicable" ], "material_types": [ "Positive Control", "Surface swab", "blank control", "solvent control" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "16S", "Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing", "mass spectrometry" ], "measurement_types": [ "Amplicon Sequencing", "Metagenomic sequencing", "metabolite profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina MiSeq", "Illumina", "Q Exactive(Thermo Scientific) (positive ion)", "Q Exactive(Thermo Scientific) (negative ion)" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Sample Location" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Sample Location" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-21" ], "flight_programs": [ "ISS National Laboratory" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)", "people": [ "Rodolfo Salido Benitez" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-738", "osd_num": 738, "identifiers": "LSDS-107 GLDS-677", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-738", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/738", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/738" } }, "overview": { "title": "Effects of Space Flight on Inflammasome Activation in the Brain of Mice (Brain, Western Blot and ECLIA)", "description": "Space exploration exposes astronauts to stressors that alter the immune response, rendering them vulnerable to infections and diseases. In this study, we aimed to determine the levels of inflammasome activation in the brains of mice that were housed in the International Space Station (ISS) for 37 days. C57BL/6 mice were launched to the ISS as part of NASA’s Rodent Research 1 Mission on SpaceX-4 CRS-4 Dragon cargo spacecraft from September 21st, 2014, to October 25th, 2014. Dissected mouse brains from that mission were analyzed by immunoblotting of inflammasome signaling proteins and Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay (ECLIA) for inflammatory cytokine levels. Our data indicate decreased inflammasome activation in the brains of mice that were housed in the ISS for 37 days when compared to the brains of mice that were maintained on the ground, and in mice corresponding to the baseline group that were sacrificed at the time of launching of SpaceX-4. Moreover, we did not detect any significant changes in the expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12p70 and IL-10 between the ground control and the flight groups. Together, these studies suggest that spaceflight results in a decrease in the levels of innate immune signaling molecules that govern inflammasome signaling in the brain of mice. This dataset derives results from the ECLIA and Western Blot assays using brain tissue.", "release_date": "2025-03-10", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-738/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Brain" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "Western Blot", "ECLIA" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein quantification", "Immunoassay" ], "platforms": [ "BioRad ChemiDoc", "MESO-QuickPlex SQ-120MM" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-4" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Upal Roey Angel Alen Deepa Mario Robert Ryan Xiao Juan Pablo A. W. T. W. Roy Haddad Rodriguez Saju Roy Gil Keane Scott Mao de Rivero Vaccari" ], "publication_title": "Effects of Space Flight on Inflammasome Activation in the Brain of Mice" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-742", "osd_num": 742, "identifiers": "GLDS-659", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-742", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/742", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/742" } }, "overview": { "title": "Metagenome profiling of feces from mice flown on the RRRM-1 mission", "description": "In Rodent Research Reference Mission-1 (RRRM-1), forty female BALB/cAnNTac mice were flown on the International Space Station. To assess differences in outcomes due to age, twenty 10-12 week-old and twenty 32 week-old mice were flown, respectively. To directly assess spaceflight effects, half of the young and old mice (10 old, 10 young) were sacrificed on-orbit after 22-23 days (ISS Terminal, ISS-T), while the other half (10 old, 10 young) were returned live to Earth after 40 days and allowed to recover for 2 days (Live Animal Return, LAR) before sacrifice. Both the ISS-T and LAR animals had independent ground controls (10 mice housed in flight hardware in matched environmental conditions), basal controls (10 mice sacrificed 1 day after launch), and vivarium controls (10 mice housed within standard vivarium habitats). Thus RRRM-1 included a total of 160 mice. Feces were removed from 145 animals and preserved by flash freezing in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 ˚C until DNA was extracted, and libraries generated and sequenced (target 10 M clusters per sample, PE 251 bp). This dataset features whole-genome shotgun metagenomics sequencing data from 8-10 feces samples per group.", "release_date": "2024-09-13", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-742/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [ "Feces" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "Metagenomic sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Age", "Duration", "Euthanasia Location", "Spaceflight", "Dissection Condition" ], "types": [ "age", "duration", "Euthanasia Location", "Space Flight", "Dissection Condition" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-16" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Amanda San-Huei Alec Teddie Marie Samrawit Sylvain M G Saravia-Butler Lai Polo Vallota-Eastman Hawkins Dinh Gebre Costes" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-751", "osd_num": 751, "identifiers": "LSDS-112 GLDS-687", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-751", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/751", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/751" } }, "overview": { "title": "Effects of Space Flight on Inflammasome Activation in the Brain of Mice (Cortex; ECLIA)", "description": "Space exploration exposes astronauts to stressors that alter the immune response, rendering them vulnerable to infections and diseases. In this study, we aimed to determine the levels of inflammasome activation in the brains of mice that were housed in the International Space Station (ISS) for 37 days. C57BL/6 mice were launched to the ISS as part of NASA’s Rodent Research 1 Mission on SpaceX-4 CRS-4 Dragon cargo spacecraft from September 21st, 2014, to October 25th, 2014. Dissected mouse brains from that mission were analyzed by immunoblotting of inflammasome signaling proteins and Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay (ECLIA) for inflammatory cytokine levels. Our data indicate decreased inflammasome activation in the brains of mice that were housed in the ISS for 37 days when compared to the brains of mice that were maintained on the ground, and in mice corresponding to the baseline group that were sacrificed at the time of launching of SpaceX-4. Moreover, we did not detect any significant changes in the expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12p70 and IL-10 between the ground control and the flight groups. Together, these studies suggest that spaceflight results in a decrease in the levels of innate immune signaling molecules that govern inflammasome signaling in the brain of mice. This dataset derives results from the ECLIA assay using brain tissue.", "release_date": "2025-03-10", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-751/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Cortex" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "ECLIA" ], "measurement_types": [ "Immunoassay" ], "platforms": [ "MESO-QuickPlex SQ-120MM" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-4" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Upal Roey Angel Alen Deepa Mario Robert Ryan Xiao Juan Pablo A. W. T. W. Roy Haddad Rodriguez Saju Roy Gil Keane Scott Mao de Rivero Vaccari" ], "publication_title": "Effects of Space Flight on Inflammasome Activation in the Brain of Mice" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-758", "osd_num": 758, "identifiers": "GLDS-664", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-758", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/758", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/758" } }, "overview": { "title": "Artificial Gravity Attenuates the Transcriptomic Response to Spaceflight in the Optic Nerve and Retina -- Retina data", "description": "The development of eye pathology is a serious concern for astronauts that spend time in deep space. Microgravity is a major component of the spaceflight environment, which could have adverse effects on ocular health. The use of centrifugation to restore partial or Earth-like gravity in space is a possible countermeasure to mitigate the effects of microgravity on the eye. Therefore, we subjected mice on the International Space Station (ISS) to artificial gravity by centrifugation at 0, 0.33, 0.67, and 1G, and then performed RNA-seq on optic nerve and retinal tissue after returning them to Earth alive. We find that the microgravity environment induces transcriptomic changes in the optic nerve and retina consistent with an increased oxidative stress load, inflammation, apoptosis, and lipid metabolic stress. Adding artificial gravity on board the ISS can attenuate the transcriptomic response to microgravity in a dose-dependent manner. Such attenuation may effectively mitigate spaceflight-induced detrimental effects on ocular tissue. This study hosts retina data, and OSD-759 hosts optic nerve data.", "release_date": "2024-11-06", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-758/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Right retina" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Altered Gravity" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Gravity", "Altered" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-27" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Xiao Wen Mao" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-759", "osd_num": 759, "identifiers": "GLDS-665", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-759", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/759", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/759" } }, "overview": { "title": "Artificial Gravity Attenuates the Transcriptomic Response to Spaceflight in the Optic Nerve and Retina -- Optic nerve data", "description": "The development of eye pathology is a serious concern for astronauts that spend time in deep space. Microgravity is a major component of the spaceflight environment, which could have adverse effects on ocular health. The use of centrifugation to restore partial or Earth-like gravity in space is a possible countermeasure to mitigate the effects of microgravity on the eye. Therefore, we subjected mice on the International Space Station (ISS) to artificial gravity by centrifugation at 0, 0.33, 0.67, and 1G, and then performed RNA-seq on optic nerve and retinal tissue after returning them to Earth alive. We find that the microgravity environment induces transcriptomic changes in the optic nerve and retina consistent with an increased oxidative stress load, inflammation, apoptosis, and lipid metabolic stress. Adding artificial gravity on board the ISS can attenuate the transcriptomic response to microgravity in a dose-dependent manner. Such attenuation may effectively mitigate spaceflight-induced detrimental effects on ocular tissue. This study hosts optic nerve data, and OSD-758 hosts retina data.", "release_date": "2024-11-06", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-759/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Right optic nerve" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Altered Gravity" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Gravity", "Altered" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-27" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Xiao Wen Mao" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-766", "osd_num": 766, "identifiers": "GLDS-672", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-766", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/766", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/766" } }, "overview": { "title": "The microbial communities of a tomato crop grown in Veggie under different lighting regimes on the International Space Station", "description": "The VEG-05 experiment was conducted on ISS between 12/14/2022-3/24/2023 (101 days) to investigate tomato-growth responses and plant-microbiome differences due to two lighting recipes: 90%R:10%B as the “red-rich” treatment and 50%R:50%B as the “blue-rich” treatment. A ground control was performed in controlled environment chambers at Kennedy Space Center providing. After a 48-hour delay, CO2 concentrations, relative humidity and temperature from data downlinked on the ISS were configured to run in the ground control growth chamber. To capture humidity and temperature inside of the Veggie units, HOBO data loggers (Onset Computer Corporation, Bourne, MA) were installed. Before initiation of the VEG-05 experiment, verification ground testing was performed at Kennedy Space Center in the previously mentioned controlled-environment chambers providing ISS-comparable temperatures, relative humidity, and CO2 to help determine watering requirements for the duration of the 101-day experiments. When the tomato plants matured and fruited, three harvests were planned at day 83, 90, and 100 if tomato fruit were present. Other fruit that detached in between these periods were also saved. Water stress in plants led to flower and fruit loss. In total, from the five-surviving red-rich lighted plants in flight, only five ripe fruits were produced, and from the four-surviving blue-rich lighted flight plants, 10 fruit were produced with only six of those ripe by day 100. Additional samples were collected including surface swabs, leaves, and roots and pillow materials from two plant pillows per treatment that were frozen and returned.", "release_date": "2026-05-21", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-766/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "16S", "ITS" ], "measurement_types": [ "Amplicon Sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "light regimen", "Organism Part" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "light regimen", "Organism Part" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-26" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Christina Gioia Anirudha D. R Khodadad Massa Dixit" ], "publication_title": "The microbial communities of a tomato crop grown in Veggie under different lighting regimes on the International Space Station" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-767", "osd_num": 767, "identifiers": "GLDS-709", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-767", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/767", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/767" } }, "overview": { "title": "Stress and light spectral quality influence the transcriptome of a tomato crop on the International Space Station", "description": "Spaceflight introduces unique environmental stresses that challenge plant growth and development, necessitating an understanding of molecular responses to enable sustainable agriculture for long-duration missions. This study investigated the transcriptomic responses of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Red Robin) grown under red and blue rich light spectra aboard the International Space Station (ISS) and in ground controls at Kennedy Space Center. Using RNA sequencing, we analyzed leaf and adventitious root tissues to uncover gene expression changes driven by spaceflight conditions and light quality. Our results revealed significant transcriptomic alterations influenced by both spaceflight and lighting spectra. Differential gene expression analysis identified numerous up and downregulated genes in flight samples compared to ground controls, with adventitious roots displaying pronounced transcriptional changes. Genes associated with stress responses, hormonal signaling, and metabolic pathways were prominently upregulated in spaceflight-grown tissues. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses highlighted critical roles for oxidative stress response, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and hormonal regulation. Additionally, red rich lighting appeared to stabilize gene expression patterns, while blue rich lighting induced greater variability across conditions. Notably, spaceflight exhibited extensive adventitious roots formation, with gene clusters enriched in antioxidant metabolism, cell wall remodeling, and stress adaptation processes. Leaf tissues demonstrated distinct transcriptional signatures under flight and ground conditions, with blue rich lighting enhancing stress responsive pathways and red rich lighting favoring metabolic stability. This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying plant adaptation to spaceflight and variable lighting conditions, emphasizing the importance of tailored environmental control for optimizing crop production in space. These findings could have implications for developing resilient plant varieties suitable for extreme environments, both in extraterrestrial settings and on Earth.", "release_date": "2026-06-09", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-767/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Solanum lycopersicum" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "NovaSeq X Plus" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "light regimen", "Organism Part" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "light regimen", "Organism Part" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-26" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Christina Gioia Anirudha Khodadad Massa Dixit" ], "publication_title": "Stress and light spectral quality influence the transcriptome of a tomato crop on the International Space Station" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-770", "osd_num": 770, "identifiers": "GLDS-673", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-770", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/770", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/770" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional profiling of soleus muscle from mice flown on the RR-23 mission", "description": "The objective of the Rodent Research-23 mission (RR-23) was to better understand the effects of spaceflight on the eyes, specifically on the structure and function of the arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels that are needed to maintain vision. To this end, twenty male, C57BL/6J, 16-17 weeks-old mice were delivered to the International Space Station (ISS) on SpaceX-21 in a single transporter, transferred to two rodent habitats, and maintained in microgravity for 38 days. Flight mice were then returned to Earth alive (January 13th, 2021). After splashdown in the Atlantic Ocean, mice were transported to Kennedy Space Center via helicopter. The 20 Flight (FLT), 20 Habitat Ground Control (GC), and 20 Vivarium Ground Control (VIV) mice were removed from Rodent Transporters (FLT and GC) or vivarium cages (VIV), placed into shipping containers, and flown to Texas A and M University. There, mice underwent post-flight procedures, before euthanasia and tissue collection. FLT, GC and VIV animals were euthanized and dissected on Jan 14th, 17th or 20th of 2021, respectively. Soleus muscle samples were preserved by immersion in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80C until RNA was extracted, and libraries generated and sequenced (target 60 M clusters per sample, PE 149 bp). This dataset features 9 samples from the Flight group, 9 samples from the Habitat Ground Control group, and 9 samples from the Vivarium Ground Control group.", "release_date": "2024-11-13", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-770/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Right soleus" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-21" ], "flight_programs": [ "Rodent Research (RR)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Lauren David Samrawit Danielle Charles Yi-Chun San-Huei Alec Amanda Crystal M Sanders Zawieja Gebre Lopez Houseman Chen Lai Polo Vallota-Eastman Saravia-Butler Han" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-771", "osd_num": 771, "identifiers": "GLDS-674", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-771", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/771", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/771" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional profiling of kidney tissue from mice flown on the Rodent Research Reference Mission-2 (RRRM-2)", "description": "In the Rodent Research Reference Mission (RRRM-2), forty female C57BL/6NTac mice were flown on the International Space Station. To assess differences in outcomes due to age, twenty 12 week-old and twenty 29 week-old mice were flown, respectively. To directly assess spaceflight effects, half of the young and old mice (10 old, 10 young) were sacrificed on-orbit after 55-58 days (ISS Terminal, ISS-T), while the other half (10 old, 10 young) were returned live to Earth after 32 days and allowed to recover for 24 days (Live Animal Return, LAR) before sacrifice. ISS-T and LAR mice were the same age at sacrifice. Both the ISS-T and LAR animals had independent ground controls (10 mice per group housed in flight hardware in matched environmental conditions), basal controls (10 mice per group sacrificed 2 days before launch), and vivarium controls (10 mice per group housed within standard vivarium habitats). Thus RRRM-2 included a total of 160 mice. This study includes bulk RNA sequencing ribodepleted gene expression data from the kidneys from 5 old and 5 young animals from each of the following groups: LAR basal (BSL), LAR ground control (GC), LAR vivarium control (VIV), LAR flight (FLT), ISS-T basal (BSL), ISS-T ground control (GC), ISS-T vivarium control (VIV), and ISS-T flight (FLT).", "release_date": "2024-11-13", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-771/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Right kidney" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Age", "Euthanasia Location" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "age", "Euthanasia Location" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-18" ], "flight_programs": [ "Rodent Research (RR)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Lauren Samrawit Danielle Louis Michael Charles Yi-Chun San-Huei Alec Amanda M. Crystal Sanders Gebre Lopez Stodieck Roberts Houseman Chen Lai Polo Vallota-Eastman Saravia-Butler Han" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-772", "osd_num": 772, "identifiers": "GLDS-675", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-772", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/772", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/772" } }, "overview": { "title": "PH-04 Chile Peppers in Space", "description": "Growing plants in spaceflight presents challenges to achieve optimal plant growth and productivity. One of NASA's goals is growing edible crops in spaceflight to supplement the astronauts' diet with fresh vegetables and assess food safety of the crops. It is important to understand the optimal growing conditions for crops grown in spaceflight conditions. Leafy greens have been grown on the International Space Station in the Veggie plant chamber and were safe for the astronauts to eat. The Advanced Plant Habitat (APH), an enclosed, controlled plant growth facility on the ISS has also been used to grow edible plants. The technology demonstration in the APH grew chile peppers, Capsicum annum c.v. NuMex Espanola Improved. This was one of the longest continuous plant growth experiments conducted on ISS (137 days), producing 26 pepper fruit.", "release_date": "2025-09-09", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-772/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "16S" ], "measurement_types": [ "Amplicon Sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Organism Part", "Sample Location" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Organism Part", "sample location" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-22" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Christina Anirudha Mary LaShelle Cory Jacob Oscar Jeffrey Jennifer Aaron Gioia Nicole Lucie Matthew Raymond L R. E. E. J. J. A. T. L B. D. M. Khodadad Dixit Hummerick Spencer Spern Torres Monje Richards Gooden Curry Massa DuFour Poulet Romeyn Wheeler" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-773", "osd_num": 773, "identifiers": "GLDS-676", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-773", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/773", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/773" } }, "overview": { "title": "Exposed Root On Orbit Test System (XROOTS), an aeroponic and hydroponic plant growth system technical demonstration on the International Space Station (ISS)", "description": "Technical demonstration of the XROOTS payload integrated with the Veggie Hardware to demonstrate an aeroponic and hydroponic plant growth system in microgravity. The intent was to evaluate a nutrient delivery system using an ebb/flow nutrient solution recovery system. Additionally plants were harvested and returned to Earth for food safety, microbiome and chemistry evaluation.", "release_date": "2026-05-11", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-773/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "ITS", "16S" ], "measurement_types": [ "Amplicon Sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-26 SpaceX-27 NG-17" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Ye Christina L. Zhang Khodadad" ], "publication_title": "Microbial community characterization of multi-crop growouts in the XROOTS aeroponic-hydroponic system on the International Space Station." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-781", "osd_num": 781, "identifiers": "GLDS-678", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-781", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/781", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/781" } }, "overview": { "title": "Skeletal muscle-on-a-chip in microgravity as a platform for regeneration modeling and drug screening - myoblast data", "description": "Microgravity has been shown to lead to both muscle atrophy and impaired muscle regeneration. The purpose was to study the efficacy of microgravity to model impaired muscle regeneration in an engineered muscle platform and then to demonstrate the feasibility of performing drug screening in this model. Engineered human muscle was launched to the International Space Station National Laboratory, where the effect of microgravity exposure for 7 days was examined by transcriptomics and proteomics approaches. Gene set enrichment analysis of engineered muscle cultured in microgravity, compared to normal gravity conditions, highlighted a metabolic shift toward lipid and fatty acid metabolism, along with increased apoptotic gene expression. The addition of pro-regenerative drugs, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and a 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase inhibitor (15-PGDH-i), partially inhibited the effects of microgravity. In summary, microgravity mimics aspects of impaired myogenesis, and the addition of these drugs could partially inhibit the effects induced by microgravity. Only data for myoblast samples are reported here. See OSD-787 for vastus lateralis tissue data.", "release_date": "2024-07-02", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-781/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "primary cell" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Treatment" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "NG-16" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA", "NIH" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Soochi Bugra Mahdis Thomas A. Ngan F. Kim Ayan Shayan Rando Huang" ], "publication_title": "Skeletal muscle-on-a-chip in microgravity as a platform for regeneration modeling and drug screening" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-782", "osd_num": 782, "identifiers": "GLDS-679", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-782", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/782", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/782" } }, "overview": { "title": "Multi-omics profiling reveals ethylene signalling as a key pathway underlying both genetic and epigenetic responses to low-dose ionizing radiation in Arabidopsis", "description": "There is increasing interest in the effects of low-dose ionizing radiation (IR) on plants as might occur during spaceflight, or as a consequence of human activities, such as nuclear power generation, that may result in the release of radioactive materials into the environment. High doses of IR have long been used for the induction of mutations in plants with the goal of generating desirable traits for agribusiness. However, less is known about the responses of plants to acute low doses of IR exposure. Here, we take a multi-omics approach to characterize the response to low dose IR in A. thaliana. We adapt the Methyltransferase Accessibility Protocol for individual templates (MAPit) technique for use in plants allowing us to assay the epigenetic response to acute low-dose IR (10 cGy and 100 cGy) 72 hr after exposure, and, in parallel, use RNA sequencing to profile the transcription response at 1, 3, 24 and 72 hr after exposure. We observe that IR exposures as low as 10 cGy elicit robust genetic responses in Arabidopsis thaliana detectable as early as 1 hr after exposure. Examination of these responses revealed dose-dependent changes in gene expression, chromatin accessibility and DNA methylation that implicate the ethylene signalling pathway and response to abiotic stress as underlying the transcriptional and epigenetic changes associated with IR. These changes are observable up to 72 hr after exposure suggesting that they are maintained well after the initial acute exposure. Our findings indicate that A. thaliana executes a coordinated, multi-modal response to low-dose IR through induction and regulation of the ethylene response pathway.", "release_date": "2024-11-19", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-782/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Absorbed Radiation Dose", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "absorbed radiation dose", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Jeremy Mingqi J Chris Rhonda Michael Patrick Robert Barker L. Newman Zhou Pires Bacher Kladde Concannon" ], "publication_title": "Multi-omics profiling reveals ethylene signalling as a key pathway underlying both genetic and epigenetic responses to low-dose ionizing radiation in Arabidopsis" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-783", "osd_num": 783, "identifiers": "GLDS-680", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-783", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/783", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/783" } }, "overview": { "title": "Multidirectional effect of low-intensity electrical myostimulation on gene expression and phenotype in thigh and calf muscles after one week of disuse - soleus data", "description": "Low-intensity neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is often used as an alternative to exercise and high-intensity electrical stimulation to prevent the loss of muscle mass, strength, and endurance in spaceflight and in patients with severe chronic diseases. This study assessed the efficiency of low-intensity (~10% of maximal voluntary contraction) combined (low- and high-frequency) electrical stimulation in preventing the negative effects of weekly disuse (dry immersion without [DI, see a related dataset GSE271607] and with [DI+NMES] daily stimulation; 10 males in each group) on the strength and aerobic performance of the ankle plantar flexors and knee extensors, mitochondrial function in permeabilized muscle fibers, and the proteomic (quantitative mass spectrometry-based analysis) and transcriptomic (RNA-sequencing) profiles of the soleus muscle and vastus lateralis muscle. Application of electrical stimulation during dry immersion prevented a decrease in the maximal strength and a slight reduction in aerobic performance of knee extensors, as well as a decrease in maximal ADP-stimulated mitochondrial respiration and changes in the expression of genes encoding mitochondrial, extracellular matrix, and membrane proteins in the vastus lateralis muscle. In contrast, for the ankle plantar flexors/soleus muscle, electrical stimulation had a positive effect only on maximal mitochondrial respiration, but accelerated the decline in the maximal strength and muscle fiber cross-sectional area, which appears to be associated with the activation of genes regulating the inflammatory response. The data obtained open up broad prospects for the use of low-intensity combined electrical stimulation to prevent the negative effects of disuse for “mixed” muscles, meanwhile, the optimization of the stimulation protocol is required for “slow” muscles. Only data for soleus tissue samples are reported here. See OSD-784 for vastus lateralis tissue data.", "release_date": "2024-11-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-783/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Soleus" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Treatment" ], "types": [ "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Pavel Anna Roman Ivan Tatiana Viktor Mira Nikita Egor Kristina Anastasia Pavel Boris Ilya Oleg Elena Daniil Makhnovsky Borzykh Zhedyaev Ponomarev Vepkhvadze Zgoda Orlova Vavilov Lednev Sharlo Babkova Makhnovskii Shenkman Rukavishnikov Orlov Tomilovskaya Popov" ], "publication_title": "Multidirectional effect of low-intensity electrical myostimulation on gene expression and phenotype in thigh and calf muscles after one week of disuse" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-784", "osd_num": 784, "identifiers": "GLDS-681", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-784", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/784", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/784" } }, "overview": { "title": "Multidirectional effect of low-intensity electrical myostimulation on gene expression and phenotype in thigh and calf muscles after one week of disuse - vastus lateralis data", "description": "Low-intensity neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is often used as an alternative to exercise and high-intensity electrical stimulation to prevent the loss of muscle mass, strength, and endurance in spaceflight and in patients with severe chronic diseases. This study assessed the efficiency of low-intensity (~10% of maximal voluntary contraction) combined (low- and high-frequency) electrical stimulation in preventing the negative effects of weekly disuse (dry immersion without [DI, see a related dataset GSE271607] and with [DI+NMES] daily stimulation; 10 males in each group) on the strength and aerobic performance of the ankle plantar flexors and knee extensors, mitochondrial function in permeabilized muscle fibers, and the proteomic (quantitative mass spectrometry-based analysis) and transcriptomic (RNA-sequencing) profiles of the soleus muscle and vastus lateralis muscle. Application of electrical stimulation during dry immersion prevented a decrease in the maximal strength and a slight reduction in aerobic performance of knee extensors, as well as a decrease in maximal ADP-stimulated mitochondrial respiration and changes in the expression of genes encoding mitochondrial, extracellular matrix, and membrane proteins in the vastus lateralis muscle. In contrast, for the ankle plantar flexors/soleus muscle, electrical stimulation had a positive effect only on maximal mitochondrial respiration, but accelerated the decline in the maximal strength and muscle fiber cross-sectional area, which appears to be associated with the activation of genes regulating the inflammatory response. The data obtained open up broad prospects for the use of low-intensity combined electrical stimulation to prevent the negative effects of disuse for “mixed” muscles, meanwhile, the optimization of the stimulation protocol is required for “slow” muscles. Only data for vastus lateralis tissue samples are reported here. See OSD-783 for soleus tissue data.", "release_date": "2024-11-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-784/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Vastus Lateralis" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Treatment" ], "types": [ "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Pavel Daniil Anna Roman Ivan Tatiana Viktor Mira Nikita Egor Kristina Anastasia Pavel Boris Ilya Oleg Elena V. A. Makhnovsky Popov Borzykh Zhedyaev Ponomarev Vepkhvadze Zgoda Orlova Vavilov Lednev Sharlo Babkova Makhnovskii Shenkman Rukavishnikov Orlov Tomilovskaya" ], "publication_title": "Multidirectional effect of low-intensity electrical myostimulation on gene expression and phenotype in thigh and calf muscles after one week of disuse" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-787", "osd_num": 787, "identifiers": "GLDS-682", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-787", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/787", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/787" } }, "overview": { "title": "Skeletal muscle-on-a-chip in microgravity as a platform for regeneration modeling and drug screening - vastus lateralis data", "description": "Microgravity has been shown to lead to both muscle atrophy and impaired muscle regeneration. The purpose was to study the efficacy of microgravity to model impaired muscle regeneration in an engineered muscle platform and then to demonstrate the feasibility of performing drug screening in this model. Engineered human muscle was launched to the International Space Station National Laboratory, where the effect of microgravity exposure for 7 days was examined by transcriptomics and proteomics approaches. Gene set enrichment analysis of engineered muscle cultured in microgravity, compared to normal gravity conditions, highlighted a metabolic shift toward lipid and fatty acid metabolism, along with increased apoptotic gene expression. The addition of pro-regenerative drugs, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and a 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase inhibitor (15-PGDH-i), partially inhibited the effects of microgravity. In summary, microgravity mimics aspects of impaired myogenesis, and the addition of these drugs could partially inhibit the effects induced by microgravity. Only data for vastus lateralis tissue samples are reported here. See OSD-781 for myoblast data.", "release_date": "2024-07-02", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-787/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Vastus Lateralis" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Sex", "Disease State" ], "types": [ "Sex", "Disease State" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA", "NIH" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Soochi Bugra Mahdis Thomas A. Ngan F. Kim Ayan Shayan Rando Huang" ], "publication_title": "Skeletal muscle-on-a-chip in microgravity as a platform for regeneration modeling and drug screening" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-788", "osd_num": 788, "identifiers": "GLDS-683", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-788", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/788", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/788" } }, "overview": { "title": "Impact of simulated microgravity on the growth and proteomic profile of Enterobacter cloacae", "description": "The proteomics experiment involved analyzing the protein expression profiles of Enterobacter cloacae under different gravity conditions simulated in High Aspect Ratio Vessels (HARVs). The three conditions studied were normal gravity (NG), inverted normal gravity (INV), and low shear modeled microgravity (LSMMG). The goal was to assess how E. cloacae adapts to microgravity, given its relevance to astronaut health during spaceflight. By comparing the proteomic profiles across these conditions, the study identified significant changes in protein expression in LSMMG and INV compared to NG.", "release_date": "2025-03-28", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-788/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Enterobacter cloacae" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein expression profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Orbitrap Fusion(Thermo Scientific)" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Microgravity Simulation", "Growth Environment" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation", "growth environment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Kelly Mariola Jonna J Rice Ferraro Ocampo" ], "publication_title": "Impact of simulated microgravity on the growth and proteomic profile of Enterobacter cloacae" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-792", "osd_num": 792, "identifiers": "GLDS-688", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-792", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/792", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/792" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptomic analysis of embryonic mouse hypothalamic N38 cells exposed to high-energy protons and/or simulated microgravity.", "description": "Space exploration poses unique challenges to astronauts, especially the effects of space radiation and microgravity (uG). Understanding molecular responses to these factors is crucial for ensuring astronaut health, and this study aimed to identify transcriptomic changes in mouse hypothalamic cell line N38 (mHypoE-N38) caused by simulated space environments. Method: Four experimental groups were established, namely, a ground condition group (GC; the control group), a proton irradiated group (the space radiation group), a simulated uG group, and a proton irradiated × simulated uG group (the combination group). RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed to investigate key altered genes and to validate them. Results: Three hundred and fifty-five differentially expressed genes were identified. Notably, the expressions of UCN2 and UGT1A5 genes were upregulated in all three experimental groups, suggesting a shared regulatory mechanism with potential consequences for brain function during space missions. Moreover, the study revealed significant alterations in genes belonging to the USP17 and ZSCAN4 families, indicating active response to DNA damage and telomere maintenance. PCR results validated that UGT1A5, USP17 family, and ZSCAN4 families (ZSCAN4C, ZSCAN4D, and ZSCAN4F) were significantly upregulated at the mRNA level in the combination group, while UCN2, ZSCAN4A, and ZSCAN4B were not reproduced. Conclusion: The present study on mHypoE-N38 cells exposed to space environments revealed a complex molecular narrative with disease-oriented implications. The knowledge gained might serve as a cornerstone for developing strategies to mitigate potential health risks associated with extended exposure to space-related stressors.", "release_date": "2024-12-23", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-792/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Microgravity Simulation" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "Weightlessness Simulation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NRF", "KHIDI" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Nattha Kyung-Ju Phuong Hoa Ngoc Thuan Kyu-Sung Hye Jin Su-Geun Suwanprakorn Shin Tran Truong Kim Yoo Yang" ], "publication_title": "Transcriptomic analysis of embryonic mouse hypothalamic N38 cells exposed to high-energy protons and/or simulated microgravity." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-793", "osd_num": 793, "identifiers": "GLDS-689", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-793", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/793", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/793" } }, "overview": { "title": "Mission SpaceX CRS-16 RRRM-1 space flight induced skin genomic plasticity via an epigenetic trigger", "description": "Genomic plasticity helps adapt to extreme environmental conditions. We tested the hypothesis that exposure to space environment (ESE) impacts the epigenome inducing genomic plasticity. Murine skin samples from the Rodent Research Reference Mission-1 were procured from the International Space Station (ISS) National Laboratory. Targeted RNA sequencing to test differential gene expression between the skin of ESE versus ground controls revealed upregulation of VEGF-mediated angiogenesis pathways secondary to promoter hypomethylation in responders. Methylome sequencing identified ESE-sensitive hypomethylated genes including developmental angiogenic genes Araf, Vegfb, and Vegfr1. Based on differentially expressed genes, the angiogenesis biofunction was enriched in responders. The induction of genomic plasticity in response to ESE, as reported herein, may be viewed as a mark of biological resilience that is evident in a minority of organisms, responders but not in non-responders, exposed to the same stressor. Inducible genomic plasticity may be implicated in natural resilience to ESE. GeneLab Note: at the time of releasing this dataset, the associated publication has a typo throughout where RRRM-1 samples are incorrectly said to be flown on SpaceX-19 (should be SpaceX-16). The corresponding authors were contacted and it was verified to be an error. They have alerted the publisher of the error and will be making a correction to the publication at some point. As a result, all information in the present study has been curated using the correct mission record for the RRRM-1 payload (SpaceX-16).", "release_date": "2024-11-28", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-793/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "femoral skin" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "Reduced-Representation Bisulfite Sequencing", "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "DNA methylation profiling", "Targeted Transcriptome Sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Euthanasia Location", "Dissection Condition", "Duration" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Euthanasia Location", "Dissection Condition", "duration" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-16" ], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "DoD", "NIH" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Kanhaiya Priyanka Rajneesh Yashika Manishekhar Sumit S Sujit Afshin Liz Chandan K Singh Verma Srivastava Rustagi Kumar Verma Mohanty Beheshti Warren Sen" ], "publication_title": "Mission SpaceX CRS-19 RRRM-1 space flight induced skin genomic plasticity via an epigenetic trigger" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-794", "osd_num": 794, "identifiers": "GLDS-690", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-794", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/794", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/794" } }, "overview": { "title": "Characterization of Spacesuit Associated Microbial Communities and Their Implications for NASA Missions.", "description": "Background: Crewed National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) missions to other solar system bodies are currently being planned. One high-profile scientific focus during such expeditions would be life detection, specifically the discovery of past or present microbial life, if they exist. However, both humans and associated objects typically carry a high microbial burden. Thus, it is essential to distinguish between microbes brought with the expedition and those present on the exploring planets. Modern spacesuits are unique, customized spacecraft which provide protection, mobility and life support to crew during spacewalks, yet they vent, and the mobility of microbes through spacesuits has not been studied. Results:To evaluate the microbial colonization of spacesuits, NASA used an Extravehicular Activity swab kit to examine viable microbial populations of 48 samples from spacesuits using both traditional microbiological methods and molecular sequencing methods. The cultivable microbial population ranged from below the detection limit to 9 × 10^2 colony forming units per 25 cm^2 of sample and also significantly varied by the location. The cultivable microbial diversity was dominated by members of Bacillus, Arthrobacter, and Ascomycota. However, 16S rRNA-based viable bacterial burden ranged from 10^5 to 10^6 copies per 25 cm^2 of sample. Shotgun metagenome sequencing revealed the presence of a diverse microbial population on the spacesuit surfaces, including Curtobacterium and Methylobacterium from across all sets of spacesuits in high abundance. Among bacterial species identified, higher abundance of Cutibacterium acnes, Methylobacterium oryzae, and M. phyllosphaerae reads were documented. Conclusion:The results of this study provide evidence that identical microbial strains may live on the wrist joint, inner gauntlet, and outer gauntlet of spacesuits. This raises the possibility, but does not confirm that microbial contaminants on the outside of the suits could contaminate planetary science operations unless additional measures are taken. Overall, these data provide the first estimate of microbial distribution associated with spacesuit surfaces, which will help future mission planners develop effective planetary protection strategies.", "release_date": "2019-06-01", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-794/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [ "Swab" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "Metagenomic sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Sample Location", "Treatment" ], "types": [ "Sample Location", "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA", "NIH" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)", "people": [ "David Ganesh Babu Maria A Michelle Nitin K Aaron B Mary S Niamh B Rachid Christopher E Kasthuri Danko Malli Mohan Sierra Rucker Singh Regberg Bell O'Hara Ounit Mason Venkateswaran" ], "publication_title": "Characterization of Spacesuit Associated Microbial Communities and Their Implications for NASA Missions." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-809", "osd_num": 809, "identifiers": "GLDS-696", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-809", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/809", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/809" } }, "overview": { "title": "Effects of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor upset event on nitrogen speciation and microbial community in a downstream phototrophic membrane bioreactor", "description": "A wastewater treatment architecture with an anaerobic membrane bioreactor and a phototrophic membrane bioreactor was created to close resource loops for use on the Moon and Mars. During an anomaly, an increase of carbon-to-nitrogen ratio led to a shift in the microbial community within PMBR photomembrane bioreactor (PMBR). It is imperative to understand failure modes of the system and the system’s ability to respond to perturbations in treatment because of their proposed application in remote, resource-limited locations. During this transient event, the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio in the AnMBR permeate increased from 0.341 to 11.2. Results showed that the microbial community became more diverse during the event and enriched in species related to the remediation of aromatic compounds. The community shift led to conditions required for greater than 90% carbon removal by the PMBR. The inclusion of the PMBR in the treatment architecture increased resilience and robustness for treating high-strength wastewaters in extreme environments.", "release_date": "2025-02-21", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-809/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [ "Cells", "Attached Biofilms" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "Metagenomic sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Time" ], "types": [ "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Daniella Saetta" ], "publication_title": "Effects of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor upset event on nitrogen speciation and microbial community in a downstream phototrophic membrane bioreactor" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-810", "osd_num": 810, "identifiers": "GLDS-692", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-810", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/810", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/810" } }, "overview": { "title": "RNA-seq analysis in simulated microgravity unveils down-regulation of the beta-rhizobial siderophore phymabactin.", "description": "Exploiting the symbiotic interaction between crops and nitrogen-fixing bacteria is a simple and ecological method to promote plant growth in prospective extraterrestrial human outposts. In this study, we performed an RNA-seq analysis to investigate the adaptation of the legume symbiont Paraburkholderia phymatum STM815^T to simulated microgravity (s0-g) at the transcriptome level. The results revealed a drastic effect on gene expression, with roughly 23% of P. phymatum genes being differentially regulated in s0-g. Among those, 951 genes were upregulated and 858 downregulated in the cells grown in s0-g compared to terrestrial gravity (1 g). Several genes involved in posttranslational modification, protein turnover or chaperones encoding were upregulated in s0-g, while those involved in translation, ribosomal structure and biosynthesis, motility or inorganic ions transport were downregulated. Specifically, the whole phm gene cluster, previously bioinformatically predicted to be involved in the production of a hypothetical malleobactin-like siderophore, phymabactin, was 20-fold downregulated in microgravity. By constructing a mutant strain (delta phmJK) we confirmed that the phm gene cluster codes for the only siderophore secreted by P. phymatum as assessed by the complete lack of iron chelating activity of the P. phymatum delta phmJK mutant on chrome azurol S (CAS) agar plates. These results not only provide a deeper understanding of the physiology of symbiotic organisms exposed to space-like conditions, but also increase our knowledge of iron acquisition mechanisms in rhizobia.", "release_date": "2025-03-20", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-810/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Paraburkholderia phymatum" ], "material_types": [ "Cells", "Cultured" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Microgravity Simulation" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "ESA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Daphné Chad K Paula Leo Marcel Gabriella Golaz Papenfuhs Bellés-Sancho Eberl Egli Pessi" ], "publication_title": "RNA-seq analysis in simulated microgravity unveils down-regulation of the beta-rhizobial siderophore phymabactin." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-811", "osd_num": 811, "identifiers": "GLDS-693", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-811", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/811", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/811" } }, "overview": { "title": "Space microgravity increases expression of genes associated with proliferation and differentiation in human cardiac spheres", "description": "Efficient generation of cardiomyocytes from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is important for their application in basic and translational studies. Space microgravity can significantly change cell activities and function. Previously, we reported upregulation of genes associated with cardiac proliferation in cardiac progenitors derived from hiPSCs that were exposed to space microgravity for 3 days. Here we investigated the effect of long-term exposure of hiPSC-cardiac progenitors to space microgravity on global gene expression. Cryopreserved 3D hiPSC-cardiac progenitors were sent to the International Space Station (ISS) and cultured for 3 weeks under ISS microgravity and ISS 1 G conditions. RNA-sequencing analyses revealed upregulation of genes associated with cardiac differentiation, proliferation, and cardiac structure/function and downregulation of genes associated with extracellular matrix regulation in the ISS microgravity cultures compared with the ISS 1 G cultures. Gene ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes mapping identified the upregulation of biological processes, molecular function, cellular components, and pathways associated with cell cycle, cardiac differentiation, and cardiac function. Taking together, these results suggest that space microgravity has a beneficial effect on the differentiation and growth of cardiac progenitors.", "release_date": "2025-03-19", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-811/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells", "Cultured" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Altered Gravity" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Gravity", "Altered" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-20" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "CASS", "NIH", "NSF" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Hyun Antonio Parvin Dong Jordan Gene Kevin Chunhui Hwang Rampoldi Forghani Li Fite Boland Maher Xu" ], "publication_title": "Space microgravity increases expression of genes associated with proliferation and differentiation in human cardiac spheres." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-812", "osd_num": 812, "identifiers": "GLDS-694", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-812", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/812", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/812" } }, "overview": { "title": "Simulated microgravity impairs human NK cell cytotoxic activity against space radiation-relevant leukemic cells.", "description": "Natural killer (NK) cells are an important first-line of defense against malignant cells. Because of the potential for increased cancer risk from astronaut exposure to space radiation, we determined whether microgravity present during spaceflight affects the body's defenses against leukemogenesis. Human NK cells were cultured for 48 h under normal gravity and simulated microgravity (sμG), and cytotoxicity against K-562 (CML) and MOLT-4 (T-ALL) cells was measured using standard methodology or under continuous sμG. This brief exposure to sμG markedly reduced NK cytotoxicity against both leukemias, and these deleterious effects were more pronounced in continuous sμG. RNA-seq performed on NK cells from two additional healthy donors provided insight into the mechanism(s) by which sμG reduced cytotoxicity. Given our prior report of space radiation-induced human T-ALL in vivo, the reduced cytotoxicity against MOLT-4 is striking and raises the possibility that μG may increase astronaut risk of leukemogenesis during prolonged missions beyond LEO.", "release_date": "2024-08-22", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-812/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells", "Cultured" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Microgravity Simulation" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA", "NIH" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Bradford M Jonathan H Trang Kimberly D Stephen J Anthony Graça Christopher D Kuhlman Diaz Simon Reeves Walker Atala Almeida-Porada Porada" ], "publication_title": "Simulated microgravity impairs human NK cell cytotoxic activity against space radiation-relevant leukemic cells." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-813", "osd_num": 813, "identifiers": "GLDS-695", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-813", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/813", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/813" } }, "overview": { "title": "Impact of near continuous low dose rate neutron irradiation on pregnancy outcomes in mice.", "description": "The effects of galactic cosmic radiation on reproductive physiology remain largely unknown. We determined the impact of near-continuous low-dose-rate Californium-252 neutron irradiation (1 mGy/day) as a space-relevant analog on litter size and number of resorptions at embryonic day (E) 12.5 (n  equals 19 radiated dams, n  equals  20 controls) and litter size, number of resorptions, fetal growth, and placental signaling and transcriptome (RNA sequencing) at E18.5 (n  equals  21 radiated dams, n  equals  20 controls) in pregnant mice. A significantly increased early resorption rate and decreased placental weight were observed in irradiated mice. There were no statistically significant differences in litter size, fetal weight, length, or malformation rate between the groups. Near-continuous radiation had no significant effects on the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), endoplasmic reticulum stress or inflammatory signaling, rate of double-stranded DNA breaks, and had minimal effects on gene expression in the placenta. These data suggest that near-continuous, low-level galactic cosmic radiation has a limited impact on pregnancy outcomes.", "release_date": "2025-04-16", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-813/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Placenta" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Jon G Rebecca S April E Andrew Theresa L Thomas Steller Blue Ronca Goodspeed Powell Jansson" ], "publication_title": "Impact of near continuous low dose rate neutron irradiation on pregnancy outcomes in mice." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-816", "osd_num": 816, "identifiers": "GLDS-700 LSDS-136", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-816", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/816", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/816" } }, "overview": { "title": "The ex vivo human translaminar autonomous system to study spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome pathogenesis (Retina, RT-PCR and electroretinography)", "description": "Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS) is a significant unexplained adverse reaction to long-duration spaceflight. We employ an ex vivo translaminar autonomous system (TAS) to recreate a human ocular ground-based spaceflight analogue model to study SANS pathogenesis. To recapitulate the human SANS conditions, human ocular posterior segments are cultured in the TAS model for 14 days. Translaminar pressure differentials are generated by simulating various flow rates within intracranial pressure (ICP) and intraocular (IOP) chambers to maintain hydrostatic pressures of ICP: IOP (12:16, 15:16, 12:21, 21:16 mmHg). In addition, optic nerves are mechanically kinked by 6- and 10-degree tilt inserts for the ICP: IOP;15:16 mmHg pressure paradigm. The TAS model successfully maintains various pressure differentials for all experimental groups over 14 days. Post culture, we determine inflammatory and extracellular component expression changes within posterior segments. To further characterize the SANS pathogenesis, axonal transport capacity, optic nerve degeneration and retinal functional are measured. Identifiable pathogenic alterations are observed in posterior segments by morphologic, apoptotic, and inflammatory changes including transport and functional deficits under various simulated SANS conditions. Here we report our TAS model provides a unique preclinical application system to mimic SANS pathology and a viable therapeutic testing device for countermeasures. This dataset derives results from RT-PCR and electroretinography assays using retina tissue.", "release_date": "2026-07-23", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-816/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Right retina", "Left retina" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "real time PCR", "Electroretinography" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling", "Electrophysiology" ], "platforms": [ "Thermo Fisher Scientific", "OcuScience" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Treatment Pressure (ICP:IOP)", "Optic Nerve Tilt" ], "types": [ "Treatment Pressure (ICP:IOP)", "Optic Nerve Tilt" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Michael Stacy M. Yang Husain Gaurav Tasneem P. Peng Curry Liu Lohawala Sharma Sharma" ], "publication_title": "The ex vivo human translaminar autonomous system to study spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome pathogenesis" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-824", "osd_num": 824, "identifiers": "GLDS-698", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-824", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/824", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/824" } }, "overview": { "title": "Rotifers in Space: Transcriptomic Response of the bdelloid rotifer Adineta vaga aboard the International Space Station.", "description": "The biological effects of spaceflight remain incompletely understood, even in humans (Homo sapiens), and are largely unexplored in non-traditional models such as bdelloid rotifers.This study analyzes the transcriptomic changes experienced by Adineta vaga, a bdelloid rotifer aboard the International Space Station (ISS), using RNA sequencing. The aim was to investigate the overall effect of spaceflight in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) on these organisms. To this end, new hardware was developed to enable autonomous culturing of rotifers with minimal astronaut intervention. The study revealed significant transcriptomic changes, with18.61% of genes showing differential expression in response to microgravity and radiation. These changes included upregulation of genes involved in protein synthesis, RNA metabolic processes and DNA repair. Notably, the study also found a significant enrichment of foreign genes (Horizontal Gene Transfers: HGTs) among the genes that were either over- or under- expressed during spaceflight, suggesting that HGTs play a role in bdelloids’ adaptability to new and potentially atypical environments. This research not only enhances our understanding of how organisms respond to microgravity but also proposes A. vaga as a valuable model for future studies in space biology.", "release_date": "2025-11-25", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-824/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Adineta vaga" ], "material_types": [ "Whole Organism" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Space Flight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-19" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "ESA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Boris Victoria Karine Sarah Jérémy Anne-Catherine Sébastien C Hespeels Morris Van Doninck Baatout Berthe Heuskin Penninckx" ], "publication_title": "Rotifers in space: transcriptomic response of the bdelloid rotifer Adineta vaga aboard the International Space Station" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-825", "osd_num": 825, "identifiers": "GLDS-701", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-825", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/825", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/825" } }, "overview": { "title": "Evaluating sex-specific responses to western diet across the lifespan: impact on cardiac function and transcriptomic signatures in C57BL/6J mice at 530 and 640/750 days of age", "description": "Long-term consumption of Western Diet (WD) is a well-established risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, there is a paucity of studies on the long-term effects of WD on the pathophysiology of CVD and sex-specific responses. Our study aimed to investigate the sex-specific pathophysiological changes in left ventricular (LV) function using transthoracic echocardiography (ECHO) and LV tissue transcriptomics in WD-fed C57BL/6 J mice for 125 days, starting at the age of 300 through 425 days.", "release_date": "2024-07-17", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-825/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Left ventricle" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Sex", "Diet", "Age" ], "types": [ "Sex", "Diet", "age" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "David A Goukassian" ], "publication_title": "Evaluating sex-specific responses to western diet across the lifespan: impact on cardiac function and transcriptomic signatures in C57BL/6J mice at 530 and 640/750 days of age" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-832", "osd_num": 832, "identifiers": "GLDS-703", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-832", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/832", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/832" } }, "overview": { "title": "Effects of 5-Ion Beam Irradiation and Hindlimb Unloading on Metabolic Pathways in Plasma and Brain of Behaviorally Tested WAG/Rij Rats - Plasma data", "description": "A limitation of simulated space radiation studies is that radiation exposure is not the only environmental challenge astronauts face during missions. Therefore, we characterized behavioral and cognitive performance of male WAG/Rij rats 3 months after sham-irradiation or total body irradiation with a simplified 5-ion mixed beam exposure in the absence or presence of simulated weightlessness using hindlimb unloading (HU) alone. Six months following behavioral and cognitive testing or 9 months following sham-irradiation or total body irradiation, plasma and brain tissues (hippocampus and cortex) were processed to determine whether the behavioral and cognitive effects were associated with long-term alterations in metabolic pathways in plasma and brain. Sham HU, but not irradiated HU, rats were impaired in spatial habituation learning. Rats irradiated with 1.5 Gy showed increased depressive-like behaviors. This was seen in the absence but not presence of HU. Thus, HU has differential effects in sham-irradiated and irradiated animals and specific behavioral measures are associated with plasma levels of distinct metabolites 6 months later. The combined effects of HU and radiation on metabolic pathways in plasma and brain illustrate the complex interaction of environmental stressors and highlights the importance of assessing these interactions. This study contains plasma metabolomics data. The hippocampus metabolomics data are deposited in OSD-833, the cortex metabolomics data in OSD-834, and the behavioral assay data in OSD-835.", "release_date": "2025-07-17", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-832/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens", "Not Applicable", "Rattus norvegicus" ], "material_types": [ "Plasma", "Not Applicable" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry" ], "measurement_types": [ "metabolite profiling" ], "platforms": [ "TripleTOF 5600(AB Sciex)" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Hindlimb Unloading" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "Hindlimb Suspension" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jacob Sarah Reetesh Reed Breanna Marek Kristen Natalie Jennifer Ruby Scott William Jeffrey Jaewoo Amy Alexander Andy Jan Frederik Christopher M. Jeffrey S. Gerd John Raber Holden Sudhakar Hall Glaeser Lenarczyk Rockwell Nawarawong Sterrett Perez Leonard Morré Choi Kronenberg Borg Kwok Stevens Olsen Willey Bobe Baker" ], "publication_title": "Effects of 5-Ion Beam Irradiation and Hindlimb Unloading on Metabolic Pathways in Plasma and Brain of Behaviorally Tested WAG/Rij Rats" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-833", "osd_num": 833, "identifiers": "GLDS-704", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-833", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/833", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/833" } }, "overview": { "title": "Effects of 5-Ion Beam Irradiation and Hindlimb Unloading on Metabolic Pathways in Plasma and Brain of Behaviorally Tested WAG/Rij Rats - Hippocampus data", "description": "A limitation of simulated space radiation studies is that radiation exposure is not the only environmental challenge astronauts face during missions. Therefore, we characterized behavioral and cognitive performance of male WAG/Rij rats 3 months after sham-irradiation or total body irradiation with a simplified 5-ion mixed beam exposure in the absence or presence of simulated weightlessness using hindlimb unloading (HU) alone. Six months following behavioral and cognitive testing or 9 months following sham-irradiation or total body irradiation, plasma and brain tissues (hippocampus and cortex) were processed to determine whether the behavioral and cognitive effects were associated with long-term alterations in metabolic pathways in plasma and brain. Sham HU, but not irradiated HU, rats were impaired in spatial habituation learning. Rats irradiated with 1.5 Gy showed increased depressive-like behaviors. This was seen in the absence but not presence of HU. Thus, HU has differential effects in sham-irradiated and irradiated animals and specific behavioral measures are associated with plasma levels of distinct metabolites 6 months later. The combined effects of HU and radiation on metabolic pathways in plasma and brain illustrate the complex interaction of environmental stressors and highlights the importance of assessing these interactions. This study contains hippocampus metabolomics data. The plasma metabolomics data are deposited in OSD-832, the cortex metabolomics data in OSD-834, and the behavioral assay data in OSD-835.", "release_date": "2025-07-17", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-833/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens", "Not Applicable", "Rattus norvegicus" ], "material_types": [ "Plasma", "Cortex", "Hippocampus and Cortex", "Hippocampus", "Not Applicable" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry" ], "measurement_types": [ "metabolite profiling" ], "platforms": [ "TripleTOF 5600(AB Sciex)" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Hindlimb Unloading" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "Hindlimb Suspension" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jacob Sarah Reetesh Reed Breanna Marek Kristen Natalie Jennifer Ruby Scott William Jeffrey Jaewoo Amy Alexander Andy Jan Frederik Christopher M. Jeffrey S. Gerd John Raber Holden Sudhakar Hall Glaeser Lenarczyk Rockwell Nawarawong Sterrett Perez Leonard Morré Choi Kronenberg Borg Kwok Stevens Olsen Willey Bobe Baker" ], "publication_title": "Effects of 5-Ion Beam Irradiation and Hindlimb Unloading on Metabolic Pathways in Plasma and Brain of Behaviorally Tested WAG/Rij Rats" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-834", "osd_num": 834, "identifiers": "GLDS-705", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-834", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/834", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/834" } }, "overview": { "title": "Effects of 5-Ion Beam Irradiation and Hindlimb Unloading on Metabolic Pathways in Plasma and Brain of Behaviorally Tested WAG/Rij Rats - Cortex data", "description": "A limitation of simulated space radiation studies is that radiation exposure is not the only environmental challenge astronauts face during missions. Therefore, we characterized behavioral and cognitive performance of male WAG/Rij rats 3 months after sham irradiation or total body irradiation with a simplified 5-ion mixed beam exposure in the absence or presence of simulated weightlessness using hindlimb unloading (HU) alone. Six months following behavioral and cognitive testing or 9 months following sham-irradiation or total body irradiation, plasma and brain tissues (hippocampus and cortex) were processed to determine whether the behavioral and cognitive effects were associated with long-term alterations in metabolic pathways in plasma and brain. Sham HU, but not irradiated HU, rats were impaired in spatial habituation learning. Rats irradiated with 1.5 Gy showed increased depressive-like behaviors. This was seen in the absence but not presence of HU. Thus, HU has differential effects in sham irradiated and irradiated animals and specific behavioral measures are associated with plasma levels of distinct metabolites 6 months later. The combined effects of HU and radiation on metabolic pathways in plasma and brain illustrate the complex interaction of environmental stressors and highlights the importance of assessing these interactions. This study contains cortex metabolomics data. The plasma metabolomics data are deposited in OSD-832, the hippocampus metabolomics data in OSD-833, and the behavioral assay data in OSD-835.", "release_date": "2025-07-17", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-834/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens", "Not Applicable", "Rattus norvegicus" ], "material_types": [ "Plasma", "Cortex", "Hippocampus and Cortex", "Hippocampus", "Not Applicable" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry" ], "measurement_types": [ "metabolite profiling" ], "platforms": [ "TripleTOF 5600(AB Sciex)" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Hindlimb Unloading" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "Hindlimb Suspension" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Jacob Sarah Reetesh Reed Breanna Marek Kristen Natalie Jennifer Ruby Scott William Jeffrey Jaewoo Amy Alexander Andy Jan Frederik Christopher M. Jeffrey S. Gerd John Raber Holden Sudhakar Hall Glaeser Lenarczyk Rockwell Nawarawong Sterrett Perez Leonard Morré Choi Kronenberg Borg Kwok Stevens Olsen Willey Bobe Baker" ], "publication_title": "Effects of 5-Ion Beam Irradiation and Hindlimb Unloading on Metabolic Pathways in Plasma and Brain of Behaviorally Tested WAG/Rij Rats" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-863", "osd_num": 863, "identifiers": "GLDS-716", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-863", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/863", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/863" } }, "overview": { "title": "Effects of microgravity on human iPSC-derived neural organoids on the International Space Station - cortical organoids", "description": "Research conducted on the International Space Station (ISS) in low-Earth orbit (LEO) has shown the effects of microgravity on multiple organs. To investigate the effects of microgravity on the central nervous system, we developed a unique organoid strategy for modeling specific regions of the brain that are affected by neurodegenerative diseases. We generated 3-dimensional human neural organoids from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from individuals affected by primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) or Parkinson's disease (PD) and non-symptomatic controls, by differentiating them toward cortical and dopaminergic fates, respectively, and combined them with isogenic microglia. The organoids were cultured for a month using a novel sealed cryovial culture method on the International Space Station (ISS) and a parallel set that remained on Earth. Live samples were returned to Earth for analysis by RNA expression and histology and were attached to culture dishes to enable neurite outgrowth. Our results show that both cortical and dopaminergic organoids cultured in LEO had lower levels of genes associated with cell proliferation and higher levels of maturation-associated genes, suggesting that the cells matured more quickly in LEO. This study is continuing with several more missions in order to understand the mechanisms underlying accelerated maturation and to investigate other neurological diseases. Our goal is to make use of the opportunity to study neural cells in LEO to better understand and treat neurodegenerative disease on Earth and to help ameliorate potentially adverse neurological effects of space travel. This study hosts data from cortical organoids. Data for the dopaminergic organoids is available under OSD-871.", "release_date": "2024-08-14", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-863/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells", "Cultured" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Co-culture", "Donor Medical History" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Co-culture", "Donor Medical History" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-19" ], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Jeanne Scott Davide Laraib Lilianne Madhura Jason Nicolette Ilya Twyman Jana Paula Scott A Valentina F. Allen Loring Noggle Marotta Ijaz Barbar Nijsure Stein Pirjanian Kruglikov Clements Stoudemire Grisanti Noggle Fossati" ], "publication_title": "Effects of microgravity on human iPSC-derived neural organoids on the International Space Station." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-867", "osd_num": 867, "identifiers": "GLDS-719", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-867", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/867", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/867" } }, "overview": { "title": "Impact of spaceflight on gene expression in cultured human mesenchymal stem/stromal cell", "description": "With technological advancements, human's desire to explore space is growing and more people are staying longer at the international space station (ISS). The impact of microgravity on stem cells (SC) is not fully understood. We explored the impact of microgravity on gene expression profile of cultured mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) at the ISS. We also evaluated how the new knowledge gained sheds light on our understanding of human physiology on Earth. Primary cultures of MSCs were expanded at the ISS for 1 or 2 weeks and mRNA was isolated from samples of the cultured cells. Gene expression profiles were determined and compared with samples from real-time ground control cultures. Differential gene expression, gene set enrichment analysis and determination of key genes were performed that revealed for the first time the existence of potential 'master regulators' coordinating a systemic response to microgravity. Cyclin D1 (CCND1), a protein-coding gene that regulates cell cycle progression and CDK kinases, was identified as the most connected regulator at week 1. Further analysis showed the impacted genes from cultured MSCs significantly correlated with known gene pathways associated with cell division, chromosomal segregation and nuclear division, extracellular matrix structure and organization, muscle apoptosis and differentiation. This study exemplifies the utility of space research to advance our understanding of human physiology both on Earth and in space. To investigate the effects of microgravity on MSC growth and understand the differences in gene expression profiles between microgravity and ground control environments, two groups of MSC were sent to the ISS. One group was cultured for one week, while the other was cultured for two weeks, with corresponding control groups processed similarly on Earth. The cells were then preserved and transferred back to the laboratory. Further Gene expression profiles were compared between samples to identify differentially expressed genes.", "release_date": "2025-03-19", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-867/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells", "Cultured" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Time" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-10" ], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Peng Bryan T Yesesri Yan W Abba C Huang Piatkowski Cherukuri Asmann Zubair" ], "publication_title": "Impact of spaceflight on gene expression in cultured human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-871", "osd_num": 871, "identifiers": "GLDS-720", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-871", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/871", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/871" } }, "overview": { "title": "Effects of microgravity on human iPSC-derived neural organoids on the International Space Station - dopaminergic organoids", "description": "Research conducted on the International Space Station (ISS) in low-Earth orbit (LEO) has shown the effects of microgravity on multiple organs. To investigate the effects of microgravity on the central nervous system, we developed a unique organoid strategy for modeling specific regions of the brain that are affected by neurodegenerative diseases. We generated 3-dimensional human neural organoids from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from individuals affected by primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) or Parkinson's disease (PD) and non-symptomatic controls, by differentiating them toward cortical and dopaminergic fates, respectively, and combined them with isogenic microglia. The organoids were cultured for a month using a novel sealed cryovial culture method on the International Space Station (ISS) and a parallel set that remained on Earth. Live samples were returned to Earth for analysis by RNA expression and histology and were attached to culture dishes to enable neurite outgrowth. Our results show that both cortical and dopaminergic organoids cultured in LEO had lower levels of genes associated with cell proliferation and higher levels of maturation-associated genes, suggesting that the cells matured more quickly in LEO. This study is continuing with several more missions in order to understand the mechanisms underlying accelerated maturation and to investigate other neurological diseases. Our goal is to make use of the opportunity to study neural cells in LEO to better understand and treat neurodegenerative disease on Earth and to help ameliorate potentially adverse neurological effects of space travel. This study hosts data from dopaminergic organoids. Data for the cortical organoids is available under OSD-863.", "release_date": "2024-08-14", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-871/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells", "Cultured" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Donor Medical History", "Co-culture" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Donor Medical History", "Co-culture" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-19" ], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Jeanne Scott Davide Laraib Lilianne Madhura Jason Nicolette Ilya Twyman Jana Paula Scott A Valentina F. Allen Loring Noggle Marotta Ijaz Barbar Nijsure Stein Pirjanian Kruglikov Clements Stoudemire Grisanti Noggle Fossati" ], "publication_title": "Effects of microgravity on human iPSC-derived neural organoids on the International Space Station." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-876", "osd_num": 876, "identifiers": "GLDS-722", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-876", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/876", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/876" } }, "overview": { "title": "Zfp697 is an RNA-binding protein that regulates skeletal muscle inflammation and remodeling", "description": "To investigate the molecular mechanisms governing the transition of skeletal muscle from atrophy to compensatory regeneration and hypertrophy, we employed a mouse model involving hindlimb unloading and subsequent reloading, conducting a comprehensive analysis of global gene expression using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). Gastrocnemius muscle samples were obtained from three groups: control mice, mice subjected to 10 days of hindlimb unloading-induced muscle atrophy, and mice reintroduced to normal cage activity for 1 day following the unloading period (reloading). Comparative gene expression profiling analysis of RNA-seq data for mouse gastrocnemius muscle from model of hindlimb unloading/reloading assessing transitions from atrophy to compensatory regeneration and hypertrophy. Control mice were kept in conventional cages throughout the entire protocol. Experiment was performed in replicates (Control n equals 4, Unloading n equals 2, Reloading n equals 3). Paired-end DNA libraries were prepared using Illumina TrueSeq and sequenced on Illumina HiSeq2000.", "release_date": "2023-07-16", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-876/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Gastrocnemius" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Hindlimb Unloading" ], "types": [ "Hindlimb Suspension" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Jorge C. Paulo R. Maya L. Igor Serge Stine M. José M. Kyle D. Zhengye Qishan Daniel Olof Paul Håkan Tomas Marius Sigitas Johanna T. Ana I. Gene W. Jorge L. Correia Jannig Gosztyla Cervenka Ducommun Præstholm Dias Dumont Liu Liang Edsgärd Emanuelsson Gregorevic Westerblad Venckunas Brazaitis Kamandulis Lanner Teixeira Yeo Ruas" ], "publication_title": "Zfp697 is an RNA-binding protein that regulates skeletal muscle inflammation and remodeling" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-880", "osd_num": 880, "identifiers": "GLDS-724", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-880", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/880", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/880" } }, "overview": { "title": "Zfp697 is an RNA-binding protein that regulates skeletal muscle inflammation and remodeling - Zfp697 skeletal muscle knockout RNA-Seq of unloading-reloading protocol", "description": "Muscle atrophy is a morbidity and mortality risk factor that happens with disuse, chronic disease, and ageing. Recovery from atrophy involves changes in protein synthesis and different cell types such as muscle fibers, and satellite and immune cells. Here we show that the previously uncharacterized gene and protein Zfp697 is a damage-induced regulator of muscle regeneration. Zfp697/ZNF697 expression is transiently elevated during recovery from muscle atrophy or injury in mice and humans. Sustained Zfp697 expression in mouse muscle leads to a gene expression signature of chemokine secretion, immune cell recruitment, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Myofiber-specific Zfp697 ablation hinders the inflammatory and regenerative response to muscle injury, compromising functional recovery. We uncover Zfp697 as an essential mediator of the interferon gamma response in muscle cells that functions primarily as an ncRNA-binding protein, most notably the pro-regenerative miR-206. This work identifies Zfp697 as an integrator of cell-cell communication necessary for tissue regeneration. Overall design: Comparative gene expression profiling analysis of RNA-seq data for mouse gastrocnemius muscle from model of hindlimb unloading/reloading comparing wild-type and Zfp697 conditional skeletal muscle knockout (mKO) animals. Control mice were kept in conventional cages throughout the entire protocol. Experiment was performed in three replicates per condition.", "release_date": "2024-07-30", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-880/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Gastrocnemius" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Hindlimb Unloading", "Genotype" ], "types": [ "Hindlimb Suspension", "Genotype" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Jorge C. Paulo R. Maya L. Igor Serge Stine M. José M. Kyle D. Zhengye Qishan Daniel Olof Paul Håkan Tomas Marius Sigitas Johanna T. Ana I. Gene W. Jorge L. Correia Jannig Gosztyla Cervenka Ducommun Præstholm Dias Dumont Liu Liang Edsgärd Emanuelsson Gregorevic Westerblad Venckunas Brazaitis Kamandulis Lanner Teixeira Yeo Ruas" ], "publication_title": "Zfp697 is an RNA-binding protein that regulates skeletal muscle inflammation and remodeling (Zfp697 skeletal muscle knockout RNA-Seq of unloading-reloading protocol)" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-881", "osd_num": 881, "identifiers": "GLDS-725", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-881", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/881", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/881" } }, "overview": { "title": "Life long effects of radiation and high fat diet on the mouse right ventricular tissue", "description": "We studied the long-term effects of single whole-body gamma and simulated GCR irradiation (IR) and consumption of a Western Diet (WD) on the heart's right ventricle (RV). Three-month-old C57Bl/6J wild-type male and female mice were assigned to the following groups: 1) Gamma-irradiated with follow-up at 440(males and females) and 660(males)/550(females) days post-IR; 2) simGCRsim-irradiated with follow-up at 440(males and females) and 660(males)/550(females) days post-IR; 3) 270-days WD-fed animals with followup at 530 (males and females) and 750(males)/640(females). Control groups consisted of non-irradiated (non-IR) mice and normal diet-fed mice. Control groups were followed up similarly to the treatment groups.", "release_date": "2025-06-25", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-881/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Right ventricle" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Sex", "Ionizing Radiation", "Diet", "Age at Sample Collection" ], "types": [ "Sex", "ionizing radiation", "Diet", "Age at Sample Collection" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "David A. Goukassian" ], "publication_title": "The effects of space radiation on the transcriptome of heart right ventricle tissue" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-888", "osd_num": 888, "identifiers": "GLDS-726", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-888", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/888", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/888" } }, "overview": { "title": "Germline transmission of cryopreserved mouse spermatogonial stem cells maintained on the International Space Station", "description": "Despite growing interest in space exploration, the effects of spaceflight on stem cells remain largely unknown. Damages to germline cells are especially crucial, as spaceflight poses risks to gametogenesis, with abnormalities observed in multiple species. While embryonic stem (ES) cells show genomic instability after space exposure and have not yet produced offspring, this study demonstrates successful offspring production from cryopreserved mouse spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) stored on the International Space Station for 6 months. Spaceflight did not increase apoptosis or DNA damage in SSCs. After thawing, SSCs proliferated comparably to those cryopreserved on Earth, showing no significant phenotypic or functional differences. Offspring were produced via spermatogonial transplantation followed by natural mating. Since SSCs from many species can be cryopreserved like somatic cells and still produce sperm, they offer a promising resource for germline preservation during space exploration.", "release_date": "2025-08-12", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-888/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Cells", "Cultured" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "Reduced-Representation Bisulfite Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "DNA methylation profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-26 SpaceX-25" ], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "JAXA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Mito Takuya Yusuke Hiroko Tianjiao Tohru Tomokazu Takashi Kanatsu-Shinohara Yamamoto Shiromoto Morimoto Liu Yamamori Yamasaki Shinohara" ], "publication_title": "Germline transmission of cryopreserved mouse spermatogonial stem cells maintained on the International Space Station" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-890", "osd_num": 890, "identifiers": "GLDS-767", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-890", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/890", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/890" } }, "overview": { "title": "Planetary Protection Low Biomass Nanopore Pilot Study", "description": "Sequencing optimization experiments using different Oxford Nanopore Technology library preparation methods and input DNA values to determine best method for low-biomass sequencing. This pilot study serves as a technical assessment of wet and dry lab methods for processing and analysis of future NASA cleanroom samples. Microbial standards of known composition were used as input DNA. Data from 4 experiments are provided. The NBD (Native Barcode Kit) experiment utilized the Nanopore Rapid PCR Barcoding Kit 24 V14 and tested nanogram-level input amounts (5ng and 11ng). The three Rapid experiments utilized the Nanopore Rapid PCR Barcoding Kit 24 V14 and tested different input amounts and spike-ins. Rapid1 tested low input amounts (100pg and 500pg), Rapid2 tested ultra-low input amounts (1pg and 10pg), and Rapid3 tested ultra-low input amounts (5pg and 10pg) with and without lambda spike-in. Different data processing pipelines were tested with each set of experimental data as described below. Data from each of the 3 Rapid experiments were processed using 4 different tool combinations for read- and assembly-based processing protocols. The following shows the 4 different combinations tested for the read-based processing approach: Tool combination number, tool used to removed contaminants (blank reads), tool used to remove human reads, tool used for taxonomy assignments, output file suffixes used Test1, Minimap2, Kraken2, Kaiju, “_kraken2-kaiju”, Test2, Minimap2, Kraken2, Kraken2, “_kraken2-kraken2”, Test3, Chopper, Chopper, Kaiju, “_chopper-kaiju”, Test4, Chopper, Chopper, Kraken2, “_chopper-kraken2”. The following shows the 4 different combinations tested for the assembly-based processing approach: Tool combination number, tool used to removed contaminants (blank reads), tool used to remove human reads, tool used for assembly polishing, output file suffixes used: Test1, Minimap2, Kraken2, Medaka, “_kraken2-medaka”, Test2, Minimap2, Kraken2, Minimap2+racon, “_kraken2-racon”, Test3, Chopper, Chopper, Medaka, “_chopper- medaka”, Test4, Chopper, Chopper, Minimap2+racon, “_chopper- racon”. Data from the NBD experiment was processed using 16 different approaches to test different tool combinations, different order of contaminant and human read removal steps, and to test differences in assembling blank reads or not before removing them. Each of the 4 different tool combinations for read- and assembly-based processing protocols described for the Rapid experiments were tested with the NBD data using either unassembled or assembled blank reads, making up 8 different approaches. Those 8 approaches were tested with removing blank reads first followed by human read removal or removing human reads first followed by blank read removal, totaling 16 approaches. The 16 different approaches and respective output file prefixes are detailed in the README.txt file associated with the NBD assay table.", "release_date": "2026-01-07", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-890/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Not Applicable", "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [ "DNA", "Not Applicable" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "long read low-biomass DNA Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "Metagenomic sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Oxford Nanopore Technologies" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Organism Distribution", "Input DNA Mass", "Lambda Spike-In" ], "types": [ "Organism Distribution", "Input DNA Mass", "Lambda Spike-In" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)", "people": [ "Lisa Guan" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-899", "osd_num": 899, "identifiers": "GLDS-728", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-899", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/899", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/899" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional profiling of cecum from mice flown on the RR-10 mission", "description": "The objective of the Rodent Research-10 mission (RR-10) was to investigate how spaceflight affects the cellular and molecular mechanisms of normal bone tissue regeneration in space. To this end, ten (10) 14-15 weeks-old female B6129SF2/J Wild Type (WT), and ten (10) 14-15 weeks-old female B6;129S2-Cdkn1atm1Tyj/J (p21-null) mice received a pre-flight subcutaneous injection of the bone marker (Alizarin Red), and were then delivered to the ISS aboard SpaceX-21. At 7 days before euthanasia, all 20 mice received an intraperitoneal (IP) injection with a bone formation marker (Calcein). At 48 +/- 2 hours before euthanasia, all 20 mice received an IP injection with a second dose of Calcein as well as a cell proliferation marker (BrdU). Then, following 28-29 days in microgravity, the Flight mice were euthanized. Following removal of hindlimbs, carcasses were wrapped in aluminum foil, preserved in the CryoChiller, and stored at -80 C or colder until return to Earth. In addition to the Flight group, three ground control groups were also part of the study: Basal (representing the pre-launch state), Vivarium (standard vivarium housing for the same duration of time as flight), and Ground (flight habitat in the International Space Station Environment Simulator, ISSES). Twenty mice (10 of each strain) were included in each of these control groups (except Vivarium which included 12 of each strain). These were treated, euthanized and processed on the same schedule and in the same manner as the flight samples. This study includes bulk RNA sequencing ribodepleted gene expression data from the cecum of 20 Basal animals (10 WT and 10 p21-null), 10 Flight animals (5 WT and 5 p21-null), 10 Ground animals (5 WT and 5 p21-null), and 24 Vivarium animals (12 WT and 12 p21-null).", "release_date": "2025-12-05", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-899/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Cecum" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Genotype" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Genotype" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-21" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "San Huei Amanda Samrawit Danielle Xiaojing Valery Kristen Barbara Alec Alexis Jihan M Lai Polo Saravia-Butler Gebre Lopez Dai Stanylov Peach Novak Vallota-Eastman Torres Yehia" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-900", "osd_num": 900, "identifiers": "GLDS-729", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-900", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/900", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/900" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional profiling of lungs from mice flown on the RR-10 mission", "description": "The objective of the Rodent Research-10 mission (RR-10) was to investigate how spaceflight affects the cellular and molecular mechanisms of normal bone tissue regeneration in space. To this end, ten (10) 14-15 weeks-old female B6129SF2/J Wild Type (WT), and ten (10) 14-15 weeks-old female B6;129S2-Cdkn1atm1Tyj/J (p21-null) mice received a pre-flight subcutaneous injection of the bone marker (Alizarin Red), and were then delivered to the ISS aboard SpaceX-21. At 7 days before euthanasia, all 20 mice received an intraperitoneal (IP) injection with a bone formation marker (Calcein). At 48 +/- 2 hours before euthanasia, all 20 mice received an IP injection with a second dose of Calcein as well as a cell proliferation marker (BrdU). Then, following 28-29 days in microgravity, the Flight mice were euthanized. Following removal of hindlimbs, carcasses were wrapped in aluminum foil, preserved in the CryoChiller, and stored at -80 C or colder until return to Earth. In addition to the Flight group, three ground control groups were also part of the study: Basal (representing the pre-launch state), Vivarium (standard vivarium housing for the same duration of time as flight), and Ground (flight habitat in the International Space Station Environment Simulator, ISSES). Twenty mice (10 of each strain) were included in each of these control groups (except Vivarium which included 12 of each strain). These were treated, euthanized and processed on the same schedule and in the same manner as the flight samples. This study includes bulk RNA sequencing ribodepleted gene expression data from the lungs of 12 Basal animals (6 WT and 6 p21-null), 10 Flight animals (5 WT and 5 p21-null), 10 Ground animals (5 WT and 5 p21-null), and 10 Vivarium animals (5 WT and 5 p21-null).", "release_date": "2025-11-05", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-900/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Right Lung" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Genotype" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Genotype" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-21" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "San Huei Amanda Samrawit Danielle Marie Alec Barbara Alexis Jihan M T Lai Polo Saravia-Butler Gebre Lopez Dinh Vallota-Eastman Novak Torres Yehia" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-901", "osd_num": 901, "identifiers": "GLDS-730", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-901", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/901", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/901" } }, "overview": { "title": "Expression data from cultured mouse spermatogonia cryopreserved on the International Space Station (ISS) or on Earth", "description": "Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) undergo self-renewal division to maintain spermatogenesis. In this study, we used SSCs for long-term cryopreservation in space flight. We derived germline stem cell (GS) cultures from DBA/2 mouse testes by supplementing GDNF and FGF2 (Kanatsu-Shinohara et al., 2003, Biol. Reprod. 69, 216-616). GS cells were cryopreserved in the ISS for 6 months. Frozen GS cells were thawed upon return to Earth and their gene expression profiles were analysed.", "release_date": "2025-08-15", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-901/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Cells", "Cultured" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-25 SpaceX-26" ], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "JAXA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Mito Takuya Yusuke Hiroko Tianjiao Tohru Tomokazu Takashi Kanatsu-Shinohara Yamamoto Shiromoto Morimoto Liu Yamamori Yamasaki Shinohara" ], "publication_title": "Expression data from cultured mouse spermatogonia cryopreserved on the International Space Station (ISS) or on Earth" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-903", "osd_num": 903, "identifiers": "GLDS-732", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-903", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/903", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/903" } }, "overview": { "title": "Longitudinal transcriptomic and epigenetic analysis in astronauts reveals dynamic immune response to spaceflight [RNA-seq]", "description": "The space industry has made significant strides, leading to an era of commercial spaceflight. Meanwhile, understanding molecular responses to spaceflight is crucial for astronauts' safety. To this end, we examined transcriptomic and epigenetic changes in two astronauts' blood samples at three timepoints: two weeks before spaceflight (T0), 24 hours after spaceflight (T2), and three months after spaceflight (T3). Transcriptomic analysis identified two gene clusters with opposing transient expression trends post-flight (T2), normalized at T3: one upregulated and the other downregulated. Mapped immune cell types through the CIBERSORT coupled with the pathway analysis suggested monocytes' role in coordinated cellular response. Epigenetic analysis identified four methylation patterns with transient and persistent changes post-flight, enriched in nervous system development and cell apoptosis pathways. Methylation changes implicated genes associated with bone disorders, including FBLIM1, IHH, and SCAMP2. eQTM analysis suggested a link between RNA transcriptional level and DNA methylation through transcriptional regulator ZNF684. In conclusion, our study revealed significant short-term transcriptional and methylation changes as well as long-term methylation changes. This study hosts the RNAseq dataset. DNA methylation dataset can be found in OSD-943.", "release_date": "2025-07-30", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-903/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Whole Blood" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Time", "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "time", "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "AX-1" ], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Xiang Marc Juan P Francesca Marie Lorenna Mohamad Pablo Luda Ao Parisien Cata Montagna Vigouroux Oliveira Fernandes de Araujo Karaky Ingelmo Diatchenko" ], "publication_title": "Longitudinal transcriptomic and epigenetic analysis of the blood in two astronauts." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-904", "osd_num": 904, "identifiers": "GLDS-738", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-904", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/904", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/904" } }, "overview": { "title": "MicroRNAs shape mouse age-independent tissue adaptation to spaceflight via ECM and developmental pathways - Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue (SCAT) data", "description": "As human space exploration accelerates, understanding the organism-wide molecular effects of longer spaceflight in mammals becomes increasingly critical. Non-coding RNAs like miRNAs are key to regulating this landscape. We thus analyzed 686 small RNA samples of mice from 13 solid organs at 3 and 8 months of age, after at least 3 weeks on the ISS and compared them to earth-bound controls. We observed significant spaceflight effects in systemic tissue remodeling pathways along the Fat-Liver-Pancreas axis and in heart, brain, spleen and thymus. The MIR-17/92 and MIR-1/133 families drive distinct molecular changes through specific gene targeting. Age-dependent changes, smaller in magnitude compared to age-independent changes, primarily involved tissue remodeling through MIR-8, MIR-154 and MIR-15 families in MAT, pancreas, and diaphragm. Our findings provide evidence on how spaceflight regulates mammalian gene expression in preparation for interplanetary spaceflight. We sequenced 686 samples across 13 organs of young (3 months) and middle-aged (8 months) mice that were sent to the ISS (Flight). We compared them against mice living in standard conditions (Vivarium Ground Control) and mice living in an environment matched to ISS conditions (Habitat Ground Control). We euthanized mice at two time-points (matching timelines for controls and flight mice), one before returning to earth (TERM) and one after (LAR) in order to distinguish spaceflight-induced effects from the reentry-induced stress.", "release_date": "2026-02-13", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-904/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "subcutaneous adipose tissue" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "miRNA Sequencing", "single-cell RNA sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "BGISEQ-500", "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Euthanasia Location", "Dissection Condition", "Age" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Euthanasia Location", "Dissection Condition", "Age" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-16" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Friederike Andreas Grandke Keller" ], "publication_title": "MiRNAs shape mouse age-independent tissue adaptation to spaceflight via ECM and developmental pathways." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-905", "osd_num": 905, "identifiers": "GLDS-739", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-905", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/905", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/905" } }, "overview": { "title": "MicroRNAs shape mouse age-independent tissue adaptation to spaceflight via ECM and developmental pathways - Liver data", "description": "As human space exploration accelerates, understanding the organism-wide molecular effects of longer spaceflight in mammals becomes increasingly critical. Non-coding RNAs like miRNAs are key to regulating this landscape. We thus analyzed 686 small RNA samples of mice from 13 solid organs at 3 and 8 months of age, after at least 3 weeks on the ISS and compared them to earth-bound controls. We observed significant spaceflight effects in systemic tissue remodeling pathways along the Fat-Liver-Pancreas axis and in heart, brain, spleen and thymus. The MIR-17/92 and MIR-1/133 families drive distinct molecular changes through specific gene targeting. Age-dependent changes, smaller in magnitude compared to age-independent changes, primarily involved tissue remodeling through MIR-8, MIR-154 and MIR-15 families in MAT, pancreas, and diaphragm. Our findings provide evidence on how spaceflight regulates mammalian gene expression in preparation for interplanetary spaceflight. We sequenced 686 samples across 13 organs of young (3 months) and middle-aged (8 months) mice that were sent to the ISS (Flight). We compared them against mice living in standard conditions (Vivarium Ground Control) and mice living in an environment matched to ISS conditions (Habitat Ground Control). We euthanized mice at two time-points (matching timelines for controls and flight mice), one before returning to earth (TERM) and one after (LAR) in order to distinguish spaceflight-induced effects from the reentry-induced stress.", "release_date": "2026-02-13", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-905/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Liver" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "miRNA Sequencing", "single-cell RNA sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "BGISEQ-500", "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Dissection Condition", "Euthanasia Location", "Age", "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Dissection Condition", "Euthanasia Location", "Age", "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-16" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Friederike Andreas Grandke Keller" ], "publication_title": "MiRNAs shape mouse age-independent tissue adaptation to spaceflight via ECM and developmental pathways" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-906", "osd_num": 906, "identifiers": "GLDS-740", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-906", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/906", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/906" } }, "overview": { "title": "MicroRNAs shape mouse age-independent tissue adaptation to spaceflight via ECM and developmental pathways - brown adipose tissue (BAT) data", "description": "As human space exploration accelerates, understanding the organism-wide molecular effects of longer spaceflight in mammals becomes increasingly critical. Non-coding RNAs like miRNAs are key to regulating this landscape. We thus analyzed 686 small RNA samples of mice from 13 solid organs at 3 and 8 months of age, after at least 3 weeks on the ISS and compared them to earth-bound controls. We observed significant spaceflight effects in systemic tissue remodeling pathways along the Fat-Liver-Pancreas axis and in heart, brain, spleen and thymus. The MIR-17/92 and MIR-1/133 families drive distinct molecular changes through specific gene targeting. Age-dependent changes, smaller in magnitude compared to age-independent changes, primarily involved tissue remodeling through MIR-8, MIR-154 and MIR-15 families in MAT, pancreas, and diaphragm. Our findings provide evidence on how spaceflight regulates mammalian gene expression in preparation for interplanetary spaceflight. We sequenced 686 samples across 13 organs of young (3 months) and middle-aged (8 months) mice that were sent to the ISS (Flight). We compared them against mice living in standard conditions (Vivarium Ground Control) and mice living in an environment matched to ISS conditions (Habitat Ground Control). We euthanized mice at two time-points (matching timelines for controls and flight mice), one before returning to earth (TERM) and one after (LAR) in order to distinguish spaceflight-induced effects from the reentry-induced stress.", "release_date": "2026-02-13", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-906/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Brown Adipose Tissue" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "miRNA Sequencing", "single-cell RNA sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "BGISEQ-500", "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Age", "Dissection Condition", "Spaceflight", "Euthanasia Location" ], "types": [ "Age", "Dissection Condition", "Space Flight", "Euthanasia Location" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-16" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Friederike Andreas Grandke Keller" ], "publication_title": "MiRNAs shape mouse age-independent tissue adaptation to spaceflight via ECM and developmental pathways." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-907", "osd_num": 907, "identifiers": "GLDS-741", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-907", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/907", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/907" } }, "overview": { "title": "MicroRNAs shape mouse age-independent tissue adaptation to spaceflight via ECM and developmental pathways - Thymus data", "description": "As human space exploration accelerates, understanding the organism-wide molecular effects of longer spaceflight in mammals becomes increasingly critical. Non-coding RNAs like miRNAs are key to regulating this landscape. We thus analyzed 686 small RNA samples of mice from 13 solid organs at 3 and 8 months of age, after at least 3 weeks on the ISS and compared them to earth-bound controls. We observed significant spaceflight effects in systemic tissue remodeling pathways along the Fat-Liver-Pancreas axis and in heart, brain, spleen and thymus. The MIR-17/92 and MIR-1/133 families drive distinct molecular changes through specific gene targeting. Age-dependent changes, smaller in magnitude compared to age-independent changes, primarily involved tissue remodeling through MIR-8, MIR-154 and MIR-15 families in MAT, pancreas, and diaphragm. Our findings provide evidence on how spaceflight regulates mammalian gene expression in preparation for interplanetary spaceflight. We sequenced 686 samples across 13 organs of young (3 months) and middle-aged (8 months) mice that were sent to the ISS (Flight). We compared them against mice living in standard conditions (Vivarium Ground Control) and mice living in an environment matched to ISS conditions (Habitat Ground Control). We euthanized mice at two time-points (matching timelines for controls and flight mice), one before returning to earth (TERM) and one after (LAR) in order to distinguish spaceflight-induced effects from the reentry-induced stress.", "release_date": "2026-02-13", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-907/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "thymus" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "miRNA Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "BGISEQ-500" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Age", "Spaceflight", "Dissection Condition", "Euthanasia Location" ], "types": [ "Age", "Space Flight", "Dissection Condition", "Euthanasia Location" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-16" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Friederike Andreas Grandke Keller" ], "publication_title": "MiRNAs shape mouse age-independent tissue adaptation to spaceflight via ECM and developmental pathways." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-908", "osd_num": 908, "identifiers": "GLDS-742", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-908", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/908", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/908" } }, "overview": { "title": "MicroRNAs shape mouse age-independent tissue adaptation to spaceflight via ECM and developmental pathways - Heart data", "description": "As human space exploration accelerates, understanding the organism-wide molecular effects of longer spaceflight in mammals becomes increasingly critical. Non-coding RNAs like miRNAs are key to regulating this landscape. We thus analyzed 686 small RNA samples of mice from 13 solid organs at 3 and 8 months of age, after at least 3 weeks on the ISS and compared them to earth-bound controls. We observed significant spaceflight effects in systemic tissue remodeling pathways along the Fat-Liver-Pancreas axis and in heart, brain, spleen and thymus. The MIR-17/92 and MIR-1/133 families drive distinct molecular changes through specific gene targeting. Age-dependent changes, smaller in magnitude compared to age-independent changes, primarily involved tissue remodeling through MIR-8, MIR-154 and MIR-15 families in MAT, pancreas, and diaphragm. Our findings provide evidence on how spaceflight regulates mammalian gene expression in preparation for interplanetary spaceflight. We sequenced 686 samples across 13 organs of young (3 months) and middle-aged (8 months) mice that were sent to the ISS (Flight). We compared them against mice living in standard conditions (Vivarium Ground Control) and mice living in an environment matched to ISS conditions (Habitat Ground Control). We euthanized mice at two time-points (matching timelines for controls and flight mice), one before returning to earth (TERM) and one after (LAR) in order to distinguish spaceflight-induced effects from the reentry-induced stress.", "release_date": "2026-02-13", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-908/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Heart" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "miRNA Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "BGISEQ-500" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Age", "Dissection Condition", "Euthanasia Location", "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Age", "Dissection Condition", "Euthanasia Location", "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-16" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Friederike Andreas Grandke Keller" ], "publication_title": "MiRNAs shape mouse age-independent tissue adaptation to spaceflight via ECM and developmental pathways." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-909", "osd_num": 909, "identifiers": "GLDS-743", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-909", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/909", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/909" } }, "overview": { "title": "MicroRNAs shape mouse age-independent tissue adaptation to spaceflight via ECM and developmental pathways - Pancreas data", "description": "As human space exploration accelerates, understanding the organism-wide molecular effects of longer spaceflight in mammals becomes increasingly critical. Non-coding RNAs like miRNAs are key to regulating this landscape. We thus analyzed 686 small RNA samples of mice from 13 solid organs at 3 and 8 months of age, after at least 3 weeks on the ISS and compared them to earth-bound controls. We observed significant spaceflight effects in systemic tissue remodeling pathways along the Fat-Liver-Pancreas axis and in heart, brain, spleen and thymus. The MIR-17/92 and MIR-1/133 families drive distinct molecular changes through specific gene targeting. Age-dependent changes, smaller in magnitude compared to age-independent changes, primarily involved tissue remodeling through MIR-8, MIR-154 and MIR-15 families in MAT, pancreas, and diaphragm. Our findings provide evidence on how spaceflight regulates mammalian gene expression in preparation for interplanetary spaceflight. We sequenced 686 samples across 13 organs of young (3 months) and middle-aged (8 months) mice that were sent to the ISS (Flight). We compared them against mice living in standard conditions (Vivarium Ground Control) and mice living in an environment matched to ISS conditions (Habitat Ground Control). We euthanized mice at two time-points (matching timelines for controls and flight mice), one before returning to earth (TERM) and one after (LAR) in order to distinguish spaceflight-induced effects from the reentry-induced stress.", "release_date": "2026-02-13", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-909/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Pancreas" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "miRNA Sequencing", "single-cell RNA sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "BGISEQ-500", "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Age", "Dissection Condition", "Euthanasia Location", "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Age", "Dissection Condition", "Euthanasia Location", "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-16" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Friederike Andreas Grandke Keller" ], "publication_title": "MiRNAs shape mouse age-independent tissue adaptation to spaceflight via ECM and developmental pathways." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-910", "osd_num": 910, "identifiers": "GLDS-744", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-910", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/910", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/910" } }, "overview": { "title": "MicroRNAs shape mouse age-independent tissue adaptation to spaceflight via ECM and developmental pathways - Spleen data", "description": "As human space exploration accelerates, understanding the organism-wide molecular effects of longer spaceflight in mammals becomes increasingly critical. Non-coding RNAs like miRNAs are key to regulating this landscape. We thus analyzed 686 small RNA samples of mice from 13 solid organs at 3 and 8 months of age, after at least 3 weeks on the ISS and compared them to earth-bound controls. We observed significant spaceflight effects in systemic tissue remodeling pathways along the Fat-Liver-Pancreas axis and in heart, brain, spleen and thymus. The MIR-17/92 and MIR-1/133 families drive distinct molecular changes through specific gene targeting. Age-dependent changes, smaller in magnitude compared to age-independent changes, primarily involved tissue remodeling through MIR-8, MIR-154 and MIR-15 families in MAT, pancreas, and diaphragm. Our findings provide evidence on how spaceflight regulates mammalian gene expression in preparation for interplanetary spaceflight. We sequenced 686 samples across 13 organs of young (3 months) and middle-aged (8 months) mice that were sent to the ISS (Flight). We compared them against mice living in standard conditions (Vivarium Ground Control) and mice living in an environment matched to ISS conditions (Habitat Ground Control). We euthanized mice at two time-points (matching timelines for controls and flight mice), one before returning to earth (TERM) and one after (LAR) in order to distinguish spaceflight-induced effects from the reentry-induced stress.", "release_date": "2026-02-13", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-910/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Spleen" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "miRNA Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "BGISEQ-500" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Age", "Spaceflight", "Euthanasia Location", "Dissection Condition" ], "types": [ "Age", "Space Flight", "Euthanasia Location", "Dissection Condition" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-16" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Friederike Andreas Grandke Keller" ], "publication_title": "MiRNAs shape mouse age-independent tissue adaptation to spaceflight via ECM and developmental pathways." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-911", "osd_num": 911, "identifiers": "GLDS-745", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-911", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/911", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/911" } }, "overview": { "title": "MicroRNAs shape mouse age-independent tissue adaptation to spaceflight via ECM and developmental pathways - Gonadal Adipose Tissue (GAT) data", "description": "As human space exploration accelerates, understanding the organism-wide molecular effects of longer spaceflight in mammals becomes increasingly critical. Non-coding RNAs like miRNAs are key to regulating this landscape. We thus analyzed 686 small RNA samples of mice from 13 solid organs at 3 and 8 months of age, after at least 3 weeks on the ISS and compared them to earth-bound controls. We observed significant spaceflight effects in systemic tissue remodeling pathways along the Fat-Liver-Pancreas axis and in heart, brain, spleen and thymus. The MIR-17/92 and MIR-1/133 families drive distinct molecular changes through specific gene targeting. Age-dependent changes, smaller in magnitude compared to age-independent changes, primarily involved tissue remodeling through MIR-8, MIR-154 and MIR-15 families in MAT, pancreas, and diaphragm. Our findings provide evidence on how spaceflight regulates mammalian gene expression in preparation for interplanetary spaceflight. We sequenced 686 samples across 13 organs of young (3 months) and middle-aged (8 months) mice that were sent to the ISS (Flight). We compared them against mice living in standard conditions (Vivarium Ground Control) and mice living in an environment matched to ISS conditions (Habitat Ground Control). We euthanized mice at two time-points (matching timelines for controls and flight mice), one before returning to earth (TERM) and one after (LAR) in order to distinguish spaceflight-induced effects from the reentry-induced stress.", "release_date": "2026-02-12", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-911/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "gonadal adipose tissue" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "miRNA Sequencing", "single-cell RNA sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "BGISEQ-500", "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Age", "Spaceflight", "Euthanasia Location", "Dissection Condition" ], "types": [ "Age", "Space Flight", "Euthanasia Location", "Dissection Condition" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-16" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Friederike Andreas Grandke Keller" ], "publication_title": "MiRNAs shape mouse age-independent tissue adaptation to spaceflight via ECM and developmental pathways." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-912", "osd_num": 912, "identifiers": "GLDS-733", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-912", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/912", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/912" } }, "overview": { "title": "MicroRNAs shape mouse age-independent tissue adaptation to spaceflight via ECM and developmental pathways - Mesenteric Adipose Tissue (MAT) data", "description": "As human space exploration accelerates, understanding the organism-wide molecular effects of longer spaceflight in mammals becomes increasingly critical. Non-coding RNAs like miRNAs are key to regulating this landscape. We thus analyzed 686 small RNA samples of mice from 13 solid organs at 3 and 8 months of age, after at least 3 weeks on the ISS and compared them to earth-bound controls. We observed significant spaceflight effects in systemic tissue remodeling pathways along the Fat-Liver-Pancreas axis and in heart, brain, spleen and thymus. The MIR-17/92 and MIR-1/133 families drive distinct molecular changes through specific gene targeting. Age-dependent changes, smaller in magnitude compared to age-independent changes, primarily involved tissue remodeling through MIR-8, MIR-154 and MIR-15 families in MAT, pancreas, and diaphragm. Our findings provide evidence on how spaceflight regulates mammalian gene expression in preparation for interplanetary spaceflight. We sequenced 686 samples across 13 organs of young (3 months) and middle-aged (8 months) mice that were sent to the ISS (Flight). We compared them against mice living in standard conditions (Vivarium Ground Control) and mice living in an environment matched to ISS conditions (Habitat Ground Control). We euthanized mice at two time-points (matching timelines for controls and flight mice), one before returning to earth (TERM) and one after (LAR) in order to distinguish spaceflight-induced effects from the reentry-induced stress.", "release_date": "2026-02-12", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-912/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "mesenteric adipose tissue" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "miRNA Sequencing", "single-cell RNA sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "BGISEQ-500", "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Euthanasia Location", "Age", "Dissection Condition" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Euthanasia Location", "Age", "Dissection Condition" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-16" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Friederike Andreas Grandke Keller" ], "publication_title": "MiRNAs shape mouse age-independent tissue adaptation to spaceflight via ECM and developmental pathways." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-913", "osd_num": 913, "identifiers": "GLDS-735", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-913", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/913", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/913" } }, "overview": { "title": "MicroRNAs shape mouse age-independent tissue adaptation to spaceflight via ECM and developmental pathways - Kidney data", "description": "As human space exploration accelerates, understanding the organism-wide molecular effects of longer spaceflight in mammals becomes increasingly critical. Non-coding RNAs like miRNAs are key to regulating this landscape. We thus analyzed 686 small RNA samples of mice from 13 solid organs at 3 and 8 months of age, after at least 3 weeks on the ISS and compared them to earth-bound controls. We observed significant spaceflight effects in systemic tissue remodeling pathways along the Fat-Liver-Pancreas axis and in heart, brain, spleen and thymus. The MIR-17/92 and MIR-1/133 families drive distinct molecular changes through specific gene targeting. Age-dependent changes, smaller in magnitude compared to age-independent changes, primarily involved tissue remodeling through MIR-8, MIR-154 and MIR-15 families in MAT, pancreas, and diaphragm. Our findings provide evidence on how spaceflight regulates mammalian gene expression in preparation for interplanetary spaceflight. We sequenced 686 samples across 13 organs of young (3 months) and middle-aged (8 months) mice that were sent to the ISS (Flight). We compared them against mice living in standard conditions (Vivarium Ground Control) and mice living in an environment matched to ISS conditions (Habitat Ground Control). We euthanized mice at two time-points (matching timelines for controls and flight mice), one before returning to earth (TERM) and one after (LAR) in order to distinguish spaceflight-induced effects from the reentry-induced stress.", "release_date": "2026-02-12", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-913/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Kidney" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "miRNA Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "BGISEQ-500" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Age", "Euthanasia Location", "Dissection Condition" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Age", "Euthanasia Location", "Dissection Condition" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-16" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Friederike Andreas Grandke Keller" ], "publication_title": "MiRNAs shape mouse age-independent tissue adaptation to spaceflight via ECM and developmental pathways." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-914", "osd_num": 914, "identifiers": "GLDS-736", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-914", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/914", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/914" } }, "overview": { "title": "MicroRNAs shape mouse age-independent tissue adaptation to spaceflight via ECM and developmental pathways - Diaphragm data", "description": "As human space exploration accelerates, understanding the organism-wide molecular effects of longer spaceflight in mammals becomes increasingly critical. Non-coding RNAs like miRNAs are key to regulating this landscape. We thus analyzed 686 small RNA samples of mice from 13 solid organs at 3 and 8 months of age, after at least 3 weeks on the ISS and compared them to earth-bound controls. We observed significant spaceflight effects in systemic tissue remodeling pathways along the Fat-Liver-Pancreas axis and in heart, brain, spleen and thymus. The MIR-17/92 and MIR-1/133 families drive distinct molecular changes through specific gene targeting. Age-dependent changes, smaller in magnitude compared to age-independent changes, primarily involved tissue remodeling through MIR-8, MIR-154 and MIR-15 families in MAT, pancreas, and diaphragm. Our findings provide evidence on how spaceflight regulates mammalian gene expression in preparation for interplanetary spaceflight. We sequenced 686 samples across 13 organs of young (3 months) and middle-aged (8 months) mice that were sent to the ISS (Flight). We compared them against mice living in standard conditions (Vivarium Ground Control) and mice living in an environment matched to ISS conditions (Habitat Ground Control). We euthanized mice at two time-points (matching timelines for controls and flight mice), one before returning to earth (TERM) and one after (LAR) in order to distinguish spaceflight-induced effects from the reentry-induced stress.", "release_date": "2026-02-12", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-914/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Diaphragm" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "miRNA Sequencing", "single-cell RNA sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "BGISEQ-500", "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Age", "Euthanasia Location", "Dissection Condition" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Age", "Euthanasia Location", "Dissection Condition" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-16" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Friederike Andreas Grandke Keller" ], "publication_title": "MiRNAs shape mouse age-independent tissue adaptation to spaceflight via ECM and developmental pathways." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-915", "osd_num": 915, "identifiers": "GLDS-737", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-915", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/915", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/915" } }, "overview": { "title": "MicroRNAs shape mouse age-independent tissue adaptation to spaceflight via ECM and developmental pathways - Lung data", "description": "As human space exploration accelerates, understanding the organism-wide molecular effects of longer spaceflight in mammals becomes increasingly critical. Non-coding RNAs like miRNAs are key to regulating this landscape. We thus analyzed 686 small RNA samples of mice from 13 solid organs at 3 and 8 months of age, after at least 3 weeks on the ISS and compared them to earth-bound controls. We observed significant spaceflight effects in systemic tissue remodeling pathways along the Fat-Liver-Pancreas axis and in heart, brain, spleen and thymus. The MIR-17/92 and MIR-1/133 families drive distinct molecular changes through specific gene targeting. Age-dependent changes, smaller in magnitude compared to age-independent changes, primarily involved tissue remodeling through MIR-8, MIR-154 and MIR-15 families in MAT, pancreas, and diaphragm. Our findings provide evidence on how spaceflight regulates mammalian gene expression in preparation for interplanetary spaceflight. We sequenced 686 samples across 13 organs of young (3 months) and middle-aged (8 months) mice that were sent to the ISS (Flight). We compared them against mice living in standard conditions (Vivarium Ground Control) and mice living in an environment matched to ISS conditions (Habitat Ground Control). We euthanized mice at two time-points (matching timelines for controls and flight mice), one before returning to earth (TERM) and one after (LAR) in order to distinguish spaceflight-induced effects from the reentry-induced stress.", "release_date": "2026-02-12", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-915/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Lung" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "miRNA Sequencing", "single-cell RNA sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "BGISEQ-500", "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Euthanasia Location", "Age", "Dissection Condition" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Euthanasia Location", "Age", "Dissection Condition" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-16" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Friederike Andreas Grandke Keller" ], "publication_title": "MiRNAs shape mouse age-independent tissue adaptation to spaceflight via ECM and developmental pathways." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-916", "osd_num": 916, "identifiers": "GLDS-766", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-916", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/916", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/916" } }, "overview": { "title": "MicroRNAs shape mouse age-independent tissue adaptation to spaceflight via ECM and developmental pathways - Brain data", "description": "As human space exploration accelerates, understanding the organism-wide molecular effects of longer spaceflight in mammals becomes increasingly critical. Non-coding RNAs like miRNAs are key to regulating this landscape. We thus analyzed 686 small RNA samples of mice from 13 solid organs at 3 and 8 months of age, after at least 3 weeks on the ISS and compared them to earth-bound controls. We observed significant spaceflight effects in systemic tissue remodeling pathways along the Fat-Liver-Pancreas axis and in heart, brain, spleen and thymus. The MIR-17/92 and MIR-1/133 families drive distinct molecular changes through specific gene targeting. Age-dependent changes, smaller in magnitude compared to age-independent changes, primarily involved tissue remodeling through MIR-8, MIR-154 and MIR-15 families in MAT, pancreas, and diaphragm. Our findings provide evidence on how spaceflight regulates mammalian gene expression in preparation for interplanetary spaceflight. We sequenced 686 samples across 13 organs of young (3 months) and middle-aged (8 months) mice that were sent to the ISS (Flight). We compared them against mice living in standard conditions (Vivarium Ground Control) and mice living in an environment matched to ISS conditions (Habitat Ground Control). We euthanized mice at two time-points (matching timelines for controls and flight mice), one before returning to earth (TERM) and one after (LAR) in order to distinguish spaceflight-induced effects from the reentry-induced stress", "release_date": "2026-02-12", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-916/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "brain" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "miRNA Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "BGISEQ-500" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Euthanasia Location", "Age", "Dissection Condition" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Euthanasia Location", "Age", "Dissection Condition" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-16" ], "flight_programs": [ "Rodent Research (RR)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Friederike Andreas Grandke Keller" ], "publication_title": "MiRNAs shape mouse age-independent tissue adaptation to spaceflight via ECM and developmental pathways" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-918", "osd_num": 918, "identifiers": "GLDS-746", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-918", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/918", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/918" } }, "overview": { "title": "Spaceflight induces systemic effects on extracellular matrix and immune system in different age-stages - Blood data", "description": "Spaceflights significantly impacts astronaut health, causing muscle atrophy, bone loss, cardiovascular deconditioning and immune system dysregulation, especially during long missions. To explore molecular changes, we generated a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset, of 216 samples from 28 mouse organs and tissues under spaceflight and control conditions. Since spaceflight effects closely resemble aspects of aging, we included two age groups (3 and 8 months) to assess age-related influences. Our data revealed that spaceflight drives age-independent systemic changes, primarily affecting tissue remodeling and alterations in cytoskeleton, membrane and extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly in endothelial cells. In contrast, aging has a weaker impact, mainly altering immune regulation in an age-dependent manner. These findings suggest that cytoskeletal and ECM changes may contribute to immune Dysregulation.", "release_date": "2026-02-04", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-918/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Blood" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "single-cell RNA sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Age" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "age" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-16" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Friederike Andread Grandke Keller" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-919", "osd_num": 919, "identifiers": "GLDS-747", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-919", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/919", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/919" } }, "overview": { "title": "Spaceflight induces systemic effects on extracellular matrix and immune system in different age-stages - Bone data", "description": "Spaceflights significantly impacts astronaut health, causing muscle atrophy, bone loss, cardiovascular deconditioning and immune system dysregulation, especially during long missions. To explore molecular changes, we generated a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset, of 216 samples from 28 mouse organs and tissues under spaceflight and control conditions. Since spaceflight effects closely resemble aspects of aging, we included two age groups (3 and 8 months) to assess age-related influences. Our data revealed that spaceflight drives age-independent systemic changes, primarily affecting tissue remodeling and alterations in cytoskeleton, membrane and extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly in endothelial cells. In contrast, aging has a weaker impact, mainly altering immune regulation in an age-dependent manner. These findings suggest that cytoskeletal and ECM changes may contribute to immune Dysregulation.", "release_date": "2026-02-04", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-919/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "femurs", "hip bones and vertebral columns" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "single-cell RNA sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Age" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "age" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-16" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Friederike Andreas Grandke Keller" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-920", "osd_num": 920, "identifiers": "GLDS-748", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-920", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/920", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/920" } }, "overview": { "title": "Spaceflight induces systemic effects on extracellular matrix and immune system in different age-stages - Eye data", "description": "Spaceflights significantly impacts astronaut health, causing muscle atrophy, bone loss, cardiovascular deconditioning and immune system dysregulation, especially during long missions. To explore molecular changes, we generated a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset, of 216 samples from 28 mouse organs and tissues under spaceflight and control conditions. Since spaceflight effects closely resemble aspects of aging, we included two age groups (3 and 8 months) to assess age-related influences. Our data revealed that spaceflight drives age-independent systemic changes, primarily affecting tissue remodeling and alterations in cytoskeleton, membrane and extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly in endothelial cells. In contrast, aging has a weaker impact, mainly altering immune regulation in an age-dependent manner. These findings suggest that cytoskeletal and ECM changes may contribute to immune Dysregulation.", "release_date": "2026-02-04", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-920/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "eye" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "single-cell RNA sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Age" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "age" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-16" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Friederike Andreas Grandke Keller" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-921", "osd_num": 921, "identifiers": "GLDS-749", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-921", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/921", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/921" } }, "overview": { "title": "Spaceflight induces systemic effects on extracellular matrix and immune system in different age-stages - Heart atria data", "description": "Spaceflights significantly impacts astronaut health, causing muscle atrophy, bone loss, cardiovascular deconditioning and immune system dysregulation, especially during long missions. To explore molecular changes, we generated a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset, of 216 samples from 28 mouse organs and tissues under spaceflight and control conditions. Since spaceflight effects closely resemble aspects of aging, we included two age groups (3 and 8 months) to assess age-related influences. Our data revealed that spaceflight drives age-independent systemic changes, primarily affecting tissue remodeling and alterations in cytoskeleton, membrane and extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly in endothelial cells. In contrast, aging has a weaker impact, mainly altering immune regulation in an age-dependent manner. These findings suggest that cytoskeletal and ECM changes may contribute to immune Dysregulation.", "release_date": "2026-02-04", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-921/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Heart Atria" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "single-cell RNA sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Age" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "age" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-16" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Friederike Andreas Grandke Keller" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-922", "osd_num": 922, "identifiers": "GLDS-750", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-922", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/922", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/922" } }, "overview": { "title": "Spaceflight induces systemic effects on extracellular matrix and immune system in different age-stages - Heart ventricles data", "description": "Spaceflights significantly impacts astronaut health, causing muscle atrophy, bone loss, cardiovascular deconditioning and immune system dysregulation, especially during long missions. To explore molecular changes, we generated a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset, of 216 samples from 28 mouse organs and tissues under spaceflight and control conditions. Since spaceflight effects closely resemble aspects of aging, we included two age groups (3 and 8 months) to assess age-related influences. Our data revealed that spaceflight drives age-independent systemic changes, primarily affecting tissue remodeling and alterations in cytoskeleton, membrane and extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly in endothelial cells. In contrast, aging has a weaker impact, mainly altering immune regulation in an age-dependent manner. These findings suggest that cytoskeletal and ECM changes may contribute to immune Dysregulation.", "release_date": "2026-02-04", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-922/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Heart Ventricles" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "single-cell RNA sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Age" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "age" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-16" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Friederike Andreas Grandke Keller" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-923", "osd_num": 923, "identifiers": "GLDS-751", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-923", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/923", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/923" } }, "overview": { "title": "Spaceflight induces systemic effects on extracellular matrix and immune system in different age-stages - Large intestine data", "description": "Spaceflights significantly impacts astronaut health, causing muscle atrophy, bone loss, cardiovascular deconditioning and immune system dysregulation, especially during long missions. To explore molecular changes, we generated a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset, of 216 samples from 28 mouse organs and tissues under spaceflight and control conditions. Since spaceflight effects closely resemble aspects of aging, we included two age groups (3 and 8 months) to assess age-related influences. Our data revealed that spaceflight drives age-independent systemic changes, primarily affecting tissue remodeling and alterations in cytoskeleton, membrane and extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly in endothelial cells. In contrast, aging has a weaker impact, mainly altering immune regulation in an age-dependent manner. These findings suggest that cytoskeletal and ECM changes may contribute to immune Dysregulation.", "release_date": "2026-02-04", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-923/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Intestine", "Large" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "single-cell RNA sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Age" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "age" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-16" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Friederike Andreas Grandke Keller" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-924", "osd_num": 924, "identifiers": "GLDS-752", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-924", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/924", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/924" } }, "overview": { "title": "Spaceflight induces systemic effects on extracellular matrix and immune system in different age-stages - limb muscle data", "description": "Spaceflights significantly impacts astronaut health, causing muscle atrophy, bone loss, cardiovascular deconditioning and immune system dysregulation, especially during long missions. To explore molecular changes, we generated a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset, of 216 samples from 28 mouse organs and tissues under spaceflight and control conditions. Since spaceflight effects closely resemble aspects of aging, we included two age groups (3 and 8 months) to assess age-related influences. Our data revealed that spaceflight drives age-independent systemic changes, primarily affecting tissue remodeling and alterations in cytoskeleton, membrane and extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly in endothelial cells. In contrast, aging has a weaker impact, mainly altering immune regulation in an age-dependent manner. These findings suggest that cytoskeletal and ECM changes may contribute to immune Dysregulation.", "release_date": "2026-02-04", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-924/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "limb muscle" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "single-cell RNA sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Age" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "age" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-16" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Friederike Andreas Grandke Keller" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-926", "osd_num": 926, "identifiers": "GLDS-754", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-926", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/926", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/926" } }, "overview": { "title": "Spaceflight induces systemic effects on extracellular matrix and immune system in different age-stages - Bone marrow data", "description": "Spaceflights significantly impacts astronaut health, causing muscle atrophy, bone loss, cardiovascular deconditioning and immune system dysregulation, especially during long missions. To explore molecular changes, we generated a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset, of 216 samples from 28 mouse organs and tissues under spaceflight and control conditions. Since spaceflight effects closely resemble aspects of aging, we included two age groups (3 and 8 months) to assess age-related influences. Our data revealed that spaceflight drives age-independent systemic changes, primarily affecting tissue remodeling and alterations in cytoskeleton, membrane and extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly in endothelial cells. In contrast, aging has a weaker impact, mainly altering immune regulation in an age-dependent manner. These findings suggest that cytoskeletal and ECM changes may contribute to immune Dysregulation.", "release_date": "2026-02-04", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-926/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Bone Marrow" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "single-cell RNA sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Age" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "age" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-16" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Friederike Andreas Grandke Keller" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-927", "osd_num": 927, "identifiers": "GLDS-755", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-927", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/927", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/927" } }, "overview": { "title": "Spaceflight induces systemic effects on extracellular matrix and immune system in different age-stages - Myeloid cerebellum data", "description": "Spaceflights significantly impacts astronaut health, causing muscle atrophy, bone loss, cardiovascular deconditioning and immune system dysregulation, especially during long missions. To explore molecular changes, we generated a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset, of 216 samples from 28 mouse organs and tissues under spaceflight and control conditions. Since spaceflight effects closely resemble aspects of aging, we included two age groups (3 and 8 months) to assess age-related influences. Our data revealed that spaceflight drives age-independent systemic changes, primarily affecting tissue remodeling and alterations in cytoskeleton, membrane and extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly in endothelial cells. In contrast, aging has a weaker impact, mainly altering immune regulation in an age-dependent manner. These findings suggest that cytoskeletal and ECM changes may contribute to immune Dysregulation.", "release_date": "2026-02-04", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-927/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "myeloid cerebellum" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "single-cell RNA sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Age" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "age" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-16" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Friederike Andreas Grandke Keller" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-928", "osd_num": 928, "identifiers": "GLDS-756", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-928", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/928", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/928" } }, "overview": { "title": "Spaceflight induces systemic effects on extracellular matrix and immune system in different age-stages - Myeloid forebrain data", "description": "Spaceflights significantly impacts astronaut health, causing muscle atrophy, bone loss, cardiovascular deconditioning and immune system dysregulation, especially during long missions. To explore molecular changes, we generated a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset, of 216 samples from 28 mouse organs and tissues under spaceflight and control conditions. Since spaceflight effects closely resemble aspects of aging, we included two age groups (3 and 8 months) to assess age-related influences. Our data revealed that spaceflight drives age-independent systemic changes, primarily affecting tissue remodeling and alterations in cytoskeleton, membrane and extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly in endothelial cells. In contrast, aging has a weaker impact, mainly altering immune regulation in an age-dependent manner. These findings suggest that cytoskeletal and ECM changes may contribute to immune Dysregulation.", "release_date": "2026-02-04", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-928/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "myeloid forebrain" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "single-cell RNA sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Age" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "age" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-16" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Friederike Andreas Grandke Keller" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-929", "osd_num": 929, "identifiers": "GLDS-757", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-929", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/929", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/929" } }, "overview": { "title": "Spaceflight induces systemic effects on extracellular matrix and immune system in different age-stages - Myeloid hippocampus data", "description": "Spaceflights significantly impacts astronaut health, causing muscle atrophy, bone loss, cardiovascular deconditioning and immune system dysregulation, especially during long missions. To explore molecular changes, we generated a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset, of 216 samples from 28 mouse organs and tissues under spaceflight and control conditions. Since spaceflight effects closely resemble aspects of aging, we included two age groups (3 and 8 months) to assess age-related influences. Our data revealed that spaceflight drives age-independent systemic changes, primarily affecting tissue remodeling and alterations in cytoskeleton, membrane and extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly in endothelial cells. In contrast, aging has a weaker impact, mainly altering immune regulation in an age-dependent manner. These findings suggest that cytoskeletal and ECM changes may contribute to immune Dysregulation.", "release_date": "2026-02-04", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-929/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "myeloid hippocampus" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "single-cell RNA sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Age" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "age" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-16" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Friederike Andreas Grandke Keller" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-930", "osd_num": 930, "identifiers": "GLDS-758", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-930", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/930", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/930" } }, "overview": { "title": "Spaceflight induces systemic effects on extracellular matrix and immune system in different age-stages - Non-myeloid cerebellum data", "description": "Spaceflights significantly impacts astronaut health, causing muscle atrophy, bone loss, cardiovascular deconditioning and immune system dysregulation, especially during long missions. To explore molecular changes, we generated a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset, of 216 samples from 28 mouse organs and tissues under spaceflight and control conditions. Since spaceflight effects closely resemble aspects of aging, we included two age groups (3 and 8 months) to assess age-related influences. Our data revealed that spaceflight drives age-independent systemic changes, primarily affecting tissue remodeling and alterations in cytoskeleton, membrane and extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly in endothelial cells. In contrast, aging has a weaker impact, mainly altering immune regulation in an age-dependent manner. These findings suggest that cytoskeletal and ECM changes may contribute to immune Dysregulation.", "release_date": "2026-02-04", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-930/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "non-myeloid cerebellum" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "single-cell RNA sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Age" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "age" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-16" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Friederike Andreas Grandke Keller" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-931", "osd_num": 931, "identifiers": "GLDS-759", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-931", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/931", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/931" } }, "overview": { "title": "Spaceflight induces systemic effects on extracellular matrix and immune system in different age-stages - Non-myeloid forebrain data", "description": "Spaceflights significantly impacts astronaut health, causing muscle atrophy, bone loss, cardiovascular deconditioning and immune system dysregulation, especially during long missions. To explore molecular changes, we generated a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset, of 216 samples from 28 mouse organs and tissues under spaceflight and control conditions. Since spaceflight effects closely resemble aspects of aging, we included two age groups (3 and 8 months) to assess age-related influences. Our data revealed that spaceflight drives age-independent systemic changes, primarily affecting tissue remodeling and alterations in cytoskeleton, membrane and extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly in endothelial cells. In contrast, aging has a weaker impact, mainly altering immune regulation in an age-dependent manner. These findings suggest that cytoskeletal and ECM changes may contribute to immune Dysregulation.", "release_date": "2026-02-04", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-931/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "non-myeloid forebrain" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "single-cell RNA sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Age" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "age" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-16" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Friederike Andreas Grandke Keller" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-932", "osd_num": 932, "identifiers": "GLDS-760", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-932", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/932", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/932" } }, "overview": { "title": "Spaceflight induces systemic effects on extracellular matrix and immune system in different age-stages - Non-myeloid hippocampus data", "description": "Spaceflights significantly impacts astronaut health, causing muscle atrophy, bone loss, cardiovascular deconditioning and immune system dysregulation, especially during long missions. To explore molecular changes, we generated a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset, of 216 samples from 28 mouse organs and tissues under spaceflight and control conditions. Since spaceflight effects closely resemble aspects of aging, we included two age groups (3 and 8 months) to assess age-related influences. Our data revealed that spaceflight drives age-independent systemic changes, primarily affecting tissue remodeling and alterations in cytoskeleton, membrane and extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly in endothelial cells. In contrast, aging has a weaker impact, mainly altering immune regulation in an age-dependent manner. These findings suggest that cytoskeletal and ECM changes may contribute to immune Dysregulation.", "release_date": "2026-02-04", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-932/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "non-myeloid hippocampus" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "single-cell RNA sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Age" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "age" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-16" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Friederike Andreas Grandke Keller" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-933", "osd_num": 933, "identifiers": "GLDS-761", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-933", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/933", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/933" } }, "overview": { "title": "Spaceflight induces systemic effects on extracellular matrix and immune system in different age-stages - Skeletal stem cells data", "description": "Spaceflights significantly impacts astronaut health, causing muscle atrophy, bone loss, cardiovascular deconditioning and immune system dysregulation, especially during long missions. To explore molecular changes, we generated a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset, of 216 samples from 28 mouse organs and tissues under spaceflight and control conditions. Since spaceflight effects closely resemble aspects of aging, we included two age groups (3 and 8 months) to assess age-related influences. Our data revealed that spaceflight drives age-independent systemic changes, primarily affecting tissue remodeling and alterations in cytoskeleton, membrane and extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly in endothelial cells. In contrast, aging has a weaker impact, mainly altering immune regulation in an age-dependent manner. These findings suggest that cytoskeletal and ECM changes may contribute to immune Dysregulation.", "release_date": "2026-02-04", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-933/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "skeletal stem cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "single-cell RNA sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Age" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "age" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-16" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Friederike Andreas Grandke Keller" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-935", "osd_num": 935, "identifiers": "GLDS-763", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-935", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/935", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/935" } }, "overview": { "title": "Long non‐coding RNAs Kcnq1ot1 and Lncpint are involved in skeletal muscle atrophy induced by the space exposome", "description": "Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the regulation of skeletal muscle transcriptional processes, but their involvement in spaceflight- or inactivity-induced muscle atrophy remains poorly understood. To address this gap, we simulated the space environment by combining microgravity, irradiation and stress in a mouse model. Our results provide novel insights into the contribution of lncRNAs to muscle atrophy caused by the space exposome and has broader implications for understanding and combating muscle atrophy in clinical scenarios of prolonged inactivity.", "release_date": "2025-08-13", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-935/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Soleus" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Hindlimb Unloading", "Ionizing Radiation", "Treatment" ], "types": [ "Hindlimb Suspension", "ionizing radiation", "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "Swedish National Space Agency" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Sergio Bjorn Alen Tommy R. Mieke Lisa Eric Rodrigo Pérez‐Díaz Baselet Lovric Lundberg Neefs Daenen Rullman Fernandez‐Gonzalo" ], "publication_title": "Long non‐coding RNAs Kcnq1ot1 and Lncpint are involved in skeletal muscle atrophy induced by the space exposome" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-936", "osd_num": 936, "identifiers": "GLDS-764 LSDS-164", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-936", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/936", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/936" } }, "overview": { "title": "Gravitational and mechanical forces drive mitochondrial translation- human HEK293 cell datasets", "description": "Life on Earth has evolved in a form suitable for the gravitational force of 1 x g. Although the pivotal role of gravity in gene expression has been revealed by multi-omics approaches in space-flown samples and astronauts, the molecular details of how mammalian cells harness gravity have remained unclear. Here, we showed that mitochondria utilize gravity to activate protein synthesis within the organelle. Genome-wide ribosome profiling revealed reduced mitochondrial translation in mammalian cells and Caenorhabditis elegans under both microgravity at the International Space Station and simulated microgravity in a 3D-clinostat on the ground. We found that attenuation of cell adhesion through laminin-integrin interactions causes the phenotype. The downstream signaling pathway including FAK, RAC1, PAK1, BAD, and Bcl-2 family proteins in the cytosol, and mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFAS) pathway in the matrix maintain mitochondrial translation at high level. Mechanistically, a decreased level of mitochondrial malonyl-CoA, which is consumed by activated mtFAS, leads to a reduction in the malonylation of the translational machinery and an increase in the initiation and elongation of in organello translation. Consistent with the role of integrin as a mechanosensor, we observed a decrease in mitochondrial translation via the minimization of mechanical stress in mouse skeletal muscle. Our work provides mechanistic insights into how cells convert gravitational and mechanical forces into translation in an energy-producing organelle. This study hosts the human HEK293 cell datasets. The mouse datasets are available in OSD-955, and the C. elegans (nematode) datasets are available in OSD-956.", "release_date": "2026-01-26", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-936/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cultured Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)", "Ribo-seq (Ribosome profiling)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling", "translation profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina HiSeq 4000", "Illumina HiSeq X" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Altered Gravity", "Coating", "Spaceflight", "Altered Gravity Duration" ], "types": [ "Gravity", "Altered", "Coating", "Space Flight", "duration" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "NG-14" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "JAXA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Taisei Tomokazu Akira Atsushi Shintaro Wakigawa Yamazaki Higashibata Higashitani Iwasaki" ], "publication_title": "Gravitational and mechanical forces drive mitochondrial translation" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-937", "osd_num": 937, "identifiers": "GLDS-765", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-937", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/937", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/937" } }, "overview": { "title": "Microgravity accelerates skeletal muscle degeneration: Functional and transcriptomic insights from an ISS muscle lab-on-chip model", "description": "Microgravity accelerates skeletal muscle degeneration, mimicking aspects of aging, yet its effects on muscle cell function remain underexplored. Using a muscle lab-on-chip model onboard the International Space Station (ISS), we examined 3D-bioengineered myobundles derived from young and older adult donors under microgravity. Electrical stimulation applied intermittently to the myobundles revealed reduced contraction magnitude in microgravity and decreased protein levels of myosin heavy chain 7, a main isoform in slow-twitch muscle fibers. Transcriptomic profiling revealed active myogenesis across ground and spaceflight samples, but younger electrically stimulated myobundles displayed enhanced mitochondrial-related gene expression in microgravity, while older and non-electrically stimulated myobundles were less responsive. Comparative analysis between young and older derived myobundles identified 86 muscle-specific age-associated genes altered in microgravity, linked to inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular stress. These findings highlight a unique age-related molecular response in microgravity and underscores electrical stimulation as a potential countermeasure. These insights advance our understanding of muscle aging and degeneration in microgravity, guiding future therapeutic strategies.", "release_date": "2025-08-13", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-937/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells", "Cultured" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Donor Age", "Treatment", "Time" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "age", "treatment", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-25" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Maddalena Zon Legrand K Paul M Siobhan Parafati Thwin Malany Coen Malany" ], "publication_title": "Microgravity accelerates skeletal muscle degeneration: Functional and transcriptomic insights from an ISS muscle lab-on-chip model." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-940", "osd_num": 940, "identifiers": "GLDS-768", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-940", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/940", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/940" } }, "overview": { "title": "Effects of simulated microgravity on colorectal cancer organoids growth and drug response", "description": "Cellular and molecular dynamics of human cells are constantly affected by gravity. Alteration of the gravitational force disturbs the cellular equilibrium, which might modify physiological and molecular characteristics. Nevertheless, biological responses of cancer cells to reduced gravitational force remains obscure. We established four organoids directly from CRC patients, and organoids cultured in 3D clinostat were subjected to genome wide expression profiling and drug library screening.", "release_date": "2024-09-11", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-940/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells", "Cultured" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Microgravity Simulation" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Soon-Chan Min Jung Ji Won Young-Kyoung Seung-Yong Sungwan Ja-Lok Kim Kim Park Shin Jeong Kim Ku" ], "publication_title": "Effects of simulated microgravity on colorectal cancer organoids growth and drug response." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-941", "osd_num": 941, "identifiers": "GLDS-769", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-941", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/941", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/941" } }, "overview": { "title": "Spaceflight reshapes Alzheimer's disease–associated molecular programs in human brain organoids", "description": "Spaceflight provides a unique environment to study neural responses relevant to neurodegenerative diseases. Here, human cortical organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that carry familial Alzheimer's disease (fAD) mutations in APP (p.V717G), PSEN1 (p.M233L), and PSEN2 (p.N141I) were cultivated at the International Space Station (ISS) alongside isogenic controls for 40 days. Multi-omic profiling, integrating transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolic analyses, revealed a coordinated shift in neuronal and cellular states during spaceflight. AD-derived organoids showed altered glycolytic activity and altered lactate-to-malate ratios, consistent with metabolic and mitochondrial remodeling. Spaceflight was also associated with changes in amyloid-beta (AB) processing and tau phosphorylation, although the magnitude and direction of these responses varied across genetic backgrounds. Pathway analysis identified increased synaptic and neurotransmission-related signatures, particularly those associated with GABAergic and glutamatergic signaling. Integrative analysis further revealed convergent programs involving RNA processing, chromatin organization, cytoskeletal dynamics, and cellular stress responses. Proteomic and multi-omic analyses also identified changes in RNA-binding proteins, including CIRBP, consistent with altered post-transcriptional regulatory networks under spaceflight conditions. Collectively, these exploratory findings indicate that spaceflight reshapes neuronal and metabolic regulation in human brain organoids, revealing coordinated molecular responses relevant to AD biology.", "release_date": "2026-10-26", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-941/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells", "Cultured" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Genotype", "Disease Condition" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Genotype", "Condition" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-30" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Natalia Luisa Luiz Pedro Stephanie Luiza Livia Jeong-Hee Stevens Blake Juliana Paulo Aline Roberto Alysson C. S. B. V. P. S. P. M. L. de S da G C. M. A. H. R. Moreira Coelho Petroski Almeida Gaudio Nascimento Lee Rehen Tsu Fischer Carvalho Martins Herai Muotri" ], "publication_title": "Spaceflight accelerates Alzheimer’s disease–associated molecular programs in human brain organoids" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-942", "osd_num": 942, "identifiers": "GLDS-770", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-942", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/942", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/942" } }, "overview": { "title": "Exercise Training Attenuates the Muscle Mitochondria Genomic Response to Bed Rest (microarray data)", "description": "Exercise training during the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 70-d bed rest study effectively counteracted the decline in aerobic capacity, muscle mass, strength, and endurance. We aimed to characterize the genomic response of the participants' vastus lateralis on day 64 of bed rest with and without exercise countermeasures. Twenty-two healthy young males were randomized into three groups: 1) bed rest only (n equals 7), 2) bed rest + aerobic (6 d/wk) and resistance training (3 d/wk) on standard equipment (n equals 7), and 3) bed rest + aerobic and resistance training using a flywheel device (n equals 8). The vastus lateralis gene and microRNA microarrays were analyzed using GeneSpring GX 14.9.1 (Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA).", "release_date": "2024-06-27", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-942/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Vastus Lateralis" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Bed Rest", "Time", "Treatment" ], "types": [ "Bed Rest", "time", "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA", "NSBRI" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Joshua A Abel Gregory R Fadia Jessica M Meghan Lori Shlomit Cotter Plaza-Florido Adams Haddad Scott Everett Ploutz-Snyder Radom-Aizik" ], "publication_title": "Exercise Training Attenuates the Muscle Mitochondria Genomic Response to Bed Rest." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-943", "osd_num": 943, "identifiers": "GLDS-771", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-943", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/943", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/943" } }, "overview": { "title": "Longitudinal transcriptomic and epigenetic analysis in astronauts reveals dynamic immune response to spaceflight [DNA methylation]", "description": "The space industry has made significant strides, leading to an era of commercial spaceflight. Meanwhile, understanding molecular responses to spaceflight is crucial for astronauts' safety. To this end, we examined transcriptomic and epigenetic changes in two astronauts' blood samples at three timepoints: two weeks before spaceflight (T0), 24 hours after spaceflight (T2), and three months after spaceflight (T3). Transcriptomic analysis identified two gene clusters with opposing transient expression trends post-flight (T2), normalized at T3: one upregulated and the other downregulated. Mapped immune cell types through the CIBERSORT coupled with the pathway analysis suggested monocytes' role in coordinated cellular response. Epigenetic analysis identified four methylation patterns with transient and persistent changes post-flight, enriched in nervous system development and cell apoptosis pathways. Methylation changes implicated genes associated with bone disorders, including FBLIM1, IHH, and SCAMP2. eQTM analysis suggested a link between RNA transcriptional level and DNA methylation through transcriptional regulator ZNF684. In conclusion, our study revealed significant short-term transcriptional and methylation changes as well as long-term methylation changes. This study hosts the DNA methylation dataset. RNAseq dataset can be found in OSD-903.", "release_date": "2025-07-30", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-943/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Whole Blood" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "DNA methylation profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Time" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "AX-1" ], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Xiang Marc Juan P Francesca Marie Lorenna Mohamad Pablo Luda Ao Parisien Cata Montagna Vigouroux Oliveira Fernandes de Araujo Karaky Ingelmo Diatchenko" ], "publication_title": "Longitudinal transcriptomic and epigenetic analysis of the blood in two astronauts." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-944", "osd_num": 944, "identifiers": "GLDS-775", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-944", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/944", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/944" } }, "overview": { "title": "JPL Mars Exploration Program Interlab Cleanroom Metagenomics", "description": "A pilot study using Nanopore and Illumina sequencing technologies to characterize low-biomass samples from cleanroom-environments. This contains multiple datasets from an interlab study sequencing the same samples using different methods and at different sequencing facilities", "release_date": "2026-02-03", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-944/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [ "DNA", "Not Applicable" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "long read low-biomass DNA Sequencing", "short read low-biomass DNA Sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "Metagenomic sequencing" ], "platforms": [ "Oxford Nanopore Technologies", "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Sample Location", "Collection Date" ], "types": [ "Location", "Collection Date" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)", "people": [ "Lisa Akemi Ceth Moogega Guan Hinzer Parker Cooper" ], "publication_title": "" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-946", "osd_num": 946, "identifiers": "GLDS-773", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-946", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/946", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/946" } }, "overview": { "title": "Exercise Training Attenuates the Muscle Mitochondria Genomic Response to Bed Rest (miRNA microarray data)", "description": "Exercise training during the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 70-d bed rest study effectively counteracted the decline in aerobic capacity, muscle mass, strength, and endurance. We aimed to characterize the genomic response of the participants' vastus lateralis on day 64 of bed rest with and without exercise countermeasures. Twenty-two healthy young males were randomized into three groups: 1) bed rest only (n equals 7), 2) bed rest + aerobic (6 d/wk) and resistance training (3 d/wk) on standard equipment (n equals 7), and 3) bed rest + aerobic and resistance training using a flywheel device (n equals 8). The vastus lateralis gene and microRNA microarrays were analyzed using GeneSpring GX 14.9.1 (Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA). This study hosts the microRNA microarray dataset. Gene expression microarray datasets are available in OSD-942.", "release_date": "2024-06-27", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-946/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Vastus Lateralis" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "miRNA Microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Bed Rest", "Time", "Treatment" ], "types": [ "Bed Rest", "time", "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA", "NSBRI" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Joshua A Abel Gregory R Fadia Jessica M Meghan Lori Shlomit Cotter Plaza-Florido Adams Haddad Scott Everett Ploutz-Snyder Radom-Aizik" ], "publication_title": "Exercise Training Attenuates the Muscle Mitochondria Genomic Response to Bed Rest" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-949", "osd_num": 949, "identifiers": "GLDS-774", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-949", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/949", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/949" } }, "overview": { "title": "Skeletal muscle-specific inducible AMPKa1/a2 knockout mice develop muscle weakness, glycogen depletion, and fibrosis that persists during disuse atrophy.", "description": "The 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important skeletal muscle regulator implicated as a possible therapeutic target to ameliorate the local undesired deconditioning of disuse atrophy. However, the muscle-specific role of AMPK in regulating muscle function, fibrosis, and transcriptional reprogramming during physical disuse is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine how the absence of both catalytic subunits of AMPK in skeletal muscle influences muscle force production, collagen deposition, and the transcriptional landscape. We generated skeletal muscle-specific tamoxifen-inducible AMPKa1/a2 knockout mice that underwent 14 days of hindlimb unloading (HU) or remained ambulatory for 14 days (AMB). We found that AMPKa-/- during ambulatory conditions altered body weight and myofiber size, decreased muscle function, depleted glycogen stores and TBC1 domain family member 1 (TBC1D1) phosphorylation, increased collagen deposition, and altered transcriptional pathways. Primarily, pathways related to cellular senescence and mitochondrial biogenesis and function were influenced by the absence of AMPKa. The effects of AMPKa-/- persisted, but were not worsened, following hindlimb unloading. Together, we report that AMPKa is necessary to maintain skeletal muscle quality.", "release_date": "2023-12-09", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-949/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Soleus" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Genotype", "Hindlimb Unloading", "Sex" ], "types": [ "Genotype", "Hindlimb Suspension", "Sex" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Jonathan J Jingtong Elena M Patrick J Paul-Emile Naomi M M P Sean M William J Katsuhiko Micah J Petrocelli Liu Yee Ferrara Bourrant de Hart Tatum Holland Funai Drummond" ], "publication_title": "Skeletal muscle-specific inducible AMPKα1/α2 knockout mice develop muscle weakness, glycogen depletion, and fibrosis that persists during disuse atrophy." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-955", "osd_num": 955, "identifiers": "GLDS-778", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-955", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/955", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/955" } }, "overview": { "title": "Gravitational and mechanical forces drive mitochondrial translation - mouse datasets", "description": "Life on Earth has evolved in a form suitable for the gravitational force of 1 x g. Although the pivotal role of gravity in gene expression has been revealed by multi-omics approaches in space-flown samples and astronauts, the molecular details of how mammalian cells harness gravity have remained unclear. Here, we showed that mitochondria utilize gravity to activate protein synthesis within the organelle. Genome-wide ribosome profiling revealed reduced mitochondrial translation in mammalian cells and Caenorhabditis elegans under both microgravity at the International Space Station and simulated microgravity in a 3D-clinostat on the ground. We found that attenuation of cell adhesion through laminin-integrin interactions causes the phenotype. The downstream signaling pathway including FAK, RAC1, PAK1, BAD, and Bcl-2 family proteins in the cytosol, and mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFAS) pathway in the matrix maintain mitochondrial translation at high level. Mechanistically, a decreased level of mitochondrial malonyl-CoA, which is consumed by activated mtFAS, leads to a reduction in the malonylation of the translational machinery and an increase in the initiation and elongation of in organello translation. Consistent with the role of integrin as a mechanosensor, we observed a decrease in mitochondrial translation via the minimization of mechanical stress in mouse skeletal muscle. Our work provides mechanistic insights into how cells convert gravitational and mechanical forces into translation in an energy-producing organelle. This study hosts the mouse datasets. The human HEK293 cell datasets are available in OSD-936, and the C. elegans (nematode) datasets are available in OSD-956.", "release_date": "2026-01-26", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-955/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Soleus" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)", "Ribo-seq (Ribosome profiling)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling", "translation profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Minimized Mechanical Stress", "Duration" ], "types": [ "Stress", "Mechanical", "duration" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "JAXA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Taisei Tomokazu Akira Atsushi Shintaro Wakigawa Yamazaki Higashibata Higashitani Iwasaki" ], "publication_title": "Gravitational and mechanical forces drive mitochondrial translation" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-956", "osd_num": 956, "identifiers": "GLDS-779", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-956", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/956", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/956" } }, "overview": { "title": "Gravitational and mechanical forces drive mitochondrial translation - C. elegans datasets", "description": "Life on Earth has evolved in a form suitable for the gravitational force of 1 x g. Although the pivotal role of gravity in gene expression has been revealed by multi-omics approaches in space-flown samples and astronauts, the molecular details of how mammalian cells harness gravity have remained unclear. Here, we showed that mitochondria utilize gravity to activate protein synthesis within the organelle. Genome-wide ribosome profiling revealed reduced mitochondrial translation in mammalian cells and Caenorhabditis elegans under both microgravity at the International Space Station and simulated microgravity in a 3D-clinostat on the ground. We found that attenuation of cell adhesion through laminin-integrin interactions causes the phenotype. The downstream signaling pathway including FAK, RAC1, PAK1, BAD, and Bcl-2 family proteins in the cytosol, and mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFAS) pathway in the matrix maintain mitochondrial translation at high level. Mechanistically, a decreased level of mitochondrial malonyl-CoA, which is consumed by activated mtFAS, leads to a reduction in the malonylation of the translational machinery and an increase in the initiation and elongation of in organello translation. Consistent with the role of integrin as a mechanosensor, we observed a decrease in mitochondrial translation via the minimization of mechanical stress in mouse skeletal muscle. Our work provides mechanistic insights into how cells convert gravitational and mechanical forces into translation in an energy-producing organelle. This study hosts the C. elegans (nematode) datasets. The human HEK293 cell datasets are available in OSD-936, and the mouse datasets are available in OSD-955.", "release_date": "2026-01-26", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-956/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Caenorhabditis elegans" ], "material_types": [ "Whole Organism" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)", "Ribo-seq (Ribosome profiling)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling", "translation profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Altered Gravity" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Gravity", "Altered" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-5" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "JAXA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Taisei Tomokazu Akira Atsushi Shintaro Wakigawa Yamazaki Higashibata Higashitani Iwasaki" ], "publication_title": "Gravitational and mechanical forces drive mitochondrial translation" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-961", "osd_num": 961, "identifiers": "GLDS-787", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-961", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/961", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/961" } }, "overview": { "title": "Beneficial microbes mitigate molecular stress responses and accelerate developmental pathways in host animals during spaceflight", "description": "As humans continue the manned exploration of space, it is critical to understand the impact of this harsh environment on the beneficial microbes that interact with their bodies. Here, we explore whether the onset of symbiotic associations between microbes and animals are impacted during spaceflight. We used the association between the bobtail squid Euprymna scolopes and its beneficial bacterium Vibrio fischeri as an animal model system to examine how spaceflight affects symbiotic interactions at the transcriptomic, metabolomic, and lipidomic levels over time. Our results suggest that in the spaceflight environment, symbiotic microbes can mitigate molecular stress responses of the host animal and accelerate normal developmental pathways, such as neurogenesis and tissue morphogenesis. Overall, this work provides evidence that beneficial microbes can effectively colonize nascent host epithelial tissues in microgravity and play a critical role in shaping the host tissue environment to promote stability of symbiosis during spaceflight.", "release_date": "2026-04-28", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-961/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Euprymna scolopes" ], "material_types": [ "Light Organ" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Treatment", "Time" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "treatment", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-22" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Eric J. Ana Timothy J. Rachel Ryan David W. Jamie Koch Conesa Garrett Ormsby Bohl Reed Foster" ], "publication_title": "Beneficial microbes mitigate molecular stress responses and accelerate developmental pathways in host animals during spaceflight" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-969", "osd_num": 969, "identifiers": "GLDS-789", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-969", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/969", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/969" } }, "overview": { "title": "Evidence for increased thermogenesis in female C57BL/6J mice housed aboard the international space station - brown adipose tissue (BAT) data", "description": "Sixteen-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were sacrificed aboard the International Space Station after 37 days of flight (RR-1 mission) and frozen carcasses returned to Earth. RNA was isolated from interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) and gonadal white adipose tissue (WAT). Spaceflight resulted in differential expression of genes in BAT consistent with increased non-shivering thermogenesis and differential expression of genes in WAT consistent with increased glucose uptake and metabolism, adipogenesis, and beta-oxidation. This study hosts BAT data, and the WAT data are available in OSD-970.", "release_date": "2026-03-03", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-969/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Brown Adipose Tissue" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "real time PCR" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Applied Biosystems 7900HT Fast Real-Time PCR System" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-4" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Carmen P. Urszula T. Russell T. Wong Iwaniec Turner" ], "publication_title": "Evidence for increased thermogenesis in female C57BL/6J mice housed aboard the international space station" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-970", "osd_num": 970, "identifiers": "GLDS-790", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-970", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/970", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/970" } }, "overview": { "title": "Evidence for increased thermogenesis in female C57BL/6J mice housed aboard the international space station - white adipose tissue (WAT) data", "description": "Sixteen-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were sacrificed aboard the International Space Station after 37 days of flight (RR-1 mission) and frozen carcasses returned to Earth. RNA was isolated from interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) and gonadal white adipose tissue (WAT). Spaceflight resulted in differential expression of genes in BAT consistent with increased non-shivering thermogenesis and differential expression of genes in WAT consistent with increased glucose uptake and metabolism, adipogenesis, and beta-oxidation. This study hosts WAT data, and the BAT data are available in OSD-969.", "release_date": "2026-03-03", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-970/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "White Adipose Tissue" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "real time PCR" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Applied Biosystems 7900HT Fast Real-Time PCR System" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight" ], "types": [ "Space Flight" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-4" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Ames Research Center (ARC)", "people": [ "Carmen P. Urszula T. Russell T. Wong Iwaniec Turner" ], "publication_title": "Evidence for increased thermogenesis in female C57BL/6J mice housed aboard the international space station" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-971", "osd_num": 971, "identifiers": "GLDS-791", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-971", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/971", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/971" } }, "overview": { "title": "Genetic alterations of the putrescine metabolic pathway attenuate plant responses to spaceflight", "description": "This study investigates the impact of altering the polyamine (putrescine, Put) metabolic pathway on plant responses to spaceflight conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana. By engineering lines with modified Put synthesis and degradation pathways, we observed distinct transcriptional and phenotypic responses to spaceflight. Put-accumulating plants including an ARGININE DECARBOXYLASE-over-expressing (OxPtADC) line and Copper-AMINE OXIDASE3 (cuao3) knockdown mutants, exhibited fewer differentially expressed genes (DEGs) than the wild type, suggesting that increased Put accumulation may mitigate some stress effects associated with spaceflight. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed significant changes in biological processes related to spaceflight responses, particularly hypoxia, oxidative stress, and photosynthesis, with Put-modified genotypes showing simplified patterns of expression responses to spaceflight. Specifically, fewer hypoxia-related, and oxidative stress response genes, including those associated with ROS metabolism and cell wall modification, were responsive to spaceflight in the Put-accumulation lines than in the wild type. Similarly, fewer photosynthesis-associated genes were down-regulated under spaceflight conditions in Put-accumulation lines. Morphologically, ISS-grown seedlings exhibited an increase in petiole length, a phenotype previously associated with seedling exposure to hypoxia. This petiole-length response was notably reduced in the OxPtADC and cuao3 genotypes. These findings suggest that manipulating the Put metabolic pathway may enhance plant adaptation to spaceflight conditions, facilitating their incorporation in bioregenerative life-support systems for space exploration.", "release_date": "2026-10-28", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-971/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ], "material_types": [] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Organism Part", "Genotype" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Organism Part", "Genotype" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "SpaceX-23" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Shih-Heng Patrick H Su Masson" ], "publication_title": "Genetic alterations of the putrescine metabolic pathway attenuate plant responses to spaceflight" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-972", "osd_num": 972, "identifiers": "GLDS-792", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-972", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/972", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/972" } }, "overview": { "title": "Radiation-Induced Long Noncoding RNAs in a Mouse Model after Whole-Body Irradiation.", "description": "Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as key molecules in regulating many biological processes and have been implicated in development and disease pathogenesis. Biomarkers of cancer and normal tissue response to treatment are of great interest in precision medicine, as well as in public health and medical management, such as for assessment of radiation injury after an accidental or intentional exposure. Circulating and functional RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and lncRNAs, in whole blood and other body fluids are potential valuable candidates as biomarkers. Early prediction of possible acute, intermediate and delayed effects of radiation exposure enables timely therapeutic interventions. To address whether long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) could serve as biomarkers for radiation biodosimetry we performed whole genome transcriptome analysis in a mouse model after whole-body irradiation. Differential lncRNA expression patterns were evaluated at 16, 24 and 48 h postirradiation in total RNA isolated from whole blood of mice exposed to 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 Gy of X rays. Sham-irradiated animals served as controls. Significant alterations in the expression patterns of lncRNAs were observed after different radiation doses at the various time points. We identified several radiation-induced lncRNAs known for DNA damage response as well as immune response. Long noncoding RNA targets of tumor protein 53 (P53), Trp53cor1, Dino, Pvt1 and Tug1 and an upstream regulator of p53, Meg3, were altered in response to radiation. Gm14005 ( Morrbid) and Tmevpg1 were regulated by radiation across all time points and doses. These two lncRNAs have important potential as blood-based radiation biomarkers; Gm14005 ( Morrbid) has recently been shown to play a key role in inflammatory response, while Tmevpg1 has been implicated in the regulation of interferon gamma. Precise molecular biomarkers, likely involving a diverse group of inducible molecules, will not only enable the development and effective use of medical countermeasures but may also be used to detect and circumvent or mitigate normal tissue injury in cancer radiotherapy.", "release_date": "2018-05-31", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-972/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Whole Blood" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Absorbed Radiation Dose", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "absorbed radiation dose", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Michael Molykutty Sunita Sunita Joel Iris Adeola Shaoli Uma Claire Sandra C Norman Falduto Aryankalayil Chopra Chopra Levin Eke Makinde Das Shankavaram Vanpouille-Box Demaria Coleman" ], "publication_title": "Radiation-Induced Long Noncoding RNAs in a Mouse Model after Whole-Body Irradiation." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-973", "osd_num": 973, "identifiers": "GLDS-793", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-973", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/973", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/973" } }, "overview": { "title": "Microarray analysis of differentially expressed genes in the kidneys and testes of mice after long-term irradiation with low-dose-rate gamma-rays- kidney data", "description": "Measuring global gene expression using cDNA or oligonucleotide microarrays is an effective approach to understanding the complex mechanisms of the effects of radiation. However, few studies have been carried out that investigate gene expression in vivo after prolonged exposure to low-dose-rate radiation. In this study, C57BL/6J mice were continuously irradiated with gamma-rays for 485 days at dose-rates of 0.032-13 microGy/min. Gene expression profiles in the kidney and testis from irradiated and unirradiated mice were analyzed, and differentially expressed genes were identified. A combination of pathway analysis and hierarchical clustering of differentially expressed genes revealed that expression of genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation was elevated in the kidney after irradiation at the dose-rates of 0.65 microGy/min and 13 microGy/min. Expression of cell cycle-associated genes was not profoundly modulated in the kidney, in contrast to the response to acute irradiation, suggesting a threshold in the dose-rate for modulation of the expression of cell cycle-related genes in vivo following exposure to radiation. We demonstrated that changes to the gene expression profile in the testis were largely different from those in the kidney. The Gene Ontology categories 'DNA metabolism', 'response to DNA damage' and 'DNA replication' overlapped significantly with the clusters of genes whose expression decreased with an increase in the dose-rate to the testis. These observations provide a fundamental insight into the organ-specific responses to low-dose-rate radiation. This study hosts kidney data, and the testis data are available in OSD-974.", "release_date": "2009-05-27", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-973/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Kidney" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Sentrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Absorbed Radiation Dose" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "absorbed radiation dose" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Keiko Bing Tetsuo Jianyu Tetsuya Yoshihiko Tsuneya Yoichi Kimio Kazuaki Shingo Satoshi Junji Ayana Mitsuru Taki Wang Nakajima Wu Ono Uehara Matsumoto Oghiso Tanaka Ichinohe Nakamura Tanaka Magae Kakimoto Nenoi" ], "publication_title": "Microarray analysis of differentially expressed genes in the kidneys and testes of mice after long-term irradiation with low-dose-rate gamma-rays." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-974", "osd_num": 974, "identifiers": "GLDS-794", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-974", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/974", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/974" } }, "overview": { "title": "Microarray analysis of differentially expressed genes in the kidneys and testes of mice after long-term irradiation with low-dose-rate gamma-rays - testis data", "description": "Measuring global gene expression using cDNA or oligonucleotide microarrays is an effective approach to understanding the complex mechanisms of the effects of radiation. However, few studies have been carried out that investigate gene expression in vivo after prolonged exposure to low-dose-rate radiation. In this study, C57BL/6J mice were continuously irradiated with gamma-rays for 485 days at dose-rates of 0.032-13 microGy/min. Gene expression profiles in the kidney and testis from irradiated and unirradiated mice were analyzed, and differentially expressed genes were identified. A combination of pathway analysis and hierarchical clustering of differentially expressed genes revealed that expression of genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation was elevated in the kidney after irradiation at the dose-rates of 0.65 microGy/min and 13 microGy/min. Expression of cell cycle-associated genes was not profoundly modulated in the kidney, in contrast to the response to acute irradiation, suggesting a threshold in the dose-rate for modulation of the expression of cell cycle-related genes in vivo following exposure to radiation. We demonstrated that changes to the gene expression profile in the testis were largely different from those in the kidney. The Gene Ontology categories 'DNA metabolism', 'response to DNA damage' and 'DNA replication' overlapped significantly with the clusters of genes whose expression decreased with an increase in the dose-rate to the testis. These observations provide a fundamental insight into the organ-specific responses to low-dose-rate radiation. This study hosts testis data, and the kidney data are available in OSD-973.", "release_date": "2009-05-27", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-974/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "testis" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Sentrix" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Absorbed Radiation Dose" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "absorbed radiation dose" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Keiko Bing Tetsuo Jianyu Tetsuya Yoshihiko Tsuneya Yoichi Kimio Kazuaki Shingo Satoshi Junji Ayana Mitsuru Taki Wang Nakajima Wu Ono Uehara Matsumoto Oghiso Tanaka Ichinohe Nakamura Tanaka Magae Kakimoto Nenoi" ], "publication_title": "Microarray analysis of differentially expressed genes in the kidneys and testes of mice after long-term irradiation with low-dose-rate gamma-rays." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-984", "osd_num": 984, "identifiers": "GLDS-797", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-984", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/984", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/984" } }, "overview": { "title": "Low-dose Simulated Galactic Cosmic Radiation Exposure After Hindlimb Unloading Has Long-term Impact on Skeletal Muscle Metabolic Proteins", "description": "Spaceflight stressors, including microgravity-induced unloading and galactic cosmic radiation (GCR), acutely disrupt mitochondrial function and contribute to skeletal muscle atrophy. The long-term recovery of muscle mitochondria following combined unloading and radiation exposure remains poorly understood. We investigated protein abundance changes 9-months after recovery from combined unloading and radiation exposure.", "release_date": "2026-09-21", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-984/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Mus musculus" ], "material_types": [ "Left gastrocnemius" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein expression profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Orbitrap Exploris 480 (Thermo Fisher)" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Hindlimb Unloading", "Absorbed Radiation Dose" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "Hindlimb Suspension", "absorbed radiation dose" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Heather Jeffery Matthew Guillaume Neil Brian A. Matthew Allaway Chancellor Martone Spielmann Johannsen Irving Robinson" ], "publication_title": "Low-dose simulated galactic cosmic radiation exposure after hindlimb unloading has long-term impact on skeletal muscle metabolic proteins in female mice" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-987", "osd_num": 987, "identifiers": "GLDS-798", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-987", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/987", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/987" } }, "overview": { "title": "Comparison of Streptococcus mutans Growth-Phase Dependent Transcriptome Changes in Two Different Simulated Microgravity Models", "description": "Streptococcus mutans is a cariogenic member of human dental plaque biofilm. Our previous study of S. mutans early stationary phase rotary cell culture system (RCCS) cultures revealed significant transcriptome changes under low shear modelled microgravity (LSMMG) compared to normal gravity (NG), as well as an altered cell clumping phenotype. In this current study, S. mutans mid-exponential phase and late exponential phase cultures were compared using the RCCS (LSMMG and NG orientations) as well as simulated microgravity (“0 g”) using a random positioning machine (RPM). The stationary phase LSMMG altered cell clumping phenotype was consistently observed at earlier phases of growth in LSMMG and 0 g RPM. Significant fold-change differences in gene expression (Late-exponential/Mid-exponential phase) were observed in LSMMG, NG, and 0 g RPM, with 24 genes shared between LSMMG and 0 g RPM cultures (including upregulated pyrimidine biosynthesis genes, and decreased genes involved in purine biosynthesis, iron transport, and malolactic fermentation). Additional significant functional enrichments included TCA cycle (LSMMG and NG), starch and sucrose metabolism (LSMMG and 0 g RPM), and folate biosynthesis (LSMMG, 0 g RPM, and NG). Overall, these data provide insight into S. mutans physiology in response to simulated microgravity. Further investigation of transcriptome changes shared between LSMMG and 0 g RPM may allow us to better predict how this bacterium responds to space flight conditions.", "release_date": "2026-09-17", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-987/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Streptococcus mutans" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Microgravity Simulation", "Time" ], "types": [ "Weightlessness Simulation", "time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Kennedy Space Center (KSC)", "people": [ "Kelly Rice" ], "publication_title": "Comparison of Streptococcus mutans growth-phase-dependent transcriptome changes in two different simulated microgravity models" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-989", "osd_num": 989, "identifiers": "GLDS-800", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-989", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/989", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/989" } }, "overview": { "title": "Identification of Bioburden Associated with Nonmetallic Spacecraft Materials Using Culture-Based and Metagenomic Analyses", "description": "As NASA continues its exploration of the solar system, additional considerations must be made for the design of these missions, considering the scientific goals they aim to achieve. There is a deep interest in life-detection missions on the Jovian moon Europa and Saturn’s moon Enceladus, both of which are thought to contain saltwater oceans under global ice shells. Life detection missions to these sensitive locations must adhere to NASA’s planetary protection requirements. These requirements include probabilistic analyses for contamination on the target body as well as limits on biological contamination (i.e., bioburden) on and in the spacecraft. Historically, NASA has relied heavily upon heat microbial reduction (HMR) to reduce bioburden embedded within nonmetallic materials used in spacecraft assemblies. However, given the long transit time expected for spacecraft aiming to reach Europa or Enceladus, there is additional risk that the harshness of the space environment coupled with HMR may adversely impact such materials. When a bioburden reduction method like HMR cannot be employed, NASA relies upon bioburden assumptions known as “specification values” to calculate bioburden. These values are known to be conservative, potentially inflating the true bioburden associated with materials. Therefore, there is an increased need for alternative bioburden evaluation methods for nonmetallic materials when HMR cannot be used. In this study, we compared the quantification approaches of culture-based methods with metagenomic analysis to evaluate the bioburden associated with 17 nonmetallic materials. We extracted DNA directly from nonmetallic materials and performed qPCR coupled with metagenomic sequencing. Isolated microbes from the culture-based assay were identified using a combination of 16S rRNA Sanger sequencing and MALDI-TOF MS. The results from this work demonstrate that while low biomass represents a challenge, metagenomics may be a feasible approach for supplementing culture-based methods for assessing bioburden. These findings lay a foundation for more advanced methods to evaluate material bioburden with greater specificity. Multiple methods of microbial identification also provide a framework to better inform planetary protection risks in deep space missions.", "release_date": "2026-10-21", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-989/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Staphylococcus auricularis", "Staphylococcus hominis", "Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis", "Bacillus sp.", "Microbiota" ], "material_types": [ "Cells" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "16S", "Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing", "mass spectrometry" ], "measurement_types": [ "Amplicon Sequencing", "Metagenomic sequencing", "protein identification" ], "platforms": [ "ABI 3730xl DNA Analyzer", "Illumina MiSeq FGx", "rapifleX MALDI Tissuetyper mass spectrometer (Bruker)" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Sample Location" ], "types": [ "sample location" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC)", "people": [ "Chelsi D Cassilly" ], "publication_title": "Identification of Bioburden Associated with Nonmetallic Spacecraft Materials Using Culture-Based and Metagenomic Analyses" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-990", "osd_num": 990, "identifiers": "GLDS-801", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-990", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/990", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/990" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional Response in Human Jurkat T Lymphocytes to a near Physiological Hypergravity Environment and to One Common in Routine Cell Culture Protocols - 9g hypergravity experiment", "description": "Cellular effects of hypergravity have been described in many studies. We investigated the transcriptional dynamics in Jurkat T cells between 20 s and 60 min of 9 g hypergravity and characterized a highly dynamic biphasic time course of gene expression response with a transition point between rapid adaptation and long-term response at approximately 7 min. Upregulated genes were shifted towards the center of the nuclei, whereby downregulated genes were shifted towards the periphery. Upregulated gene expression was mostly located on chromosomes 16-22. Protein-coding transcripts formed the majority with more than 90% of all differentially expressed genes and followed a continuous trend of downregulation, whereas retained introns demonstrated a biphasic time-course. The gene expression pattern of hypergravity response was not comparable with other stress factors such as oxidative stress, heat shock or inflammation. Furthermore, we tested a routine centrifugation protocol that is widely used to harvest cells for subsequent RNA analysis and detected a huge impact on the transcriptome compared to non-centrifuged samples, which did not return to baseline within 15 min. Thus, we recommend carefully studying the response of any cell types used for any experiments regarding the hypergravity time and levels applied during cell culture procedures and analysis. This study includes only the 9 g hypergravity experiment and its associated control samples. The 300 g centrifugation and heat stress experiment from the same GEO record is available separately in OSD-998.", "release_date": "2023-02-07", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-990/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells", "Cultured" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Hypergravity", "Hypergravity Duration", "Total Incubation Time" ], "types": [ "Hypergravity", "Hypergravity Duration", "Total Incubation Time" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Christian Cora Meret Timothy Fabienne Jennifer Beatrice Astrid Oliver Sandra Vahlensieck Thiel Mosimann Bradley Caldana Polzer Lauber Ullrich" ], "publication_title": "Transcriptional Response in Human Jurkat T Lymphocytes to a near Physiological Hypergravity Environment and to One Common in Routine Cell Culture Protocols." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-992", "osd_num": 992, "identifiers": "GLDS-804", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-992", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/992", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/992" } }, "overview": { "title": "Space radiation induces distinct senescent phenotypes: Implications for space travel [scRNA-Seq]", "description": "As Earth's magnetic field weakens, space radiation begins to pose a significant threat to the health of not only space travelers, but the world's population. Space radiation, comprising high-energy and high-charge ions, creates distinct clusters of DNA damage and dense macromolecular damage that result in the accumulation of senescent cells (SnCs) known to play a critical role in promoting multimorbidity. Here, we demonstrate that human fibroblasts exposed to different forms of space radiation acquire senescence-associated phenotypes including morphological alterations and the accumulation of SA-beta-gal+ cells to a greater extent than what is observed following gamma-irradiation. Bulk and single cell RNA (scRNAseq) sequencing analysis revealed that space irradiated human fibroblasts up-regulated senescent-like phenotypes to a greater extent compared to gamma-irradiation and enriched pathways associated with chronic activation and adaptation of the integrated stress response and NADPH-coupled redox metabolism. Healthy cells treated with conditioned media from irradiated SnCs manifested pro-inflammatory transcriptional profiles dependent on both radiation and cell type. Finally, treatment with known senotherapeutics demonstrated radiation-specific effects in primary dermal fibroblasts. Our data demonstrate that space radiation differentially induces senescent phenotypes in human cells compared to gamma-irradiation, which may play a key role in the pathogenic effects of space travel. This study hosts scRNAseq data, and the RNAseq data are available in OSD-993.", "release_date": "2025-12-09", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-992/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells", "Cultured" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "single-cell RNA sequencing" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Treatment Group" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "treatment group" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Louise E Ashley M Zachary A Josh Xu Nino Tamar Amyn A Nathan K Tamara James L Xiao Sandeep Paul D Pitcher Saathoff Eduvas Bartz Zhang Giorgadze Pirtskhalava Habib LeBrasseur Tchkonia Kirkland Dong Burma Robbins" ], "publication_title": "Space radiation induces distinct senescent phenotypes: Implications for space travel." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-993", "osd_num": 993, "identifiers": "GLDS-805", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-993", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/993", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/993" } }, "overview": { "title": "Space radiation induces distinct senescent phenotypes: Implications for space travel [bulk RNA-Seq]", "description": "As Earth's magnetic field weakens, space radiation begins to pose a significant threat to the health of not only space travelers, but the world's population. Space radiation, comprising high-energy and high-charge ions, creates distinct clusters of DNA damage and dense macromolecular damage that result in the accumulation of senescent cells (SnCs) known to play a critical role in promoting multimorbidity. Here, we demonstrate that human fibroblasts exposed to different forms of space radiation acquire senescence-associated phenotypes including morphological alterations and the accumulation of SA-beta-gal+ cells to a greater extent than what is observed following gamma-irradiation. Bulk and single cell RNA (scRNAseq) sequencing analysis revealed that space irradiated human fibroblasts up-regulated senescent-like phenotypes to a greater extent compared to gamma-irradiation and enriched pathways associated with chronic activation and adaptation of the integrated stress response and NADPH-coupled redox metabolism. Healthy cells treated with conditioned media from irradiated SnCs manifested pro-inflammatory transcriptional profiles dependent on both radiation and cell type. Finally, treatment with known senotherapeutics demonstrated radiation-specific effects in primary dermal fibroblasts. Our data demonstrate that space radiation differentially induces senescent phenotypes in human cells compared to gamma-irradiation, which may play a key role in the pathogenic effects of space travel. This study hosts RNAseq data, and the scRNAseq data are available in OSD-992.", "release_date": "2025-12-09", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-993/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells", "Cultured" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Treatment Group" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "treatment group" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Louise E Bipasha Ashley M Zachary A Josh Xu Nino Tamar Amyn A Nathan K Tamara James L Xiao Sandeep Paul D Pitcher Mukherjee Saathoff Eduvas Bartz Zhang Giorgadze Pirtskhalava Habib LeBrasseur Tchkonia Kirkland Dong Burma Robbins" ], "publication_title": "Space radiation induces distinct senescent phenotypes: Implications for space travel." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-998", "osd_num": 998, "identifiers": "GLDS-807", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-998", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/998", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/998" } }, "overview": { "title": "Transcriptional Response in Human Jurkat T Lymphocytes to a near Physiological Hypergravity Environment and to One Common in Routine Cell Culture Protocols - 300 g centrifugation and heat stress experiment", "description": "Cellular effects of hypergravity have been described in many studies. We investigated the transcriptional dynamics in Jurkat T cells between 20 s and 60 min of 9 g hypergravity and characterized a highly dynamic biphasic time course of gene expression response with a transition point between rapid adaptation and long-term response at approximately 7 min. Upregulated genes were shifted towards the center of the nuclei, whereby downregulated genes were shifted towards the periphery. Upregulated gene expression was mostly located on chromosomes 16-22. Protein-coding transcripts formed the majority with more than 90% of all differentially expressed genes and followed a continuous trend of downregulation, whereas retained introns demonstrated a biphasic time-course. The gene expression pattern of hypergravity response was not comparable with other stress factors such as oxidative stress, heat shock or inflammation. Furthermore, we tested a routine centrifugation protocol that is widely used to harvest cells for subsequent RNA analysis and detected a huge impact on the transcriptome compared to non-centrifuged samples, which did not return to baseline within 15 min. Thus, we recommend carefully studying the response of any cell types used for any experiments regarding the hypergravity time and levels applied during cell culture procedures and analysis. This study includes only the 300 g centrifugation and heat stress experiment. The 9 g hypergravity experiment and its associated control samples from the same GEO record is available separately in OSD-990.", "release_date": "2023-02-07", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-998/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells", "Cultured" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Hypergravity", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ], "types": [ "Hypergravity", "Time of Sample Collection After Treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Christian Cora Sandra Meret Timothy Fabienne Jennifer Beatrice Astrid Oliver Vahlensieck Thiel Mosimann Bradley Caldana Polzer Lauber Ullrich" ], "publication_title": "Transcriptional Response in Human Jurkat T Lymphocytes to a near Physiological Hypergravity Environment and to One Common in Routine Cell Culture Protocols" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-999", "osd_num": 999, "identifiers": "GLDS-808", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-999", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/999", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/999" } }, "overview": { "title": "Sex‐Specific Changes in Brain Organoids from Acute Simulated Galactic Cosmic Radiation are Rescued by Targeted ECM Pathway Stimulation (sex-specific response experiment)", "description": "This study aims to characterize transcriptomic responses to Simplified 5 Ion GCR Simulation (simGCRsim) in human brain organoids derived from hiPSCs. Two independent RNA-seq experiments were conducted. The first set compared male- and female-derived organoids to evaluate sex-specific transcriptional responses to GCR. The second set assessed organoids derived from i) male hiPSCs expressing optogenetically-controlled FGFR (opto-FGFR) or mock constructs to explore FGFR signaling as a potential countermeasure and ii) one female hiPSC line (SC2131), with or without GCR exposure. Together, these datasets provide insight into both intrinsic sex differences and FGFR-dependent protective mechanisms in human neural tissues in the context of space radiation exposure. This study host the data of the sex-specific response experiment, and the data of Opto-FGFR-mediated rescue under simGCRsim exposure is available in OSD-1000.", "release_date": "2025-12-08", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-999/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells", "Cultured" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Sex" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "Sex" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Eun A. Han Byeol Wonjin Anjalika Gahyang Sangho Micheal C. Min Seong Hyesoo Yohan Gabsang Ra Kim Yun Bandaru Cho Lee Anderson Kim Kim Oh Lee" ], "publication_title": "Sex‐Specific Changes in Brain Organoids from Acute Simulated Galactic Cosmic Radiation are Rescued by Targeted ECM Pathway Stimulation" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-1000", "osd_num": 1000, "identifiers": "GLDS-809", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-1000", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/1000", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/1000" } }, "overview": { "title": "Sex‐Specific Changes in Brain Organoids from Acute Simulated Galactic Cosmic Radiation are Rescued by Targeted ECM Pathway Stimulation (Opto-FGFR-mediated rescue under simGCRsim exposure)", "description": "This study aims to characterize transcriptomic responses to Simplified 5 Ion GCR Simulation (simGCRsim) in human brain organoids derived from hiPSCs. Two independent RNA-seq experiments were conducted. The first set compared male- and female-derived organoids to evaluate sex-specific transcriptional responses to GCR. The second set assessed organoids derived from i) male hiPSCs expressing optogenetically-controlled FGFR (opto-FGFR) or mock constructs to explore FGFR signaling as a potential countermeasure and ii) one female hiPSC line (SC2131), with or without GCR exposure. Together, these datasets provide insight into both intrinsic sex differences and FGFR-dependent protective mechanisms in human neural tissues in the context of space radiation exposure. This study host the data of Opto-FGFR-mediated rescue under simGCRsim exposure, and the data of the sex-specific response experiment is available in OSD-999.", "release_date": "2025-12-08", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-1000/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells", "Cultured" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Genotype" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "Genotype" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Eun A. Han Byeol Wonjin Anjalika Gahyang Sangho Micheal C. Min Seong Hyesoo Yohan Gabsang Ra Kim Yun Bandaru Cho Lee Anderson Kim Kim Oh Lee" ], "publication_title": "Sex‐Specific Changes in Brain Organoids from Acute Simulated Galactic Cosmic Radiation are Rescued by Targeted ECM Pathway Stimulation" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-1005", "osd_num": 1005, "identifiers": "GLDS-812", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-1005", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/1005", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/1005" } }, "overview": { "title": "PROtection MEdiated by Antioxidant NanoTEchnOlogy Against Neuronal Damage in Space 2 (PROMETEO 2, Nano Protection)", "description": "The spaceflight environment exposes biological systems to microgravity and cosmic radiation, which are factors known to induce oxidative stress and neurodegenerative processes. As the central nervous system is highly susceptible to disruptions in redox homeostasis, the development of effective strategies to safeguard astronaut health and cognitive function during extended space missions has become imperative. In this study, we investigate cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria, NC) as an antioxidant agent for human neuron-like cells aboard the International Space Station. Nanoceria demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, strong antioxidant properties, and the ability to stimulate neurite extension under both Earth gravity and simulated microgravity. Following the return of the samples to Earth, transcriptomic analyses revealed that nanoceria effectively counteracted the detrimental transcriptional alterations triggered by spaceflight stressors, thereby maintaining neuronal homeostasis. Importantly, the expression of genes involved in antioxidant defense, mitochondrial activity, and dopamine metabolism remained stable in nanoceria-treated neurons, in contrast to the dysregulation observed in untreated controls. These findings position cerium oxide nanoparticles as promising antioxidant neuroprotectants for long-duration space missions and related neurodegenerative conditions.", "release_date": "2026-05-15", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-1005/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells", "Cultured" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Altered Gravity", "Treatment" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Gravity", "Altered", "treatment" ] }, "mission": { "names": [ "Ax-3" ], "flight_programs": [ "International Space Station (ISS)" ], "space_programs": [ "Italian Space Agency (ASI)" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Gianni Ciofani" ], "publication_title": "Neuroprotective Effects of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles During Spaceflight." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-1008", "osd_num": 1008, "identifiers": "GLDS-814", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-1008", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/1008", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/1008" } }, "overview": { "title": "Proteomic dataset of MECP2-deficient and wild-type human brain organoids under spaceflight and ground conditions", "description": "This dataset contains mass spectrometry-based proteomic profiles of human brain organoids cultured on Earth for 30 days, then maintained aboard the International Space Station (ISS) for an additional 30 days, with matched ground controls that remained on Earth for the equivalent duration. Brain organoids were derived from induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines: Q83X, carrying a nonsense mutation in MECP2 from a male patient with Rett syndrome, and WT83, derived from the patient’s unaffected familial control. Rett syndrome is a severe X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in MECP2, which encodes Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2, a critical epigenetic regulator. The spaceflight experiment was conducted using cryovials with automated control maintenance. Deep proteome coverage with approximately 6,000 protein groups was inferred from 56,639 peptides. This dataset provides unique insights into how the space environment affects human neural tissue and MECP2-related pathologies, serving as a resource for understanding spaceflight-induced neurological changes and as a steppingstone for future space missions.", "release_date": "2026-02-09", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-1008/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells", "Cultured" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "mass spectrometry" ], "measurement_types": [ "protein expression profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Orbitrap Astral Mass Spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific)" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Spaceflight", "Genotype" ], "types": [ "Space Flight", "Genotype" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Aline M. A. Diogo G Blake L. Juliana Luisa Bulcao Vieira Paulo Costa Alysson R. Martins Biagi Tsu de Saldanha da Gama Fischer Coelho Carvalho Muotri" ], "publication_title": "Proteomic dataset of MECP2-deficient and wild-type human brain organoids under spaceflight and ground conditions" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-1010", "osd_num": 1010, "identifiers": "GLDS-815", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-1010", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/1010", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/1010" } }, "overview": { "title": "Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG modulates epithelial responses to space-relevant heavy-ion irradiation in a human gut-on-chip", "description": "Space radiation poses significant risks to human health, particularly to the radiation-sensitive gastrointestinal tract, yet the role of the microbiome in modulating intestinal responses to space-relevant heavy-ion exposure remains poorly understood due to the lack of advanced human-relevant experimental models. Here, we adapted a previously developed gut-on-chip (HuMiX) that recapitulates host-microbiome crosstalk to investigate the specific role of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) on the radiation response of normal human intestinal cells (FHs 74 Int) after exposure to 600 MeV per nucleon Si-28 or 1 GeV per nucleon Fe-56 ions. First, results showed that LGG induced transcriptional reprogramming characterized by reduced proliferative signaling and changes in metabolic and epithelial organization pathway, confirming efficient interaction with the FHs 74 Int cells. Irradiation at an absorbed dose of 50 cGy of Si-28 or Fe-56 ions triggered canonical radiation responses, including activation of inflammatory signaling, DNA damage pathways, p53 signaling, and cell-cycle checkpoints, while suppressing developmental and epithelial differentiation programs. Despite shared radiation-response signatures, the two radiation qualities produced distinct transcriptional profiles: Fe-56 preferentially activated inflammatory and lipid metabolic pathways, whereas Si-28 induced interferon signaling, oxidative phosphorylation, and translation-related programs. Importantly, LGG modulated the radiation response with differences in DNA repair- and replication-associated transcriptional programs. Quantification revealed significantly reduced residual gamma-H2AX-53BP1 DNA damage foci in irradiated LGG-exposed cells compared with irradiated cells cultured without LGG. Together, these findings demonstrate the utility of organ-on-chip platforms to investigate human tissue responses to space radiation and reveal a potential microbiome-mediated mechanism of intestinal radioprotection.", "release_date": "2026-11-04", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-1010/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells", "Cultured" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing radiation", "Culture Platform", "Co-Culture", "Batch Number" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "culture platform", "Co-Culture", "Batch Number" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [ "NASA" ] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Jerome Frederic Jianing Sean Carla Matthew Lacombe Zenhausern Yang Dunn Brooks Barrett" ], "publication_title": "Human gut-on-chip reveals radioprotective effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG against mission-relevant doses of space radiation" } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-1012", "osd_num": 1012, "identifiers": "GLDS-818", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-1012", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/1012", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/1012" } }, "overview": { "title": "Impact of Neutron Exposure on Global Gene Expression in a Human Peripheral Blood Model.", "description": "The detonation of an improvised nuclear device would produce prompt radiation consisting of both photons (gamma rays) and neutrons. While much effort in recent years has gone into the development of radiation biodosimetry methods suitable for mass triage, the possible effect of neutrons on the endpoints studied has remained largely uninvestigated. We have used a novel neutron irradiator with an energy spectrum based on that 1-1.5 km from the epicenter of the Hiroshima blast to begin examining the effect of neutrons on global gene expression, and the impact this may have on the development of gene expression signatures for radiation biodosimetry. We have exposed peripheral blood from healthy human donors to 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 or 1 Gy of neutrons ex vivo using our neutron irradiator, and compared the transcriptomic response 24 h later to that resulting from sham exposure or exposure to 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1, 2 or 4 Gy of photons (X rays). We identified 125 genes that responded significantly to both radiation qualities as a function of dose, with the magnitude of response to neutrons generally being greater than that seen after X-ray exposure. Gene ontology analysis suggested broad involvement of the p53 signaling pathway and general DNA damage response functions across all doses of both radiation qualities. Regulation of immune response and chromatin-related functions were implicated only following the highest doses of neutrons, suggesting a physiological impact of greater DNA damage. We also identified several genes that seem to respond primarily as a function of dose, with less effect of radiation quality. We confirmed this pattern of response by quantitative real-time RT-PCR for BAX, TNFRSF10B, ITLN2 and AEN and suggest that gene expression may provide a means to differentiate between total dose and a neutron component.", "release_date": "2017-02-22", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-1012/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Blood" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Absorbed Radiation Dose" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "absorbed radiation dose" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Constantinos G Yanping Andrew D Mashkura Guy Sally Broustas Xu Harken Chowdhury Garty Amundson" ], "publication_title": "Impact of Neutron Exposure on Global Gene Expression in a Human Peripheral Blood Model." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-1014", "osd_num": 1014, "identifiers": "GLDS-820", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-1014", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/1014", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/1014" } }, "overview": { "title": "Distinct molecular responses of human intestinal organoids to proton and photon radiation.", "description": "Radiation exposure impairs rapidly renewing tissues like the intestinal epithelium, yet translational insights from murine models have been limited by species-specific responses. Here, we use human intestinal organoids (HIOs) derived from jejunal epithelium to evaluate human epithelial responses to low-dose proton and photon (gamma) radiation. Gamma irradiation induces a unique developmental and metabolic shift in crypt-like organoids, including enrichment of amino acid metabolism pathways and activation of fetal-associated transcription factors and morphology. Integrated multiomic profiling reveals serotonin biosynthesis as a central regenerative node. HIOs can complement animal models and are emerging as a powerful tool in modeling human radiation responses and identifying candidate biomarkers for intestinal injury.", "release_date": "2025-10-28", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-1014/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells", "Cultured" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Illumina" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Organoid Differentiation State" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "Organoid Differentiation State" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Victoria Tajhal D Hoa Amal Lawrence Mary K Cristian Sarah E Poplaski Patel Nguyen-Phuc Kambal Bronk Estes Coarfa Blutt" ], "publication_title": "Distinct molecular responses of human intestinal organoids to proton and photon radiation." } }, { "identity": { "accession": "OSD-1015", "osd_num": 1015, "identifiers": "GLDS-821", "links": { "study": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/bio/repo/data/studies/OSD-1015", "metadata_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/meta/1015", "files_api": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/osdr/data/osd/files/1015" } }, "overview": { "title": "Distinct Sets of lncRNAs are Differentially Modulated after Exposure to High and Low Doses of X Rays.", "description": "High- and low-dose X rays are used in medicine as therapeutic and diagnostic tools, respectively. While the cellular response to high-dose radiation is well known, studies on the effects of low-dose radiation and its ability to trigger a proper DNA damage response have had contradictory results. The functions of many signaling and effector proteins of the DNA damage response (DDR) have been described, and are attributed to well-known DDR pathways. However, there has been little known about the contribution of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) to DDR, although there is recent evidence that lncRNAs may be associated with almost all biological functions, including DDR. In this work, we investigated the participation of lncRNAs in the response to different X-ray doses. By microarray analysis, we observed that in human breast epithelial cells, distinct sets of coding and noncoding transcripts are differentially regulated after moderate- and high-dose irradiation compared to those regulated after low-dose irradiation. While the modulated coding and noncoding genes at low doses relate to cell signaling pathways, those affected by moderate and high doses are mostly enriched for cell cycle regulation and apoptotic pathways. Quantification using qPCR of the lncRNAs identified by microarrays allowed the validation of 75% of those regulated at the higher doses. These results indicate that lncRNA expression is regulated by ionizing radiation and that this expression is dose dependent.", "release_date": "2016-08-31", "thumbnail": "https://osdr.nasa.gov/geode-py/ws/studies/OSD-1015/image" }, "subject": { "organisms": [ "Homo sapiens" ], "material_types": [ "Cells", "Cultured" ] }, "assay": { "types": [ "DNA microarray" ], "measurement_types": [ "transcription profiling" ], "platforms": [ "Agilent" ] }, "factors": { "names": [ "Ionizing Radiation", "Absorbed Radiation Dose" ], "types": [ "ionizing radiation", "absorbed radiation dose" ] }, "mission": { "names": [], "flight_programs": [], "space_programs": [] }, "attribution": { "managing_center": "", "people": [ "Mariona Marta Joan Maite Anna Terradas Martín Repullès Huarte Genescà" ], "publication_title": "Distinct Sets of lncRNAs are Differentially Modulated after Exposure to High and Low Doses of X Rays." } } ]